scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF ANAEMIA IN PREGNANCY IN A DISTRICT IN JHARKHAND

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sweta Lal ◽  
Manjula Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Total Study Population ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
Rural Background ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Moderate Anaemia

Background: Maternal anaemia has been defined by the low level of haemoglobin in the blood while pregnancy period. Gestational anaemia has been defined as one of the most prominent health problems faced by pregnant women worldwide.  Anaemia in pregnant women might be relative or absolute. Aim: To identify the various factors associated with anaemia among the pregnant women in Jharkhand Methods: A prospective study was carried out on 10,000 pregnant women between September 2019 and February 2020 in Jharkhand. Those women were taken into consideration who had haemoglobin less than 11 mg/dl. The non-pregnant women were excluded from the list. Multivariate analysis in terms of Binary logistic regression was done to check the associations of selected socio-economic and demographic covariates on the prevalence of anaemia in Jharkhand. Results: Majority of the women belonged to 26-30 years of the age group, which accounted for 38% of all the study population. The majority of the patients were from the rural background amounting to 52%. The majority of the patients belonged to the Hindu religion with 60% prevalence rate. The majority of the patients belonged to the lower middle class, with a prevalence rate of 38%. The majority of the women had no education at all. The percentage of such women was 40% of the total study population. The majority of the spouse of patients had secondary education with an incidence of 40%. The majority of the patients had moderate anaemia with 60% of incidence rate. The majority of the patients consumed fruits, occasionally with a prevalence of 50%. The majority of the women consumed non-veg weekly, with a prevalence of 50%. The majority of the patient consumed green leafy vegetables weekly with an incidence of 48%. Conclusion: The majority of pregnant women were not educated enough and consumed less amount of vegetables and fruits than non-veg. Furthermore, it was also found from the above study that the majority of the pregnant women ha moderate anaemia and belonged to the rural background. Keywords: Anaemia, Gestational Anaemia, Haemoglobin, Pregnant Women

Nutritional Status of Rural Pregnant Women of Haryana State, Northern India

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudesh Jood ◽  
Saroj Bishnoi ◽  
Neelam Khetarpaul
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Limited Food ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Average daily food intakes of 90 rural pregnant women belonging to arid, semi-arid and wet zones of Haryana State, Northern India have been determined. As a result of questionnaires and interviews, food intake for three consecutive days were collected. Intakes of cereals, pulses, roots and tubers, other vegetables and sugar and jaggery by the respondents were significantly lower than the prescribed Indian Recommended Dietary Intakes (RDI). The consumption of milk and milk products and fats and oils was significantly higher than that of RDI whereas, green leafy vegetables and fruits were the most limited food items. As the diets of rural pregnant women were inadequate with respect to some food groups, which resulted in lower intake of protein, β-carotene and ascorbic acid. Despite their poor intake their weights and heights were not much below the standards. BMI classification projected that only about one fourth of the respondents were underweight. There is pressing need to educate rural pregnant women regarding their increased nutritional requirements.

Plasma Levels of Retinol, Carotenoids, and Tocopherols in Relation to Dietary Pattern among Pregnant Tanzanian Women

2003 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 323-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulokozi ◽  
Lietz ◽  
Svanberg ◽  
Mugyabuso ◽  
Henry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Tocopherol Concentration ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Plasma Retinol ◽  
Retinol Concentration

In Tanzania, as in other developing countries, dietary intake of nutrients in pregnant women is marginal or lower than the recommended intakes and therefore these women are at high risk for deficiencies. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between diet and plasma levels of retinol, carotenoids, and alpha-tocopherol in the third trimester of pregnancy. Ninety pregnant women aged between 18 and 45 years were equally recruited from three villages. Seven-day food frequency data was collected by questionnaire. Plasma levels of retinol, carotenoids, and tocopherols were assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results indicated that cooked green leafy vegetables constituted the major source of provitamin A carotenoids, with low intake of yellow/orange fruits and preformed vitamin A. Lutein, lycopene, and beta-carotene were the predominant carotenoids in the plasma with mean values of 1.61, 0.84, and 0.63 mumol/L, respectively. There was no significant correlation between frequencies of vegetable consumption and either plasma retinol or carotenoids. However, increased consumption of green leafy vegetables with oil, which increases bioavailability, was correlated with high plasma retinol levels (p = 0.03). Low retinol levels (≤ 0.70 mmol/L) were present in 26% of women. The mean plasma retinol concentration was 0.89 mumol/L and 63% of the women had values below 1.05 mumol/L. The mean plasma a-tocopherol concentration was 15.4 mumol/L and women with plasma retinol concentration > 1.05 mumol/L had significantly higher mean alpha-tocopherol than women with plasma retinol concentration ≤ 0.70 mumol/L (p ≤ 0.01). Twenty-four percent of the women were anemic (hemoglobin:Hb <110 g/L) and the mean Hb value was 116.3 g/L.

scholarly journals Effects of folic acid food fortification scenarios on the folate intake of a multi-ethnic pregnant population

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 738-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana A Teixeira ◽  
Teresa G Castro ◽  
Clare R Wall ◽  
Dirce Maria Marchioni ◽  
Sarah Berry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Folate Intake ◽  
Food Fortification ◽  
Breakfast Cereals ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables

AbstractObjectiveTo simulate effects of different scenarios of folic acid fortification of food on dietary folate equivalents (DFE) intake in an ethnically diverse sample of pregnant women.DesignA forty-four-item FFQ was used to evaluate dietary intake of the population. DFE intakes were estimated for different scenarios of food fortification with folic acid: (i) voluntary fortification; (ii) increased voluntary fortification; (iii) simulated bread mandatory fortification; and (iv) simulated grains-and-rice mandatory fortification.SettingEthnically and socio-economically diverse cohort of pregnant women in New Zealand.ParticipantsPregnant women (n 5664) whose children were born in 2009–2010.ResultsParticipants identified their ethnicity as European (56·0 %), Asian (14·2 %), Māori (13·2 %), Pacific (12·8 %) or Others (3·8 %). Bread, breakfast cereals and yeast spread were main food sources of DFE in the two voluntary fortification scenarios. However, for Asian women, green leafy vegetables, bread and breakfast cereals were main contributors of DFE in these scenarios. In descending order, proportions of different ethnic groups in the lowest tertile of DFE intake for the four fortification scenarios were: Asian (39–60 %), Others (41–44 %), European (31–37 %), Pacific (23–26 %) and Māori (23–27 %). In comparisons within each ethnic group across scenarios of food fortification with folic acid, differences were observed only with DFE intake higher in the simulated grains-and-rice mandatory fortification v. other scenarios.ConclusionsIf grain and rice fortification with folic acid was mandatory in New Zealand, DFE intakes would be more evenly distributed among pregnant women of different ethnicities, potentially reducing ethnic group differences in risk of lower folate intakes.

scholarly journals Knowledge about risk factors, symptoms and diet pertaining to cardiac disease among rural population of Tamil Nadu

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL2) ◽  
pp. 319-325
Author(s):  
Narayanaswamy A G ◽  
Meenakshi K ◽  
Porchelvan S ◽  
Harsha Nair H ◽  
Akshaya S ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Premature Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Study Population

The prevalence of Cardiovascular Vascular Disease is increasing rapidly and has become a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in both developing and developed countries. Demographic transitions, adoption of unhealthy lifestyles and diet, sedentary occupations and even ignorance has contributed to this epidemic. However, there are very few existing studies determining the awareness of CVD and its risk factors among general population. We studied 640 patients from one subset of rural Chennai to determine the essential knowledge on various aspects of coronary artery disease. Most of our patients were aware that chest pain, sweating, palpitation, increased consumption of fatty and oily food, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and smoking were associated with heart disease. What was surprising was that majority did not know that dyspnea, edema and oliguria could occur in Cardiovascular Vascular Disease. Many did not know that avoidance of sedentary lifestyle was heart healthy and almost 50% of the study population were unaware that consumption of increased amount of green leafy vegetables and could prevent heart disease. Half of the study population did not recognise that family history of premature cardiovascular disease could predispose to the same in the offspring. Methods to Increase this awareness and follow up programs to monitor whether they are implemented could go a long way to reduce the prevalence of the disease.

scholarly journals Clinical profile and outcome of COVID positive obstetric patients in a tertiary care hospital: a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3352
Author(s):  
Asma Hassan Mufti ◽  
Samar Mukhtar ◽  
Mehmood-Ul-Hassan Mufti ◽  
Nasir Jeelani Wani
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Total Study Population ◽  
Emergency Cesarean ◽  
Neonatal Icu ◽  
Study Population

Background: To study clinical profile, maternal and fetal outcome in COVID positive pregnancies.Methods: A retrospective observational study was done at Lalla ded hospital, Kashmir, a tertiary care centre. 70 COVID positive pregnant women who were admitted from May 2020 to January 2021 were included in the study.Results: The incidence of COVID positive patients in our study was 11.47%. 60% of patients in our study belonged to 26-30 years age group. 50% patients were primigravida, 20% were second gravid. Among the study population, 31 (44.3%) patients were term while 22 (31.4%) were preterm. Most patients were asymptomatic (61.4%). Among symptomatic patients, maximum had fever (17.1%) followed by cough (10%) and shortness of breath (4.3%). Associated comorbidity was seen in 33 patients (47.1%). Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were seen in majority i.e. 15.7%, followed by anaemia (11.4%), GDM (8.5%) and hypothyroidism (7.1%). Out of total study population of 70, emergency cesarean delivery (LSCS) was done in 29 patients (41.5%). 21 patients delivered vaginally (30%). Two post-LSCS patients were shifted to designated COVID Intensive care unit (ICU). One patient from the study group died. There were total of 50 deliveries, 10 babies had Neonatal ICU admission (20%), Low birth weight in 9 (18%). Low APGAR score was in 6 (12%). There were 2 stillbirths in the study population.Conclusions: COVID presents as milder disease in pregnancy, but it may be severe in those with associated comorbidities. More studies on susceptibility of pregnant women to infection by COVID-19 are required.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Streptococcus agalactiae Serotypes Associated with Anogenital Colonization among Pregnant Women in Jos

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Dahal A. Samuel ◽  
Daniel Z. Egah ◽  
Kandakai-Olukemi T. Yvonne
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Colonization Rate ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Serotype Distribution ◽  
Study Population

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of GBS serotype distribution in Jos University Teaching Hospital. Materials and Methodology: This was a hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study of 300 women receiving health care at the Jos University Teaching Hospital between July 2017 and November 2017. Systematic sampling technique was employed in recruiting consenting subjects for this study. High vaginal and anorectal swabs were collected from each subject after obtaining their consent by signing a structured consent form. The identified Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) isolates were serotyped using immuLex strep-B antisera from SSI Diagnostica, 2 Herredysvejen, DK-3400 Hillerod Demnark to identify the different serotypes. The results obtained were computed using SPSS version 21. Results: A total of 300 women obtaining health care in Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) were enrolled in this study between the months of July, 2017 and November, 2017. In all, vaginal and anorectal swabs were taken from 200 pregnant women and 100 non-pregnant women. The age range of the study population was between 16 years to 48 years with a mean age of 31.9 year (SD ± 6.6). The prevalence rate among the study population was 6.3%. The colonization rate among pregnant and non-pregnant women was 6.5% and 6.0% respectively with no significant statistical difference. Serotype Ia was the commonest isolate responsible for 42.1% of the GBS isolates. Serotype III accounted for 31.6% of the isolates, followed by serotype V (15.8%). Serotype II was less common, responsible for only 10.5%. Conclusion: This study showed that GBS colonization rate among the study population was 6.3%. Approximately, 6.5% and 6.0% prevalence rate were found among pregnant and non-pregnant women respectively. Of all the GBS isolates, serotypes Ia, II, III, and serotype V were isolated with serotype Ia being the most prevalent serotype. This knowledge of serotype distribution will help in instituting serotype specific GBS vaccines for the prevention of GBS diseases in Jos.

scholarly journals Impact of Dietary Pattern on Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women in Low and High Strata between the Age Group of 30-39 Years in Mumbai

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Vaibhavi P. Tailor ◽  
Rupali Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Socioeconomic Strata ◽  
Intra Uterine Growth Retardation

Background: Maternal Nutrition plays an important role in shaping the mother’s and fetal health. Therefore intake of high salt, high fat, high sugar in the diet might lead to over nutrition among pregnant women due to varied food choices of the since most of the subjects consumed outside food, Sugar Sweetened Beverages such as (Cola, Pepsi, Thumps Up, Soda, Sherbet etc), Processed Food such as (Ready to eat food, Mayonnaise, Cheese spread etc) which consist of increase amount of preservative which might affect the mother and foetal’s health. Since there was increase intake of above food groups and decrease intake of macro and micronutrients in the diet through food group such as Fruits, Nuts and Oilseed, Green Leafy Vegetables etc. Therefore there might be increased risk of Over nutrition among women which might lead to GDM (Gestational Diabetes Mellitus), IUGR (Intra Uterine Growth Retardation), Low Birth weight etc. Aim: To study the impact of dietary pattern on Nutritional of pregnant women in Low and High Strata. Method: A purposive random sampling was done among pregnant women because only 2nd trimester pregnant women were selected for the study. The 50 subjects were divided into LSES (Lower Socioeconomic Strata) &HSES (Higher Socioeconomic Strata) on the basis of Kuppuswamy Index. The dietary pattern of the subjects was assessed through FFQ (Food Frequency Questionnaire) & 3 Day Diet Recall. Result: There was increase consumption of High Fat, High Salt, High Sugar in the diet through consumption if food group such as Outside Food, Processed Food, Sugar Sweetened Beverages etc and in comparison the consumption of Macro and Micronutrient rich food group was lower which included Fruits, Green Leafy Vegetables, Nuts and oilseed etc. In Lower Strata the consumption of above food group was low because they were financially not stable therefore they were given additional services where the company paid their ration balance so that they could consume selective food group which were costing comparatively more. Since the RDA(Recommended Dietary Allowances) requirements were not met therefore the women were prescribed Iron, Calcium and Folic Acid supplements in the diet to decrease the risk of Maternal and fetal complication such as GDM(Gestational Diabetes Mellitus), NTD(Neural Tube Defect), IUGR(Intra Uterine Growth Retardation) etc. Conclusion: Therefore to decrease the risk of Maternal and Fetal Complications intake of Macro and Micro nutritions in the diet is imperative and it is important to organize Nutrition Intervention programmes and counsel the pregnant women about Maternal Nutrition and how decrease intake of Nutrients in the diet might lead to Maternal Under nutrition and over nutrition and its related risk.

scholarly journals A study on prevalence of anaemia and various factors influencing anaemia among adolescent girls in urban and rural field practice areas of Osmania Medical College

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 3319
Author(s):  
Gurram Sudha Rani ◽  
Bollampalli Baburao
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Field Practice ◽  
Rural And Urban Area

Background: Adolescents in India represent over 1/5th (22.3%) of total population. Iron deficiency anaemia is the commonest medical disorder and is a problem of serious public health condition with epidemic proportions. It has significant impact on physical, psychological development, immunity, behaviour, and work performance. The objectives of the study were to determine prevalence of anaemia among adolescent girls and to study the various factors associated with anaemia in urban and rural field practice areas of Osmania Medical CollegeMethods: A total of 760 adolescent girls (380 in each area) were interviewed and examined. BMI was calculated with anthropometric calculator available in WHO anthroplus. Method of haemoglobin estimation is by cyneamethe-heamoglobin. Anaemia was classified based on WHO classification. Results: The prevalence of anaemia was 74.5% and 82.6% in rural and urban area respectively. In rural area, 84 (87.5%) of girls were anaemic who were menstruating more than 7 days and only 31 (45.6%) were anaemic who were menstruating less than 3 days. Majority of married subjects were anaemic in both urban (82.4%) and rural (95.8%) area. Religion did not have significant relation with anaemia. Prevalence of anaemia was more in lower and lower middle class. In the present study majority of thin girls were anaemic in both rural (97.4%) and urban (94.8%) area with significant statistical association. In present study those who were taking meat more than once a week had less percentage of anaemia 38 (36.9). Those respondents who never took green leafy vegetables have more prevalence of anaemia in both areas. All were statistically associated. Conclusions: Anaemia which is a very serious problem in adolescent girls requires urgent action and practicable interventions

scholarly journals Characterization of Intestinal Parasitosis in Pregant Women at Ram Janaki Hospital, Janakpurdham

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 91-103
Author(s):  
Khushbu Yadav ◽  
Satyam Prakash ◽  
Basant Kumar Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Plastic Container ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Intestinal Parasitosis

Objectives: The objective of this study was designed to focus the prevalence, detection and identification of intestinal parasites and its associated factors among pregnant women. Methods: Total 264 stool samples were collected in a labeled dry, clean disinfectant free wide mouthed plastic container during antenatal visits at Ram Janaki Hospital, Janakpurdham and were examined by macroscopically and microscopically. The detection and identification of protozoal cysts, oocysts, trophozoites and helminthic eggs or larva was done by wet preparation and formalether sedimentation concentration technique. The data was analysed using SPSS 20 version and Microsoft Excel 2007. A Chi-square test was performed to predict the parasite detection using predictor variables. The p-values <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The prevalence of intestinal parasitosis among pregnant women was 42%. There was positive association of symptoms of intestinal parasitosis among pregnant women (p < 0.05). The most predominant intestinal parasites among study participants were E. histolytica (20%) slightly dropped by G. lamblia (16%) followed by Hook worm (13%) and A. lumbricoides (11%). The correlation between all the variables with intestinal parasites presence and absence was statistically significant (p<0.05) but statistically insignificant for age and consumption of green leafy vegetables (p>0.05). Conclusion: The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitosis was relatively moderate. Lack of awareness, low hygienic and sanitation habits regarding parasitic infections were the major determinant factors for higher prevalence. Improving sanitation, awareness creation and public health programes should be organized at regular interval in community.  

scholarly journals IMPACT OF NUTRITION DURING PREGNANCY UPON HEALTH OF PREGNANT WOMEN

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 188-195
Author(s):  
Pratiksha Mishra ◽  
Nirmal Kaur ◽  
Neha Qumar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Healthy Baby ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Physiological Demands ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All

Pregnancy is a period of considerable physiological and nutritional stress, during which the maternal requirements of almost all the nutrients are greatly increased. Pregnant women are considered as a vulnerable group because of increased physiological demands. Diet during pregnancy is one of the most important factors in achieving a successful outcome of pregnancy in terms of healthy baby and maintenance of her own health, as the overall development of child is determined to a great extent by the type of nourishment it receives right from the conception. By keeping in mind about the importance of nutritional diet the study was conducted with following objectives i.e. to study the knowledge about diet amongst pregnant women as well as diet taken by pregnant women (24 hour dietary recall) health problems among pregnant women as well as comparison between RDA and actual intake of nutrients. Results showed that near about 50% respondents has no idea about which nutrient rich diet should be taken during pregnancy. On the basis of 24 hour dietary recall it was found that more than 60%respondents do not gave importance to the inclusion of pulses, cereal,  green leafy vegetables, fruits and milk in their diet. Besides this it was also found that 63.33 %respondents were having low hemoglobin level. There were 63.33% women having low blood pressure and 16.66% were having high blood pressure. In case of blood sugar level it was found that 60% were having low sugar level and 26.66 % were having high level.

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