Changing trend in nutrition and food consumption predisposes school children to overweight and obesity in Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
Oyebola V Oyesiji ◽  
Israel O Otemuyiwa ◽  
Olumuyiwa S Falade ◽  
Steve RA Adewusi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Changing Trend ◽  
Instant Foods

Background: The consumption of instant foods like pasta and sweetened soft drinks have virtually replaced the traditional diets among children. This changing trend in food consumption could negatively affect the health status of school-aged children. Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of consumption of instant foods (pasta) on anthropometric parameters and nutrient intake among children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Methods: Participants (126 healthy children, 66 boys and 60 girls, aged 4–12 years) were recruited from nursery and primary schools in Ife Central Local Government, Ile-Ife. The anthropometric measurements were taken and participants were classified based on body mass index (BMI) percentiles. A food frequency questionnaire was administered to evaluate participants’ pasta consumption patterns, while food intakes were obtained through 24-h dietary recall. The samples of food consumed by the children were analyzed for their nutrient contents. Nutrient intake was calculated using the data obtained from 24-h dietary recall and the results were compared with the recommended dietary allowances. Results: The average estimated energy intakes were 6167 kJ and 6095 kJ for male and female participants, respectively. The energy intake per kg body weight increased with increasing frequency of the consumption of pasta. There was a positive correlation ( r = 0.873 and 0.998 at P ≤ 0.05 for male and female participants, respectively) between energy intake and weight. The BMI classification showed that 12% of males and 17% of females were overweight or obese. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the consumption of pasta could predispose children to overweight/obesity.

scholarly journals Effects of active commuting and leisure-time exercise on appetite in individuals with overweight and obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 941-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Salling Quist ◽  
Martin Bæk Blond ◽  
Anne Sofie Gram ◽  
Carina Bjørnskov Steenholt ◽  
Charlotte Janus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Active Commuting ◽  
Vigorous Intensity ◽  
Ad Libitum

Acute exercise is associated with a transient suppression of appetite. The effects of regular exercise on appetite are not well understood. We aimed to determine the effects of active commuting and leisure-time exercise on appetite. One hundred thirty physically inactive women and men (20–45 yr) with overweight and obesity were randomized to 6 mo of habitual lifestyle (CON, n = 18), active commuting (BIKE, n = 35), or leisure-time exercise of moderate [MOD, 50% peak oxygen uptake (V̇o2peak)-reserve, n = 39] or vigorous (VIG, 70% V̇o2peak-reserve, n = 38) intensity. Appetite ratings, acylated ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and glucagon were assessed in the basal state and in response to meal and exercise challenges at baseline and 3 and 6 mo. Ad libitum energy intake was determined during test meals. Data from 90 participants (per protocol) were available, and results are comparisons with CON. At 3 mo, ad libitum energy intake was lower in VIG (−22%, P < 0.01), basal glucagon was lower in BIKE ( P < 0.05) and VIG ( P = 0.01), and postprandial ratings of prospective food consumption were lower in MOD ( P = 0.02) and VIG ( P < 0.001). In VIG, ratings of hunger ( P = 0.01) and prospective food consumption ( P = 0.03) were lower after acute exercise at 3 mo. At 6 mo, basal and postprandial GLP-1 were higher ( P ≤ 0.04) whereas postexercise PYY was lower ( P = 0.03) in VIG and postexercise CCK was lower in BIKE ( P = 0.03). Vigorous-intensity exercise training leads to a transient suppression of energy intake and subjective appetite (3 mo) but a more long-term increase in basal and postprandial GLP-1 (6 mo) in individuals with overweight and obesity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first randomized controlled trial, to our knowledge, investigating long-term effects of exercise domain and intensity on subjective and hormonal markers of appetite and ad libitum energy intake in individuals with overweight and obesity. Appetite was assessed in response to meal and exercise challenges at baseline and at 3 and 6 mo. Anorexigenic effects of exercise vary with the duration of intervention and are restricted to regular leisure-time exercise of vigorous intensity in individuals with overweight and obesity.

scholarly journals Food consumption and nutrient intake in Finnish 1–6-year-old children

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (6A) ◽  
pp. 947-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pipsa Kyttälä ◽  
Maijaliisa Erkkola ◽  
Carina Kronberg-Kippilä ◽  
Heli Tapanainen ◽  
Riitta Veijola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cereal Products ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Prediction And Prevention

AbstractObjectiveTo study food consumption and nutrient intake in Finnish children aged 1–6 years and to assess the effect of age and sex on food consumption and nutrient intake.DesignCross-sectional samples of children participating in the Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) birth cohort study in Finland.SubjectsThe study population comprised healthy children recruited in the nutrition study within the DIPP study in 1998–2003. Three-day food records (2535 in total) from 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 6-year-old children were kept between the years 2003 and 2005.ResultsThe energy-adjusted consumption of fruits and berries, cereal products, infant formulas and meat dishes was higher and the consumption of vegetables, salads, breads, dairy products, fat spreads, drinks, sweets and sugar was lower among 1-year-old children than older age groups (P for all <0·05). The mean daily energy intake increased with age and was higher among boys than girls in all age groups, except among the 2-year-olds (P for all <0·05). The diet of the 2–6-year-old children contained too much saturated fat and sucrose, and too little PUFA compared with the current Nordic Nutrition Recommendations. The intakes of most vitamins and minerals met the recommendations. However, the intakes of vitamin D, E and iron fell below the recommended levels. The nutrient density of the diet decreased after the age of 1 year at the time that the children adapted to the regular family diet.ConclusionsIn order to improve the diet of young children, it is essential to evaluate the diet of the whole family.

scholarly journals Estimating usual intakes mainly affects the micronutrient distribution among infants, toddlers and pre-schoolers from the 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1017-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Piernas ◽  
Donna R Miles ◽  
Denise M Deming ◽  
Kathleen C Reidy ◽  
Barry M Popkin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
National Health ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Mexican Children ◽  
Usual Intake

AbstractObjectiveTo compare estimates from one day with usual intake estimates to evaluate how the adjustment for within-person variability affected nutrient intake and adequacy in Mexican children.DesignIn order to obtain usual nutrient intakes, the National Cancer Institute’s method was used to correct the first 24 h dietary recall collected in the entire sample (n 2045) with a second 24 h recall collected in a sub-sample (n 178). We computed estimates of one-day and usual intakes of total energy, fat, Fe, Zn and Na.Setting2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey.SubjectsA total of 2045 children were included: 0–5·9 months old (n 182), 6–11·9 months old (n 228), 12–23·9 months old (n 537) and 24–47·9 months old (n 1098). From these, 178 provided an additional dietary recall.ResultsAlthough we found small or no differences in energy intake (kJ/d and kcal/d) between one-day v. usual intake means, the prevalence of inadequate and excessive energy intake decreased somewhat when using measures of usual intake relative to one day. Mean fat intake (g/d) was not different between one-day and usual intake among children >6 months old, but the prevalence of inadequate and excessive fat intake was overestimated among toddlers and pre-schoolers when using one-day intake (P<0·05). Compared with usual intake, estimates from one day yielded overestimated prevalences of inadequate micronutrient intakes but underestimated prevalences of excessive intakes among children aged >6 months.ConclusionsThere was overall low variability in energy and fat intakes but higher for micronutrients. Because the usual intake distributions are narrower, the prevalence of inadequate/excessive intakes may be biased when estimating nutrient adequacy if one day of data is used.

scholarly journals Relationship of Teacher’s Role and Nutrient Intake with Obesity in Elementary School Student at Medan Maimun Sub-district, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desty Adinda ◽  
Etti Sudaryati ◽  
Evawany Aritonang ◽  
Ernawati Nasution
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Elementary School Student ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Teacher’S Role ◽  
Teacher's Role

Obesity is a problem of excessive fat accumulation and has a serious effect on health. The prevalence of overweight and obesity are in the children to increase significantly in the world. The objectives of this research are to analyze the relationships between teacher’s role and nutrient intake with obesity in elementary school student at Medan Maimun Sub-district. The research design uses a cross-sectional study, has taken location at Elementary School in Medan Maimun sub-district.  Samples were taken by simple random sampling of 120 students. Data were collected by using questionnaires, form food recall 2x24 hours, and BMI for age. Data analyzed using Chi-Square test. The result showed as 22,5% children were obese; the teacher’s role were majority low (75%),  and energy intake is under intake level Recommended Daily Allowance (55%). Bivariate analysis showed there is relation between teacher’s role with obesity (p=0.008), energy intake (p=0.007) and fat intake (p=0.038) with obesity. Intake of protein (p=0.739) and carbohydrate (p=0.540) are not related with obesity. The management of obesity in children is recommended to change children’s diet and lifestyle with family and teachers support at school.

Contribution of away-from-home food to the energy and nutrient intake among Brazilian adolescents

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ilana N Bezerra ◽  
Hituanna BN Medeiros ◽  
Amanda de Moura Souza ◽  
Rosely Sichieri
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Main Portion ◽  
Energy And Nutrient Intake

Abstract Objective: To compare the contribution of different food consumption places to the energy and nutrient intake among Brazilian adolescents. Design: We analysed data from the Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents – ERICA, carried out in 2013–2014. Foods were categorised into thirty-three food groups. Energy, nutrients and food groups were analysed according to home, public and private schools, and other places of foods consumption. Linear regression models were used to test the association between eating away from home and nutrient intake. Setting: Brazilian public and private schools. Participants: All adolescents who had undergone anthropometric evaluation and provided information through the questionnaires, including the 24-h recall (n 71 740). Results: The main portion of energy intake per day was consumed within the adolescent households (8112·776 kJ (1939 kcal), 95 % CI 1892, 1985). Away-from-home eating was reported by 52 % of students in a given day, but it contributed to only 15 % of total energy intake. This contribution was mainly due to high energy-dense food intake. The percentage contribution of foods consumed at public school and other places was very similar with respect to nutrients. However, food consumption at other places meant less intake of protein, fibre and Fe, in addition to increasing the intake of added sugar and fats. Conclusions: The frequency of food consumption outside the home by adolescents is high, although the main contribution to energy intake occurs at home, and despite the similarity of nutrients consumed in school and restaurants, the latter tends to worsen the nutritional quality of meals.

Characterizing energy intake misreporting and its effects on intake estimations, in the Portuguese adult population

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1031-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vânia Magalhães ◽  
Milton Severo ◽  
Duarte Torres ◽  
Elisabete Ramos ◽  
Carla Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Portuguese Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Covariate Information ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Activity Survey

AbstractObjective:The aim of the current study was to evaluate energy intake misreporting prevalence, its associated factors and its effects on nutrient intake, in the Portuguese population aged from 18 to 84 years.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:Portugal.Subjects:Adults participants from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey, IAN-AF, 2015–2016, who provided two complete 24 h dietary recall and complete covariate information.Results:Under, plausible and over-reporters were identified according to the Goldberg method. Total misreporting prevalence was 29·9 %, being 28·5 % of under-reporting and 1·4 % of over-reporting. The current study found higher odds of being classified as an under-reporter especially in participants with higher BMI and in those who self-reported health perception status as non-favourable. Energy intake estimation increases by 853.5 kJ/d (204 kcal/d) when misreporters are excluded, and the same tendency is observed for macro and micronutrients. It is worth mentioning that the prevalence of inadequacy for protein intake decreases by about 5 % when considering plausible reporters.Conclusions:The exclusion of misreporters has a small impact on the crude energy and nutrient estimates as well as on assessing the contribution of nutrients to total energy intake. However, a moderate impact was observed in the estimation of nutrient inadequacy prevalence.

scholarly journals Refinement and validation of an FFQ developed to estimate macro- and micronutrient intakes in a south Indian population

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romaina Iqbal ◽  
Kamalasanan Ajayan ◽  
Ankalmadagu V Bharathi ◽  
Xiaohe Zhang ◽  
Shofiqul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Error Sources ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Food Items ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Recall Data ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

AbstractObjectivePotential error sources in nutrient estimation with the FFQ include inaccurate or biased recall and overestimation or underestimation of intake due to too many or too few items on the FFQ, respectively. Here we report the refinement of an FFQ that overestimated nutrient intake and its validation against multiple 24 h recalls.Study designData on 2527 participants in south India (Trivandrum) were available for the original FFQ (OFFQ) that overestimated nutrient intake (132 food items). After excluding participants with implausible energy intake estimates (<2·72 MJ/d (<650 kcal/d), >15·69 MJ/d (>3750 kcal/d)) we ran stepwise regression analyses with selected nutrients as the outcomes and food intake (servings/d) as predictor variables (n1867). From these results and expert consultation we refined the FFQ (RFFQ), and validated it by comparing intakes obtained with it and the mean of two 24 h recalls among 100 participants.ResultsThe OFFQ overestimated usual daily nutrient intake before and after exclusions [for energy: 13·39 (sd5·46) MJ (3201 (sd1305) kcal) and 10·96 (sd2·65) MJ (2619 (sd634) kcal), respectively]. In stepwise analyses, fifty-seven food items explained 90 % of the variance in nutrients; we retained thirteen food items because participants consumed them at least twice monthly and twelve food items that local nutritionists recommended. Mean energy intake estimated from the RFFQ (eighty-two food items) was 7·94 (sd2·05) MJ (1897 (sd489) kcal). The de-attenuated correlations between mean 24 h recall and RFFQ intakes ranged from 0·25 (vitamin A) to 0·82 (fat).ConclusionWe refined an FFQ that overestimated nutrient intake by shortening and redesigning, and validated it by comparisons with 24 h dietary recall data.

Influence of Maternal Education on Food Consumption and Energy and Nutrient Intake in a Group of Pre-School Children from Madrid

2003 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navia ◽  
Ortega ◽  
Requejo ◽  
Perea ◽  
López-Sobaler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
School Children ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Dietary Adequacy ◽  
Consumption Energy ◽  
Maternal Educational Level ◽  
Energy And Nutrient Intake

A study was conducted on the influence of maternal education level on food consumption, energy and nutrient intake, and dietary adequacy in 110 pre-school children from Madrid, Spain. With increasing maternal education, children consumed more sugar (p < 0.05), fruit (p < 0.05), and fish (p < 0.05). Snacking was more frequent with decreasing maternal education (p < 0.05). Though statistical significance was not reached, the consumption of pre-cooked foods was greater among children of mothers educated to a higher level, a phenomenon probably related to the work situation of these women. With respect to dietary composition, no significant differences were found between groups for macronutrient, fiber and energy intakes, except for energy supplied by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which was greater in the children of less educated women (p < 0.01). This is probably due to their greater consumption of sunflower seed oil. The diets of children belonging to well-educated mothers came closer to meeting the recommended intakes for folate, vitamin C, and iodine. It would seem that maternal educational level influences the food habits of children. Mothers with less education may require special advice in this area.

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