Comparison of aspartame- and sugar-sweetened soft drinks on postprandial metabolism

2021 ◽  
pp. 026010602110574
Author(s):  
Regis C. Pearson ◽  
Edward S. Green ◽  
Alyssa A. Olenick ◽  
Nathan T. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Carbohydrate Oxidation ◽  
Mixed Meal ◽  
Postprandial Metabolism ◽  
Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Aim: We compared the impact of artificially- and sugar-sweetened beverages co-ingested with a mixed meal on postprandial fat and carbohydrate oxidation, blood glucose, and plasma insulin and triglyceride concentrations. Methods: Eight college-aged, healthy males completed three randomly assigned trials, which consisted of a mixed macronutrient meal test with 20oz of Diet-Coke (AS), Coca-Cola (NS), or water (CON). One week separated each trial and each participant served as his own control. Resting energy expenditure (REE) via indirect calorimetry, blood pressure, and blood samples were obtained immediately before, 5, 10, 30, 60, 120, and 180 min after meal and beverage ingestion. A two-way (treatment × time) repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted to assess REE, fat and carbohydrate oxidation rates, blood glucose, and plasma insulin and triglyceride concentrations. Results: There was a significant main effect of treatment on total fat oxidation (P = 0.006), fat oxidation was significantly higher after AS (P = 0.006) and CON (P = 0.001) compared to following NS. There was a significant main effect of treatment on total carbohydrate oxidation (P = 0.005), carbohydrate oxidation was significantly lower after AS (P = 0.014) and CON (P = 0.001) compared to following NS. Plasma insulin concentration AUC was significantly lower after AS (P = 0.019) and trended lower in CON (P = 0.054) compared to following NS. Conclusion: Ingestion of a mixed meal with an artificially-sweetened beverage does not impact postprandial metabolism, whereas a sugar-sweetened beverage suppresses fat oxidation and increases carbohydrate oxidation compared to artificially-sweetened beverage and water.

Prolonged fasting significantly changes nutrient oxidation and glucose tolerance after a normal mixed meal

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy J. Horton ◽  
James O. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Carbohydrate Oxidation ◽  
Prolonged Fasting ◽  
Mixed Meal ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Postprandial Metabolism ◽  
Prolonged Fast ◽  
G 12

The aim of this study was to establish the experimental paradigm of fasting, followed by refeeding, to investigate individual differences in nutrient partitioning. Eight nonobese men were fed a normal meal (25% of daily energy requirements) on two occasions, after an overnight (13-h) fast and after a prolonged (72-h) fast. During the entire fasting period, subjects were resident in a whole room indirect calorimeter, and blood samples were drawn periodically. Because no other food was consumed over the 12 h after either meal, negative energy balance was observed after the overnight and prolonged fast. Postprandial carbohydrate oxidation was significantly reduced after the 72- vs. 13-h fast ( P < 0.0001), whereas fat oxidation was significantly increased ( P < 0.0001). Interestingly, carbohydrate balance was positive after the prolonged fast but negative after the overnight fast (24 ± 17 vs. −57 ± 16 g/12 h, respectively; P < 0.001), whereas fat balance was negative under both conditions (−78 ± 7 vs. −47 ± 8 g/12 h, respectively; P < 0.002). With 72 h of fasting, the glucose and insulin excursions in response to the mixed meal were significantly greater compared with the 13-h fast ( P < 0.001). In conclusion, prolonged fasting resulted in a significant decrease in carbohydrate oxidation and an increase in fat oxidation, after a normal mixed meal, in healthy men. This was associated with a significant decrease in glucose tolerance. Because circulating free fatty acids were greatly elevated at all times after the prolonged fast, these may be mediating some of the changes in postprandial metabolism.

Effect of intravenous glucose and euglycemic insulin infusions on short-term appetite and food intake

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (3) ◽  
pp. R596-R603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian M. Chapman ◽  
Elizabeth A. Goble ◽  
Gary A. Wittert ◽  
John E. Morley ◽  
Michael Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mixed Meal ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Treatment Type ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Altered Blood ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

To investigate the short-term effects of insulin on feeding, 14 fasting, young adults received 150-min euglycemic intravenous infusions of control (C), low-dose (LD, 0.8 mU ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1), and high-dose (HD, 1.6 mU ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1) insulin and ate freely from a buffet meal during the last 30 min. Steady-state preprandial plasma insulin concentrations were 5.9 ± 0.7 (C), 47 ± 2 (LD), and 95 ± 6 (HD) μU/ml and increased 56–59 μU/ml during the meal. No effect of treatment type on hunger or fullness ratings, duration of eating, or the weight, energy content (1,053 ± 95 kcal, C; 1,045 ± 101 kcal, LD; 1,066 ± 107 kcal, HD; P = 0.9), and composition of food eaten was observed. On a fourth study day, 12 of the subjects received an intravenous infusion of glucose only (Glc) that was identical to the glucose infusion on their HD insulin day. Mean venous glucose concentration was 9.3 ± 0.5 mmol [ P < 0.001 vs. C (5.3 ± 0.1), LD (5.2 ± 0.2), and HD (5.2 ± 0.2)], and plasma insulin increased to 45 ± 2.3 μU/ml at the start and 242 ± 36 μU/ml at the end of the meal. Energy intake during the meal was (∼15%) reduced (1,072 ± 97 kcal, C; 1,086 ± 102 kcal, LD; 1,088 ± 105 kcal, HD; 919 ± 115 kcal, Glc; P < 0.05 Glc vs. C, LD, and HD). Plasma insulin normally increases to ∼100 μU/ml after a mixed meal in lean subjects. Therefore, in the absence of altered blood glucose concentrations, physiological concentrations of insulin are unlikely to play a role in meal termination and the short-term control of appetite.

Substrate usage during prolonged exercise following a preexercise meal

1985 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. Coyle ◽  
A. R. Coggan ◽  
M. K. Hemmert ◽  
R. C. Lowe ◽  
T. J. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Carbohydrate Oxidation ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Substrate Usage ◽  
Normal Increase ◽  
Transient Elevation

The effect of a high-carbohydrate meal 4 h before 105 min of exercise at 70% of maximal O2 uptake was determined in seven endurance-trained cyclists and compared with exercise following a 16-h fast. The preexercise meal produced a transient elevation of plasma insulin and blood glucose, which returned to fasting basal levels prior to the initiation of exercise. The meal also resulted in a 42% elevation (P less than 0.05) of glycogen within the vastus lateralis at the beginning of exercise. The 1st h of exercise when subjects were fed was characterized by a 13–25% decline (P less than 0.05) in blood glucose concentration, a suppression of the normal increase in plasma free fatty acids and blood glycerol, and a 45% (P less than 0.05) greater rate of carbohydrate oxidation compared with exercise when subjects were fasted. After 105 min of exercise, there were no significant differences when subjects were fed or fasted regarding blood glucose levels, rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or muscle glycogen concentration. The greater muscle glycogen utilization (97 +/- 18 vs. 64 +/- 8 mmol glucosyl units X kg-1; P less than 0.05) and carbohydrate oxidation when subjects were fed appeared to be derived from the glycogen synthesized following the meal. These results indicate that preexercise feedings alter substrate availability despite a return of plasma insulin to fasting levels prior to exercise and that these effects persist until the 2nd h of exercise.

scholarly journals Reduced glycaemic and insulinaemic responses following isomaltulose ingestion: implications for postprandial substrate use

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (10) ◽  
pp. 1408-1413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith G. P. van Can ◽  
T. Herman IJzerman ◽  
Luc J. C. van Loon ◽  
Fred Brouns ◽  
Ellen E. Blaak
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Mixed Meal ◽  
Substrate Use ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
The Impact

The impact of slow digestible sources of dietary carbohydrate in reducing the risk of developing obesity and related metabolic disorders is unclear. The aim of the present study was to compare the postprandial metabolic response to the ingestion of sucrose v. isomaltulose. We hypothesised that the reduced digestion and absorption rate of isomaltulose would result in lower glycaemic and insulinaemic responses when compared with the ingestion of sucrose, leading to greater postprandial fat oxidation rates. In a randomised, single-blind, cross-over study, ten overweight subjects ingested two different carbohydrate drinks (sucrose and isomaltulose, 75 g carbohydrate equivalents) following an overnight fast (08.40 hours) and with a standardised meal (12.30 hours, 25 % of total energy content was provided as either a sucrose or isomaltulose drink). Blood samples were taken before ingestion and every 30 min thereafter for a period of 3 h, substrate use was assessed by indirect calorimetry and breath samples were collected. Ingestion of carbohydrates with a mixed meal resulted in a lower peak glucose and insulin response and a lower change in area under the curve (ΔAUC) following isomaltulose when compared with sucrose. Together with the lower glucose and insulin responses, postprandial fat oxidation rates were higher (14 %) with isomaltulose when compared with sucrose when ingested with a mixed meal (P = 0·02). The attenuated rise in glucose and insulin concentrations following isomaltulose results in reduced inhibition of postprandial fat oxidation. The metabolic response to isomaltulose co-ingestion suggests that this may represent an effective nutritional strategy to counteract overweight-induced metabolic disturbances.

The impact of ANG II and IV on INS-1 cells and on blood glucose and plasma insulin

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Siebelmann ◽  
J. Wensing ◽  
E. J. Verspohl
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Reduced glycaemic and insulinaemic responses following trehalose and isomaltulose ingestion: implications for postprandial substrate use in impaired glucose-tolerant subjects

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (7) ◽  
pp. 1210-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith G. P. van Can ◽  
Luc J. C. van Loon ◽  
Fred Brouns ◽  
Ellen E. Blaak
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Mixed Meal ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Metabolite Concentrations ◽  
Glucose Tolerant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Single Blind

The impact of slowly digestible sugars in reducing the risk of developing obesity and related metabolic disorders remains unclear. We hypothesised that such carbohydrates (CHO), resulting in a lower glycaemic and insulinaemic response, may lead to greater postprandial fat oxidation rates in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). The present study intends to compare the postprandial metabolic responses to the ingestion of glucose (GLUC) v. trehalose (TRE) and sucrose (SUC) v. isomaltulose (IMU). In a randomised, single-blind, cross-over design, ten overweight IGT subjects were studied four times, following ingestion of different CHO drinks either at breakfast or in combination with a mixed meal at lunch. Before and 3 h after CHO ingestion, energy expenditure, substrate utilisation and circulating metabolite concentrations were determined. Ingestion of CHO drinks with a meal resulted in an attenuated rise in GLUC ( − 33 %) and insulin ( − 14 %) concentrations following TRE when compared with GLUC and following IMU, an attenuation of 43 and 34 % when compared with SUC ingestion, respectively. Additionally, there was less inhibition of the rise in NEFA concentrations and less decline in postprandial fat oxidation (22 %) after IMU when compared with SUC, whereas TRE did not differ from GLUC. The attenuated rise in GLUC and insulin concentrations following IMU ingestion attenuated the postprandial inhibition of fat oxidation compared with SUC when co-ingested with a meal. This suggests that exchange of SUC in the diet for IMU may result in a more favourable metabolic response and may help to reduce the risks associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Maternal Magnesium Sulfate Supplementation in a Pre-Farrow Diet Improves Factors Important for Piglet Viability

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Plush ◽  
Alice Weaver ◽  
Lauren Staveley ◽  
William van Wettere
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Magnesium Sulfate ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Large White ◽  
Human Data ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

Piglet hypoxia during farrowing is common and can lead to increased stillbirth rates, reduced piglet vitality, and an increased risk of preweaning mortality. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) has successfully been used as a neuroprotectant and readily crosses the placenta in humans. Based on this human data, the aim of this study was to determine if maternal dietary supplementation with MgSO4 prior to farrowing would reduce the impact of piglet hypoxia during the peri-natal period. Five days prior to farrowing, Large White × Landrace sows were fed either standard lactation sow diet (Cont; n = 30) or lactation diet supplemented to deliver 21 g/day MgSO4 (Mg; n = 31). There was no effect of treatment on the percentage of stillborn piglets (p > 0.05). However, Mg piglets tended to have higher vitality scores immediately after birth (p < 0.10), were quicker to suck, and had higher day one blood glucose concentrations when compared with Cont piglets (p < 0.05). Furthermore, hypoxic piglets born to Cont sows did not gain weight from birth to 24 h, but Mg piglets did (p < 0.05), suggesting improved colostrum ingestion. In conclusion, MgSO4 may reduce the negative impacts of birth hypoxia, improving piglet vitality, and colostrum intake during the peri-natal period.

The Impact of Endorsing the Belief in a Just World on Social Judgments

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Testé ◽  
Samantha Perrin
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Social Utility ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Social Judgments ◽  
Just World ◽  
The Social ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Impact

The present research examines the social value attributed to endorsing the belief in a just world for self (BJW-S) and for others (BJW-O) in a Western society. We conducted four studies in which we asked participants to assess a target who endorsed BJW-S vs. BJW-O either strongly or weakly. Results showed that endorsement of BJW-S was socially valued and had a greater effect on social utility judgments than it did on social desirability judgments. In contrast, the main effect of endorsement of BJW-O was to reduce the target’s social desirability. The results also showed that the effect of BJW-S on social utility is mediated by the target’s perceived individualism, whereas the effect of BJW-S and BJW-O on social desirability is mediated by the target’s perceived collectivism.

THE EFFECT OF THE PROGESTOGEN ETHYNODIOL DIACETATE ON GLUCOSE, INSULIN, AND GROWTH HORMONE AFTER SIX MONTHS TREATMENT

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. N. Spellacy ◽  
W. C. Buhi ◽  
S. A. Birk
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Ethynodiol Diacetate ◽  
Tolerance Curve

ABSTRACT Seventy-one women were treated with a daily dose of 0.25 mg of the progestogen ethynodiol diacetate. They were all tested with a three-hour oral glucose tolerance test before beginning the steroid and then again during the sixth month of use. Measurements were made of blood glucose and plasma insulin and growth hormone levels. There was a significant elevation of the blood glucose levels after steroid treatment as well as a deterioration in the tolerance curve in 12.9% of the women. The plasma insulin values were also elevated after drug treatment whereas the fasting ambulatory growth hormone levels did not significantly change. There was a significant association between the changes in glucose and insulin levels and the subject's age, control weight, or weight gain during treatment. The importance of considering the metabolic effects of the progestogen component of oral contraceptives is stressed.

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