scholarly journals Reduced glycaemic and insulinaemic responses following trehalose and isomaltulose ingestion: implications for postprandial substrate use in impaired glucose-tolerant subjects

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (7) ◽  
pp. 1210-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith G. P. van Can ◽  
Luc J. C. van Loon ◽  
Fred Brouns ◽  
Ellen E. Blaak
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Mixed Meal ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Metabolite Concentrations ◽  
Glucose Tolerant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Single Blind

The impact of slowly digestible sugars in reducing the risk of developing obesity and related metabolic disorders remains unclear. We hypothesised that such carbohydrates (CHO), resulting in a lower glycaemic and insulinaemic response, may lead to greater postprandial fat oxidation rates in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). The present study intends to compare the postprandial metabolic responses to the ingestion of glucose (GLUC) v. trehalose (TRE) and sucrose (SUC) v. isomaltulose (IMU). In a randomised, single-blind, cross-over design, ten overweight IGT subjects were studied four times, following ingestion of different CHO drinks either at breakfast or in combination with a mixed meal at lunch. Before and 3 h after CHO ingestion, energy expenditure, substrate utilisation and circulating metabolite concentrations were determined. Ingestion of CHO drinks with a meal resulted in an attenuated rise in GLUC ( − 33 %) and insulin ( − 14 %) concentrations following TRE when compared with GLUC and following IMU, an attenuation of 43 and 34 % when compared with SUC ingestion, respectively. Additionally, there was less inhibition of the rise in NEFA concentrations and less decline in postprandial fat oxidation (22 %) after IMU when compared with SUC, whereas TRE did not differ from GLUC. The attenuated rise in GLUC and insulin concentrations following IMU ingestion attenuated the postprandial inhibition of fat oxidation compared with SUC when co-ingested with a meal. This suggests that exchange of SUC in the diet for IMU may result in a more favourable metabolic response and may help to reduce the risks associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Reduced glycaemic and insulinaemic responses following isomaltulose ingestion: implications for postprandial substrate use

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (10) ◽  
pp. 1408-1413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith G. P. van Can ◽  
T. Herman IJzerman ◽  
Luc J. C. van Loon ◽  
Fred Brouns ◽  
Ellen E. Blaak
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Mixed Meal ◽  
Substrate Use ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
The Impact

The impact of slow digestible sources of dietary carbohydrate in reducing the risk of developing obesity and related metabolic disorders is unclear. The aim of the present study was to compare the postprandial metabolic response to the ingestion of sucrose v. isomaltulose. We hypothesised that the reduced digestion and absorption rate of isomaltulose would result in lower glycaemic and insulinaemic responses when compared with the ingestion of sucrose, leading to greater postprandial fat oxidation rates. In a randomised, single-blind, cross-over study, ten overweight subjects ingested two different carbohydrate drinks (sucrose and isomaltulose, 75 g carbohydrate equivalents) following an overnight fast (08.40 hours) and with a standardised meal (12.30 hours, 25 % of total energy content was provided as either a sucrose or isomaltulose drink). Blood samples were taken before ingestion and every 30 min thereafter for a period of 3 h, substrate use was assessed by indirect calorimetry and breath samples were collected. Ingestion of carbohydrates with a mixed meal resulted in a lower peak glucose and insulin response and a lower change in area under the curve (ΔAUC) following isomaltulose when compared with sucrose. Together with the lower glucose and insulin responses, postprandial fat oxidation rates were higher (14 %) with isomaltulose when compared with sucrose when ingested with a mixed meal (P = 0·02). The attenuated rise in glucose and insulin concentrations following isomaltulose results in reduced inhibition of postprandial fat oxidation. The metabolic response to isomaltulose co-ingestion suggests that this may represent an effective nutritional strategy to counteract overweight-induced metabolic disturbances.

scholarly journals Reduced glycaemic and insulinaemic responses following trehalose ingestion: implications for postprandial substrate use

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (10) ◽  
pp. 1395-1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith G. P. van Can ◽  
T. Herman IJzerman ◽  
Luc J. C. van Loon ◽  
Fred Brouns ◽  
Ellen E. Blaak
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Mixed Meal ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Substrate Use ◽  
Total Energy Content ◽  
Single Blind

The proposed impact of slowly digestible sources of dietary carbohydrate in reducing the risk of developing obesity and related metabolic disorders remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to compare the postprandial metabolic response to the ingestion of glucose v. trehalose. We hypothesised that the reduced digestion and absorption rate of trehalose is accompanied by an attenuated glycaemic and insulinaemic response, leading to a less inhibited postprandial fat oxidation rate. In a randomised, single-blind, cross-over study, ten overweight subjects ingested two carbohydrate drinks (75 g carbohydrate equivalents of trehalose or glucose) following an overnight fast (08.40 hours) and together with a standardised mixed meal (12.30 hours; 25 % total energy content was provided as either glucose or trehalose). Blood samples were collected before ingestion and every 30 min thereafter for a period of 3 h; substrate use was assessed by indirect calorimetry and expired breath samples were collected. Ingestion of carbohydrates with a mixed meal resulted in a lower peak glucose response and a lower change in area under the curve (ΔAUC) following trehalose when compared with glucose. Differences in peak insulin response and ΔAUC were observed with trehalose when compared with glucose during the morning and afternoon. These differences were accompanied with a reduced carbohydrate oxidation after trehalose when ingested as a drink, whilst no significant differences in fat oxidation between drink were observed.

scholarly journals Influence of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes on Calcium Handling by Skeletal Muscle: Spotlight on the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Eshima
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Calcium Handling ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
The Impact

Obesity and diabetes have been shown to interfere with energy metabolism and cause peripheral insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. However, recent studies have focused on the effect metabolic insult has on the loss of muscle size, strength, and physical function. Contractile dysfunction has been linked to impaired intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) regulation. In skeletal muscle, [Ca2+]i homeostasis is highly regulated by Ca2+ transport across the sarcolemma/plasma membrane, the golgi apparatus, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), and mitochondria. Particularly, the SR and or mitochondria play an important role in the fine-tuning of this metabolic process. Recent studies showed that obesity and insulin resistance are associated with interactions between the SR and mitochondrial networks (the dynamic tubular reticulum formed by mitochondria), suggesting that metabolic disorders alter Ca2+ handling by these organelles. These interactions are facilitated by specific membrane proteins, including ion channels. This review considers the impact of metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, on the regulation of [Ca2+]i in skeletal muscle. It also discusses the mechanisms by which this occurs, focusing chiefly on the SR and mitochondria networks. A deeper understanding of the effect of metabolic disorders on calcium handling might be useful for therapeutic strategies.

Comparison of aspartame- and sugar-sweetened soft drinks on postprandial metabolism

2021 ◽  
pp. 026010602110574
Author(s):  
Regis C. Pearson ◽  
Edward S. Green ◽  
Alyssa A. Olenick ◽  
Nathan T. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Carbohydrate Oxidation ◽  
Mixed Meal ◽  
Postprandial Metabolism ◽  
Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Aim: We compared the impact of artificially- and sugar-sweetened beverages co-ingested with a mixed meal on postprandial fat and carbohydrate oxidation, blood glucose, and plasma insulin and triglyceride concentrations. Methods: Eight college-aged, healthy males completed three randomly assigned trials, which consisted of a mixed macronutrient meal test with 20oz of Diet-Coke (AS), Coca-Cola (NS), or water (CON). One week separated each trial and each participant served as his own control. Resting energy expenditure (REE) via indirect calorimetry, blood pressure, and blood samples were obtained immediately before, 5, 10, 30, 60, 120, and 180 min after meal and beverage ingestion. A two-way (treatment × time) repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted to assess REE, fat and carbohydrate oxidation rates, blood glucose, and plasma insulin and triglyceride concentrations. Results: There was a significant main effect of treatment on total fat oxidation (P = 0.006), fat oxidation was significantly higher after AS (P = 0.006) and CON (P = 0.001) compared to following NS. There was a significant main effect of treatment on total carbohydrate oxidation (P = 0.005), carbohydrate oxidation was significantly lower after AS (P = 0.014) and CON (P = 0.001) compared to following NS. Plasma insulin concentration AUC was significantly lower after AS (P = 0.019) and trended lower in CON (P = 0.054) compared to following NS. Conclusion: Ingestion of a mixed meal with an artificially-sweetened beverage does not impact postprandial metabolism, whereas a sugar-sweetened beverage suppresses fat oxidation and increases carbohydrate oxidation compared to artificially-sweetened beverage and water.

scholarly journals A high-protein total diet replacement increases energy expenditure and leads to negative fat balance in healthy, normal-weight adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila L P Oliveira ◽  
Normand G Boulé ◽  
Arya M Sharma ◽  
Sarah A Elliott ◽  
Mario Siervo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Balance Study ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Total Diet ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Background High-protein diets and total diet replacements are becoming increasingly popular for weight loss; however, further research is needed to elucidate their impact on the mechanisms involved in weight regulation. Objective The aim of this inpatient metabolic balance study was to compare the impact of a high-protein total diet replacement (HP-TDR) versus a control diet (CON) on select components of energy metabolism in healthy adults of both sexes. Methods The acute intervention was a randomized, controlled, crossover design with participants allocated to 2 isocaloric arms: 1) HP-TDR: 35% carbohydrate, 40% protein, and 25% fat achieved through a nutritional supplement; 2) CON: 55% carbohydrate, 15% protein, and 30% fat. Participants received the prescribed diets for 32 h while inside a whole-body calorimetry unit (WBCU). The first dietary intervention randomly offered in the WBCU was designed to maintain energy balance and the second matched what was offered during the first stay. Energy expenditure, macronutrient oxidation rates and balances, and metabolic blood markers were assessed. Body composition was measured at baseline using DXA. Results Forty-three healthy, normal-weight adults (19 females and 24 males) were included. Compared with the CON diet, the HP-TDR produced higher total energy expenditure [(EE) 81 ± 82 kcal/d, P <0.001], protein and fat oxidation rates (38 ± 34 g/d, P <0.001; 8 ± 20 g/d, P = 0.013, respectively), and a lower carbohydrate oxidation rate (–38 ± 43 g/d, P <0.001). Moreover, a HP-TDR led to decreased energy (–112 ± 85 kcal/d; P <0.001), fat (–22 ± 20 g/d; P <0.001), and carbohydrate balances (–69 ± 44 g/d; P <0.001), and increased protein balance (90 ± 32 g/d; P <0.001). Conclusions Our primary findings were that a HP-TDR led to higher total EE, increased fat oxidation, and negative fat balance. These results suggest that a HP-TDR may promote fat loss compared with a conventional isocaloric diet. These trials were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02811276 and NCT03565510.

scholarly journals Metabolic Perturbations and Severe COVID-19 Disease: Implication of Molecular Pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ersilia Nigro ◽  
Fabio Perrotta ◽  
Rita Polito ◽  
Vito D’Agnano ◽  
Filippo Scialò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
Receptor Modulation ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Impact

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, which can result in serious respiratory illnesses such as pneumonia leading to respiratory failure. It was first reported in Wuhan, Hubei, China, in December 2019 and rapidly spread globally, becoming a pandemic in March 2020. Among comorbidities observed in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, hypertension (68.3%) and type 2-diabetes (30.1%) are the most frequent conditions. Although symptoms are highly heterogeneous (ranging from absence of symptoms to severe acute respiratory failure), patients with metabolic-associated diseases often experience worse COVID-19 outcomes. This review investigates the association between metabolic disorders and COVID-19 severity, exploring the molecular mechanisms potentially underlying this relationship and those that are responsible for more severe COVID-19 outcomes. In addition, the role of the main biological processes that may connect metabolic alterations to SARS-CoV-2 infection such as hyperglycemia, immune system deregulation, ACE-2 receptor modulation, and inflammatory response is described. The impact of metabolic disorders on the prognosis of COVID-19 has major implications in public health especially for countries affected by a high incidence of metabolic diseases.

scholarly journals Poor Efficacy of L-Acetylcarnitine in the Treatment of Asthenozoospermia in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosita A. Condorelli ◽  
Aldo E. Calogero ◽  
Rossella Cannarella ◽  
Filippo Giacone ◽  
Laura M. Mongioi’ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Male Reproductive Function ◽  
Male Reproductive Health ◽  
Type 1 Dm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Single Blind ◽  
Infertile Patients ◽  
Poor Efficacy

Introduction. In recent years, research has focused on the impact that diabetes mellitus (DM) has on male reproductive function. The available evidence has mainly considered type 2 DM (DM2). However, we have previously shown that type 1 DM (DM1) also affects male reproductive health. Given the efficacy of carnitine in the treatment of male infertility, a topic that merits further investigation is its role in the treatment of infertile patients with DM1. Aim. To investigate the efficacy of carnitines for the treatment of asthenozoospermia in DM1 patients. Methods. This was a two-arm single-blind, randomized control trial. The patients enrolled in this study were assigned to the group receiving L-acetylcarnitine (LAC) (1.5 g daily for 4 months) or to the group receiving LAC (same dosage) plus L-carnitine (LC) (2 g daily for 4 months). Serum-glycated hemoglobin levels did not differ significantly after either of the two treatments given. Administration of LAC plus LC showed greater efficacy on progressive sperm motility than single therapy (increase 14% vs. 1% after treatment, respectively). Discussion. The results of this study showed that the administration of LAC plus LC is more effective than the administration of LAC alone. The lower efficacy of LAC alone could be due to the lower overall administered dosage. Alternatively, a selective defect of carnitine transporters at an epididymal level could be hypothesized in patients with DM1. Further studies are needed to clarify this point.

scholarly journals Effects of bariatric surgery on the level of hormones that regulate body weight. What is the basis of success?

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Yur'evna Babenko ◽  
Aleksandr Evgen'evich Neymark ◽  
Kristina Aleksandrovna Anisimova ◽  
Elena Nikolaevna Nikolaevna Grineva Elena Nikolaevna
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Diabetes Incidence ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Regulate Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
The Impact

The growth of obesity and type 2 diabetes incidence has made bariatric surgery a widespread method of treatment. The effectiveness of bariatricoperations in the treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases is thoroughly highlighted in medical literature. However, the resultsof surgery do not always correlate with type of operation. As before, the mechanisms have not been fully studied of how the bariatric surgeryinfluence on insulinresistance, entero-insulin axes, adipokines. Understanding such mechanisms will allow us to determine more precisely theindications relating to surgical treatment, and enhance the effectiveness of surgery in specific patient. The review is focusing on the influence ofvarious types of bariatric surgery on the level of adipokines and incretines that participate in regulation of appetite and of fat and carbohydratemetabolism. The article elaborates modern concepts related to the impact of bariatric operations on metabolic disorders in obesity.

scholarly journals Molecular effects of dietary fatty acids on brain insulin action and mitochondrial function

2019 ◽  
Vol 400 (8) ◽  
pp. 991-1003
Author(s):  
Chantal Chudoba ◽  
Kristina Wardelmann ◽  
André Kleinridders
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Brain Insulin ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Molecular Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Abstract The prevalence of obesity and its co-morbidities such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are tightly linked to increased ingestion of palatable fat enriched food. Thus, it seems intuitive that the brain senses elevated amounts of fatty acids (FAs) and affects adaptive metabolic response, which is connected to mitochondrial function and insulin signaling. This review will address the effect of dietary FAs on brain insulin and mitochondrial function with a special emphasis on the impact of different FAs on brain function and metabolism.

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