scholarly journals The Cultural Techniques of Time Axis Manipulation

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 93-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille Krämer
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Media History ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Time Axis ◽  
Friedrich Kittler ◽  
Flow Of Time

The originality of Kittler is not his preference for technical media, but his insight in the linking of media with the technique of time axis manipulation. The most elementary experience in human existence is the irreversibility of the flow of time. Technology provides a means for channeling this irreversibility. Media are practices that use strategies of spatialization to enable one to manipulate the order of things that progress in time by transforming singular events in reproducible data. Human bodies cannot be seen as media because they are subject to the linearity of time. Are media a priori functioning universals for Friedrich Kittler? The answer is: no. Media history has a beginning (writing) and an end (computer).

Emotion, Anatomy and the Synthetic A Priori

Dialogue ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Hanly
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Logical Analysis ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Synthetic A Priori

Modern philosophy, if it has not settled any other of the chronic disputes that have troubled the history of the subject, appears to have decided once and for all the question of synthetic a priori principles. Logical analysis has demonstrated that synthetic propositions are empirical while a priori propositions are analytical and notational. Nevertheless, a broader survey of the contemporary philosophical scene reveals that the strict meaning of the expression “modern philosophy” above should be rendered “philosophers of one of the current schools of philosophy”. For contemporary European philosophers have not abandoned the notion of synthetic a priori principles altogether. They have modified without abandoning Kant's Copernican discovery of the laws of nature in the human mind. There are, to be sure, two ways of viewing the situation. Either logical analysis has overlooked certain unique phenomena and thus has failed to comprehend the arguments which take their description as premises, or existentialism has persisted in the use of an inadequate logic. The purpose of this paper is to test this issue and in doing so to explore the psychological roots of the idea of synthetic a priori principles. The means adopted is a critical study of the existentialist theory of emotion which claims to have discovered a previously unrecognized basis for synthetic a priori principles in the phenomenelogy of human existence.

scholarly journals ¿Un nuevo a priori histórico? Análisis de propuestas de renovación de las Humanidades centradas en la noción de información

Co-herencia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (33) ◽  
pp. 167-196
Author(s):  
Roberto Rubio ◽  
Pablo Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Friedrich Kittler ◽  
Gilbert Simondon

Este artículo analiza dos proyectos de renovación programática de las Humanidades, los cuales se centran en la noción de información. Consideraremos, por una parte, la propuesta de Friedrich Kittler acerca de un materialismo teórico-informacional, y por otra, la axiomática de las ciencias humanas de Gilbert Simondon. La pregunta que guía nuestro examen crítico es la siguiente: ¿de qué manera, en cada uno de esos proyectos, la noción de información funge como centro para una propuesta renovadora de las Humanidades? Nuestra hipótesis sostiene que hay un común denominador en ambas propuestas, el cual puede formularse en términos foucaultianos del siguiente modo: la información es entendida allí como el a priori histórico actual.

scholarly journals Successful Paranoia: Friedrich Kittler, Lacanian Psychoanalysis, and the History of Science

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-131
Author(s):  
Henning Schmidgen
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Media History ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Hermann Von Helmholtz ◽  
Friedrich Kittler ◽  
History Of ◽  
Conrad Ferdinand Meyer ◽  
History Of The University ◽  
The Media ◽  
Historical Accounts

With studies like Discourse Networks 1800/1900 and Gramophone, Film, Typewriter, Friedrich A. Kittler contributed significantly to transforming the history of media into a vital field of inquiry. This essay undertakes to more precisely characterize Kittler’s historiographical approach. When we look back on his early contributions to studies of the relationship between literature, madness and truth – among others, his doctoral dissertation on the Swiss poet and writer Conrad Ferdinand Meyer – what strikes us is the significance that Jacques Lacan’s structuralist psychoanalysis had in shaping the orientation of Kittler’s later studies. His intensive engagement with Lacan galvanized Kittler’s concern with the question of sex and/or gender in the evolution of the humanities as well as his concern with the media history of the university. At the same time, Kittler’s reliance on Lacan led him to a kind of history that is interested above all in the internal logic of discourse. As we see, for instance, in Kittler’s anecdotic treatment of 19th-century physiologist Hermann von Helmholtz, this historiography does not involve any original research in archives and/or museums. Rather, it builds upon existing historical accounts and focuses its analyses on the issue of symbolic structures. Instead of investigating the history of the material culture of science and technology, what is thereby ultimately reinforced is a philosophical idealism in which knowledge and paranoia become superimposed in and by means of an ‘original syntax’ (Lacan).

Modernism and the Media History of Obscenity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Forster
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Media History ◽  
Media Ecology ◽  
Marshall Mcluhan ◽  
Friedrich Kittler ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
Lady Chatterley's Lover ◽  
The Way

This chapter surveys the history of obscenity in English jurisprudence, from the invention of obscene libel as a crime in the eighteenth century through the 1857 Obscene Publications Act and its 1959 reform. It draws on Marshall McLuhan and Friedrich Kittler to argue that the invention of obscenity, and its subsequent definitions and redefinitions, reflect changes in media ecology and technology. It begins by examining the 1960 trial of D. H. Lawrence’s Lady Chatterley’s Lover, before surveying the history of obscenity, and concluding with readings of the way the technologically mediated character of obscenity is reflected in both James Joyce’s Portrait of the Artist as Young Man and Ian McEwan’s Atonement.

scholarly journals Contribution To The Construction Of The Subject Of Theological Anthropology

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Leszek Kuc
Keyword(s):  
Theological Anthropology ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Philosophical Question ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Copernican Revolution ◽  
Phenomenological Reflection ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Creative Role

"e anthropological upheaval in theology is connected with certain changes in theway of practising philosophy in the (/‰Š and )‚‰Š centuries. Of course, Kant’s revolutionwas of fundamental importance. With regard to the theological anthropologyof K. Rahner’s situation, it can be described as follows: “…this is a criticalreflection, which does not pass to the agenda over Kant’s ‘Copernican revolution,’but draws attention to the creative role of the subject in the process of cognition.A phenomenological reflection leN its mark on Rahner, from which he took overthe conviction that we perceive existence only through consciousness, more precisely:we learn about the structures of existence through the analysis of the givenconsciousness. So here is the source of the transcendental character of Rahneriananthropology. It is simply a reflection on man at the level of a priori conditions,anticipating external experience. "is is not necessarily a chronological order,but certainly a logical one, since every philosophical question about the externalexistence contains a hidden question about the sense of human existence.”

scholarly journals Physicality as a possible key to understanding human nature

2021 ◽  
pp. 162-172
Author(s):  
Zulfiya Z. Ibragimova
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Human Body ◽  
A Priori ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Ontological Status ◽  
Primitive Form ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Human Rationality

The statement about human nature is the subject of numerous discussions, which, however, does not negate the presence of the substrate of its origin, manifestations, specificity, and real dynamics in space and time. In the process of analysis, we find a lot of arguments that confirm this fact, as well as a decent number of counterarguments. In this article, a priori, we proceed from the validity of the existence of the term "human nature", recognizing its ambiguity. Of course, our stated physicality as an aspect of human nature does not exhaust the idea of his nature. The nominal division into soul, spirit, etc. gives us some methodological tools. No more than that. Physicality, in its turn, requires problematization. "Physicality "is a category that denotes what a given human body naturally becomes in the course of its social modifications, so this category can certainly not be considered outside of conjunction with another very important category - "spirituality". These concepts, as well as the phenomena they denote, are interrelated (MORGAN 2006). In our review, there are three main ways to interpret "Physicality". Firstly, it is the only factuality that initially claims the ontological status. Secondly, it is part of a harmonious whole that includes all non-corporeal things. I would like to focus on the third aspect, which includes at least three principles. Thirdly, physicality changes its seemingly simple "fate" dramatically, turning into a problem as a way of human existence. This can be interpreted "as a creative act of overcoming oneself". Only this overcoming of the present self presupposes a reliance on its relevance and reality. This ontologically conditioned event is always self-based. In this sense, the body as a creative phenomenon " never appears just by its own. Yet it is precisely overcoming that is the constitutive feature of human existence. A man is bigger than himself. We can say that the problem is a way of human existence. The problem in the most primitive form can be expressed as "I already want to, but I can't yet". Where does the desire come from if the object of desire (the desired situation) is not yet available? How can you want something that doesn't exist yet and never has? The man himself is a few steps ahead (BUBLIK, 2006). Human rationality is based not only on reflectivity, but also on the ability of a person to operate with ideas that do not have objective visibility (for example, the ultimate category of being). Thus, man proves his metaphysicality: "man's metaphysics expresses not only the presence of the supernatural dimension in man but also his ability to determine himself, to be his own creation". The main methods used in writing the article: the unity of historical and logical, the method of reflection.

scholarly journals Editorial

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Andreas Fickers ◽  
Anne-Katrin Weber
Keyword(s):  
Media History ◽  
Homogeneous Field ◽  
Media Archaeology ◽  
Friedrich Kittler ◽  
History And Theory

Over the last few years, ‘media archaeology’ has evolved from a marginal topic to an academic approach en vogue. Under its banner, conferences and publications bring together scholars from different disciplines who, revisiting the canon of media history and theory, emphasize the necessity for renewed historiographical narratives. Despite, or maybe because of profuse debates, media archaeology remains a loosely defined playground for researchers working at the intersection of history and theory. Far from offering uniform principles or constituting a homogeneous field, its prominent authors – Friedrich Kittler and Wolfgang Ernst, Siegfried Zielinksi, Jussi Parrika and Erkki Huhtamo, to name just a few – distinguish themselves by their heterogeneity regarding methodology and theoretical focus.

HISTORICAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF HERMENEUTICS M. HEIDEGGER

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Vira Dubinina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Philosophical Hermeneutics ◽  
Fundamental Ontology ◽  
Main Work ◽  
The World ◽  
Ontological Foundation

Hermeneutics of presence, developed by M. Heidegger, and possible ways of its further transformation are considered. This tendency was embodied and developed in the project of philosophical hermeneutics H.-G. Gadamer, who focuses not on the analytics of presence, but on the language as a horizon of meaning and understanding. A comparative analysis of these theories shows that the understanding of hermeneutics as an ontological interpretation of presence is completed not only in the framework of ontological discourse, but also in the representation of language as an independent agent, which is also the most developed topos of existence. The analytics of presence is the main content of Heidegger’s main work, and at the same time it should become the basis of the fundamental ontology, which grows directly from such hermeneutics and, in a sense, is its substantive mode. Such a theory is an understanding that is carried out not as an act of thinking, but as a way of staying, a special Dasein modus, which is given not so much epistemologically as existentially. Although Gadamer lacks the required hermeneutic analytics of the language, he never departs from his postulate of the linguistic nature of understanding. For him, the soil on which human existence is built as understanding is initially language, while Heidegger comes to language through speech, which is seen as the existential-ontological foundation of language. Language, according to Gadamer, is an a priori condition for any act of understanding, the space for its implementation and, at the same time, the result, expressed in the total “stipulation” of the world by the word.

scholarly journals Roman Ingarden on Temporal Existence in the Context of Temporality Problems in Phenomenology in the 20th and 21st Centuries

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
Natalya V. Serova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Free Action ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Human Actions ◽  
Flow Of Time ◽  
Nature Of Time ◽  
The Right ◽  
Contemporary Development

Roman Ingarden’s ontic approach to the problem of the temporality of human existence is considered in the context of the phenomenology of the 20th century and its significance in the development of the temporal problems of the 21st century. The author considers the continuity of the study of this theme and, to this purpose, compares the interpretations of the concept “temporality” in the phenomenology of Husserl, Heidegger, and Ingarden. In his concept, Ingarden defines temporal existence not only as a set of time experiences, but also as human actions performed in time. The author identifies the features of consideration of the onticontological question of time in the teachings of Ingarden and Heidegger, and determine the originality of Ingarden’s ideas. Their essence is that, in the ontic sense, time is not derived from experiences, but from human actions. The nature of time manifests itself in the destruction and death of any existence, and human existence as well. Time is not ecstatic in its divided moments of past, present, and future, and, by submitting to it, man loses oneself and becomes similar to an object. The dilemma of two “experiences of time”, which Ingarden’s followers tried to understand and accept one of the opposite positions in relation to time, became the main theme of his teaching. In considering it, Ingarden wanted to show the causes and results of the contradiction of a person’s temporal existence, in order to help one make the right choice and not to commit actions that lead one to lose oneself in the flow of time. The author analyzes the interpretations of the followers and critics of Ingarden’s ontic teaching about the diversity of temporal modalities, and determines the degree of its influence on the prospects for the contemporary development of temporal issues. Each of the modalities of the temporality of a person’s existence expresses a special image of one’s being, and, when changing, it can lead to this person’s transformations. Ingarden assigned a key place in his teaching to free action as a way of embodying the diversity of temporal experiences of a person. These ideas were perceived differently at the turn of the 21st century, and they certainly did not leave indifferent either the critics or the followers of the ontic approach to the study of temporality. If we further study Ingarden’s ideas and apply them to linguistics and psychology, we could find answers to many questions that are of interest to specialists in these fields of knowledge.

scholarly journals Theology and Catastrophe: A (Girardian) Semiotics of Re-Humanization

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-188
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Slow Motion ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Bible ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Charles Peirce ◽  
The Way

Girardian anthropology tells us that the birth of human meaning and its signs are the result of a primitive catastrophe. But if these origins are exposed by the biblical record it is because another, transformative semiosis has opened in human existence. Girard’s seminal remarks on the Greek logos and the logos of John, endorsing Heidegger’s divorce of the two, demonstrate this claim and its source in the nonviolence of the gospel logos. In effect, there is a second catastrophe, one embedded in the bible and reaching its full exposition in the cross, generating a new semiosis in humanity. The transformation may be measured by viewing the original semiosis in a Kantian frame, as a transcendental a priori structured by violence. The second catastrophe generates an equivalent new a priori of nonviolence. The work of Charles Peirce illustrates both the way in which interpretants (of signs) open us progressively to new meanings, and how this process may ultimately be conditioned by love. The catastrophe of the gospel, therefore, works both on the dramatic individual level, with Paul of the New Testament as the great example, but also in slow‑motion over semiotic history, changing the meaning of existence from violence to nonviolence.

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