scholarly journals Physicality as a possible key to understanding human nature

2021 ◽  
pp. 162-172
Author(s):  
Zulfiya Z. Ibragimova
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Human Body ◽  
A Priori ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Ontological Status ◽  
Primitive Form ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Human Rationality

The statement about human nature is the subject of numerous discussions, which, however, does not negate the presence of the substrate of its origin, manifestations, specificity, and real dynamics in space and time. In the process of analysis, we find a lot of arguments that confirm this fact, as well as a decent number of counterarguments. In this article, a priori, we proceed from the validity of the existence of the term "human nature", recognizing its ambiguity. Of course, our stated physicality as an aspect of human nature does not exhaust the idea of his nature. The nominal division into soul, spirit, etc. gives us some methodological tools. No more than that. Physicality, in its turn, requires problematization. "Physicality "is a category that denotes what a given human body naturally becomes in the course of its social modifications, so this category can certainly not be considered outside of conjunction with another very important category - "spirituality". These concepts, as well as the phenomena they denote, are interrelated (MORGAN 2006). In our review, there are three main ways to interpret "Physicality". Firstly, it is the only factuality that initially claims the ontological status. Secondly, it is part of a harmonious whole that includes all non-corporeal things. I would like to focus on the third aspect, which includes at least three principles. Thirdly, physicality changes its seemingly simple "fate" dramatically, turning into a problem as a way of human existence. This can be interpreted "as a creative act of overcoming oneself". Only this overcoming of the present self presupposes a reliance on its relevance and reality. This ontologically conditioned event is always self-based. In this sense, the body as a creative phenomenon " never appears just by its own. Yet it is precisely overcoming that is the constitutive feature of human existence. A man is bigger than himself. We can say that the problem is a way of human existence. The problem in the most primitive form can be expressed as "I already want to, but I can't yet". Where does the desire come from if the object of desire (the desired situation) is not yet available? How can you want something that doesn't exist yet and never has? The man himself is a few steps ahead (BUBLIK, 2006). Human rationality is based not only on reflectivity, but also on the ability of a person to operate with ideas that do not have objective visibility (for example, the ultimate category of being). Thus, man proves his metaphysicality: "man's metaphysics expresses not only the presence of the supernatural dimension in man but also his ability to determine himself, to be his own creation". The main methods used in writing the article: the unity of historical and logical, the method of reflection.

scholarly journals Hakikat Manusia dalam Tasawuf Al-Ghazali

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-135
Author(s):  
Enung Asmaya
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
The Third ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Subject

Sufism is one of the Islamic sciences that specifically addressed the inner truth of a man (hakikat). Human existence is very dependent on the inner side, from this, human could be directed into a positive (taqwa) or negative person (fujur). Moreover, study of this hakikat is usually done through a sufistic approach. Some of the well-known Sufi figures whose worthy of research is Abu Hamid Muhammad al-Ghazali ath-Thusi asy-Shafi’I, commonly called Imam al-Ghazali. The study of the hakikat conducted by Ghazali is very influential on the Islamic world and in fact modern-west. This study uses library research approach using books and literatures on his thoughts especially related to the subject of a man and Sufism. Result from this study shows that according to Ghazali, the concept of hakikat or the inner truth is posits inside an integrated individual soul and body, the soul as determinant of life and body as a container of the soul. If someone’s soul is clean (taqwa) then the body is also become clean (taqwa) and vice versa if his soul is dirty (fujur) then the body is become negative (fujur). Hakikat would be appeared when a man become a ma’rifatullah . The attainment of the soul into ma’rifatullah stage must go through three processes. firstly takhalli , secondly, tahalli and tajalli and the third is al-nafs almuthma’innah which means having a calm and peaceful soul to be always together with the eternal substance.

scholarly journals El Cuerpo como Fábrica y el Cirujano como su Arquitecto / The Body as a Factory and the Surgeon as its Architect

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristóbal Pera
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Human Body ◽  
El Paso ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Expiration Date ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Way

ABSTRACTIf the human body is really a fabric, should surgeons be considered architects, as some surgeons describe themselves today? The author raises and analyzes this question, and he concludes that vsurgeons cannot be considered as such: the architect is the creator of his work —fabric or building—, but the surgeon is not the creator of this complex biological fabric —vulnerable and subject to deterioration and with an expiration date— which is the human body. This body is the object upon which his hands and instruments operate. The surgeon cures and heals wounds, immobilizes and aligns fractured bones in order to facilitate their good and timely repair, and cuts open the body’s surface in order to reach its internal organs. He also explores the body with his hands or instruments, destroys and reconstructs its ailing parts, substitutes vital organs taken from a donor’s foreign body, designs devices or prostheses, and replaces body parts, such as arteries and joints, that are damaged or worn out. In today’s culture, dominated by the desire to perfect the body, other surgeons keep retouching its aging façade, looking for an iconic and timeless beauty. This longing can drive, sometimes, to surgical madness. The surgeon is not capable of putting into motion, from scratch, a biological fabric such as the human body. Thus, he can’t create the subject of his work in the way that an architect can create a building. In contrast, the surgeon restores the body’s deteriorated or damaged parts and modifies the appearance of the body’s façade.RESUMEN¿Si el cuerpo humano fuera realmente una fábrica, podría el cirujano ser considerado su arquitecto, como algunos se pregonan en estos tiempos? Esta es la cuestión planteada por el autor y, a tenor de lo discurrido, su respuesta es negativa: porque así como el arquitecto es el artífice de su obra —fábrica o edificio— el cirujano no es el artífice de la complejísima fábrica biológica —vulnerable, deteriorable y caducable— que es el cuerpo humano, la cual le es dada como objeto de las acciones de sus manos y de sus instrumentos. El cirujano cura y restaña sus heridas, alinea e inmoviliza sus huesos fracturados para que su reparación llegue a buen término, penetra por sus orificios naturales o dibuja sobre la superficie corporal incisiones que le permitan llegar a sus entrañas, las explora con sus manos o mediante instrumentos, destruye y reconstruye sus partes enfermas, sustituye órganos vitales que no le ayudan a vivir por los extraídos de cuerpos donantes, y concibe, diseña y hace fabricar artefactos o prótesis, como recambio fragmentos corporales deteriorados o desgastados, como arterias o articulaciones. Otros cirujanos, en la predominante cultura de la modificación del cuerpo, retocan una y otra vez su fachada envejecida ineludiblemente por el paso del tiempo, empeñados en la búsqueda incesante de una belleza icónica y mediática e intemporal, una pretensión que puede conducir, y a veces conduce, al desvarío quirúrgico. En definitiva, el cirujano es incapaz de poner de pie, ex novo, una fábrica biológica como la del cuerpo humano y, por lo tanto, no puede ser su artífice, como lo es el arquitecto de su edificio. A lo sumo, es el restaurador de sus entrañas deterioradas y el modificador de su fachada, de su apariencia.

THE STUDY OF HUMAN BODY IN NGUYEN DUY’S POETRY

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Thuy Chung Thi
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Deep Impression

Human body is the basement for people’s existence. All human consciousness seems to be resulted from their body. It is regarded as a subject that involved in all human activities and created thoughts as well as human values. Although through Nguyen Duy’s writing career, the poet didn’t intend to use body’s language as one of means of expression. However, the body marked a deep impression in his poetry showing the fundaments of his ideas and feelings of the subject. The language of the body in his poems tended to point out some important issues such as the origin of the body, the body in wars, and the body in poverty.

Speech

2018 ◽  
pp. 177-190
Author(s):  
Thomas Nail
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spatial Description ◽  
The Subject

This chapter argues that the spatial description of being first emerged as historically dominant in the mythology and mythograms of prehistoric and Neolithic peoples, but at the same time was also inscribed on the body of the speaker of those same mythologies through speech. Therefore, the mythological description of being as space also presupposes a kinetic and historical transformation of the human body into a speaking body. The kinetic structure of this new surface of inscription is the subject of the present chapter. The thesis that follows is that the historical coemergence of spatial mythologies explored in the previous chapter and the new kinographic technology of speech follow the same dominantly centripetal field of motion during this time.

A Wojtyłian Reading of Performativity and the Self in Judith Butler

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Franks
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Judith Butler ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Divine Power ◽  
John Paul Ii ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Power Of God

Abstract Drawing on Hegel, Judith Butler argues that the subject is the product of its desire for subject-ion. The subject, its gender, and even the sexed body itself come into being through reiterating or parodying preexisting norms and discourses of power (“performativity”). Butler rejects the realities of substance and a fixed human nature that would limit the possibilities of performativity. I summarize and assess Butler’s proposals, highlighting both the value and the drawbacks of her theory. I then show how John Paul II’s understanding of meaning and of the body as tasks takes up what is positive in Butler. He escapes the pitfalls of her thought, however, by retaining both metaphysics and revelation. He argues that the subject exists as substance or suppositum, which defends it against the encroachment of power. He also insists on the importance of human nature, which makes the human person to be the kind of substance who can form herself through the God-given task of creative action directed toward meaningful self-gift. Lastly, John Paul II emphasizes that the divine power of God enables the person to transcend the power dynamics of the culture of death.

Blind Men Speaking of Colors: Paul's Recollection and the Self-Image of Early Thirteenth-Century Theologians

2014 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-446
Author(s):  
Ayelet Even-Ezra
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
First Person ◽  
Knowledge Of God ◽  
The Third ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Third Person

In the Second Epistle to the Corinthians, Paul writes: It is doubtless not profitable for me to boast. I will come to visions and revelations of the Lord: I know a man in Christ who fourteen years ago—whether in the body I do not know, or whether out of the body I do not know, God knows—such a one was caught up to the third heaven. And I know such a man—whether in the body or out of the body I do not know, God knows—how he was caught up into Paradise and heard inexpressible words, which it is not lawful for a man to utter. Of such a one I will boast; yet of myself I will not boast, except in my infirmities. (2 Cor 12:1–5 nkiv) This brief and enigmatic account is caught between multiple dialectics of power and infirmity, pride and humility, unveiling and secrecy. At this point in his letter Paul is turning to a new source of power in order to establish his authority against the crowd of boasting false apostles who populate the previous paragraphs. He wishes to divulge his intimate, occult knowledge of God, but at the same time keep his position as antihero that is prevalent throughout the epistle. These dialectics are enhanced by a sophisticated play of first and third person. The third person denotes the subject who experienced rapture fourteen years ago, while the first person denotes the narrator in the present. Only after several verses does the reader realize that these two are in fact the same person. This alienation allows Paul the intricate play of boasting, for “of such a one I will boast, yet of myself I will not boast.”

Emotion, Anatomy and the Synthetic A Priori

Dialogue ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Hanly
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Logical Analysis ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Synthetic A Priori

Modern philosophy, if it has not settled any other of the chronic disputes that have troubled the history of the subject, appears to have decided once and for all the question of synthetic a priori principles. Logical analysis has demonstrated that synthetic propositions are empirical while a priori propositions are analytical and notational. Nevertheless, a broader survey of the contemporary philosophical scene reveals that the strict meaning of the expression “modern philosophy” above should be rendered “philosophers of one of the current schools of philosophy”. For contemporary European philosophers have not abandoned the notion of synthetic a priori principles altogether. They have modified without abandoning Kant's Copernican discovery of the laws of nature in the human mind. There are, to be sure, two ways of viewing the situation. Either logical analysis has overlooked certain unique phenomena and thus has failed to comprehend the arguments which take their description as premises, or existentialism has persisted in the use of an inadequate logic. The purpose of this paper is to test this issue and in doing so to explore the psychological roots of the idea of synthetic a priori principles. The means adopted is a critical study of the existentialist theory of emotion which claims to have discovered a previously unrecognized basis for synthetic a priori principles in the phenomenelogy of human existence.

scholarly journals Genes and Spleens: Property, Contract, or Privacy Rights in the Human Body?

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhika Rao
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Privacy Rights ◽  
Human Genes ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law

The legal status of the human body is hotly contested, yet the law of the body remains in a state of confusion and chaos. Sometimes the body is treated as an object of property, sometimes it is dealt with under the rubric of contract, and sometimes it is not conceived as property at all, but rather as the subject of privacy rights. Which body of law should become the law of the body? This question is even more pressing in the context of current biomedical research, which permits commodification and commercialization of the body by everyone except the person who provides the “raw materials.” The lack of property protection for tangible parts of the human body is in stark contrast to the extensive protection granted to intellectual property in the body in the form of patents upon human genes and cell lines. Moreover, even courts that reject ownership claims on the part of those who supply body parts appear willing to grant property rights to scientists, universities, and others who use those body parts to conduct research and create products.

scholarly journals هێرمنيۆتيزه‌كردنى بوونگه‌راييانه‌ى مێژوو له ‌ڕۆمانى (كه‌شتيى فريشته‌كان)ى به‌ختيار عه‌لى- دا

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-441
Author(s):  
ئیبراهیم عبدالرحمن محمود & ئارى عوسمان ڕۆستهم
Keyword(s):  
Human Existence ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Arabic And English ◽  
Concept Of Beauty ◽  
Important Objective

Abstract: This research, which is entitled "Existentialism Interpretation of the history in the story of Angel Ship's by (Bakhtiar Ali)) represents an effort to the study of the historical event through the context of the novel in terms of Existentialism philosophy and based on the Existentialism method of intrtpretation because the novel (Angel`s Ship) is considered as the biggest novel attempt by it`s author so far. The research consists of two sectons and the most important objective that the researcher has reached. The first section consists of two axes. The first one deals with the terminology of history and the ways to define it according ti the scientific criteria while the second one deals with the most important philosophical doctrines and their perspectives with defining it`s terminology. The second section of the research consists of four axes. The first one deal with clarifying the author`s perspective and how to comprehend and present history. The second one is about the historical human existence and the ways to reach this existence. The third one deals with the subject of controlling the history and the human status in this field. The fourth one consists of the concept of beauty nd how to lead it to the safety, followed by the results that have been reached with the list of the different references and abstract in both languages: Arabic and English.

Thinking Materialistically with Locke, Lonzi, and Cavarero

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-106
Author(s):  
Olivia Guaraldo
Keyword(s):  
John Locke ◽  
The Body ◽  
Musical Piece ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ternary Form ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Adriana Cavarero ◽  
The Given ◽  
Bodily Condition

A “scherzo” is a musical piece which traditionally retains the ternary form of the minuet but is considerably quicker. This is a materialist scherzo, since it treats three different authors that are all significantly concerned with the body. John Locke, Carla Lonzi, and Adriana Cavarero present three different modes of narrating sex: the first implicitly, the second explicitly, the third creatively. Cavarero’s relationality, whilst giving a provocatively creative account of orgasm, attributes to sex a grounding function in rethinking the subject. Yet that there is also a political dimension in this carnal account of orgasm. By exploring the possibilities of the given of our bodily condition—an anatomical destination to pleasure that is always relational—this etude defends relational ethics as providing a different perspective on how to imagine social and political forms of co-existence and non-violence, beyond and apart from the naturalized claim to “fundamental hostility.”

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document