scholarly journals Pervasive punishment in a pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 026455052110508
Author(s):  
Ryan Casey ◽  
Fergus McNeill ◽  
Betsy Barkas ◽  
Neil Cornish ◽  
Caitlin Gormley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Health Measures

In this paper, we draw on data from a recent study of how Covid-19 and related restrictions impacted on vulnerable and/or marginalised populations in Scotland (Armstrong and Pickering, 2020), including justice-affected people (i.e. people in prison and under supervision, their families and those that work with them; see Gormley et al., 2020). Focusing here mainly on interviews with people released from prison and others under community-based criminal justice supervision, we explore how the pandemic impacted on their experiences. Reflecting upon and refining previous analyses of how supervision is experienced as ‘pervasive punishment’ ( McNeill, 2019 ), we suggest that both the pandemic and public health measures associated with its suppression have changed the ‘pains’ and ‘gains’ of supervision ( Hayes, 2015 ), in particular, by exacerbating the ‘suspension’ associated with it. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for the pursuit of justice in the recovery from Covid-19.

scholarly journals Adherence to Public Health Measures Mitigates Risk of COVID-19 Infection in Older Adults: A Community-based Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young J. Juhn ◽  
Chung-Il Wi ◽  
Euijung Ryu ◽  
Priya Sampathkumar ◽  
Paul Y. Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Health Measures

scholarly journals Fears of health catastrophe as Nepal reports increasing deaths from COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 001-003
Author(s):  
Chalise Hom Nath
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
First Case ◽  
Increasing Trend

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had affected both developed and developing countries too. The first case in Nepal was confirmed on 23 January 2020. It was also the first recorded case of COVID-19 in South Asia. Nepal reported its first COVID-19 death on May 16. At the end of October, the number of death stood 937 and 1126 on 9 November. In September and October, deaths doubled, and with winter setting in, fatalities may skyrocket. Among the total CP cases in Nepal nearly 50% are from the Capital Kathmandu. So, Kathmandy is the new epicenter of COVID-19 in Nepal. There are no proper community-based isolation centres and ICU beds are also still limited. Due to increasing trend of COVID-19 cases and death people have fear of psychological stress. A study shows at least one symptom of psychological distress whereas 32% suffered from two or more symptoms of psychological distress such as restlessness, fearfulness, anxiety and worry and sadness. Despite limited resources, the government’s major challenges are early diagnosis, management of confirmed cases, contact tracing, and implementing some public health measures to reduce the infection’s transmissibility.

scholarly journals Impact of individual-level characteristics and transmission mitigation behaviors on SARS-CoV-2 infection and seroprevalence in a large Northern California Bay Area cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Adams ◽  
Mary Horton ◽  
Olivia Solomon ◽  
Marcus Wong ◽  
Sean L. Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Northern California ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Large Community ◽  
Bay Area

AbstractComprehensive data on transmission mitigation behaviors and SARS-CoV-2 infection and serostatus are needed from large, community-based cohorts to identify SARS-CoV-2 risk factors and impact of public health measures. From July 2020 to March 2021, ≈5,500 adults from the East Bay Area, California were followed over three data collection rounds. We estimated the prevalence of antibodies from SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination, and self-reported COVID-19 test positivity. Population-adjusted SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was low, increasing from 1.03% (95% CI: 0.50-1.96) in Round 1 (July-September 2020), to 1.37% (95% CI: 0.75-2.39) in Round 2 (October-December 2020), to 2.18% (95% CI: 1.48-3.17) in Round 3 (February-March 2021). Population-adjusted seroprevalence of COVID-19 vaccination was 21.64% (95% CI: 19.20-24.34) in Round 3. Despite >99% of participants reporting wearing masks, non-Whites, lower-income, and lower-educated individuals had the highest SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and lowest vaccination seroprevalence. Our results demonstrate that more effective policies are needed to address these disparities and inequities.

scholarly journals Suppressing COVID-19 transmission in Hong Kong: an observational study of the first four months

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Wu ◽  
Tim K. Tsang ◽  
Jessica Y. Wong ◽  
Tiffany W. Y. Ng ◽  
Faith Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Case Identification ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Case Based

Abstract Background: Hong Kong was one of the first locations outside of mainland China to identify COVID-19 cases in January 2020. We assessed the impact of various public health measures on transmission.Methods: We analysed data on all COVID-19 cases and public health measures in Hong Kong up to 7 May 2020. We described case-based, travel-based and community-based measures and examined their potential effects on case identification and transmission. Changes in transmissibility measured by the effective reproductive number Rt were estimated by comparing the Rt between periods when public health measures were and were not in effect. Delays in case confirmation in imported cases and locally infected cases were analysed to indicate the possible impact of expansion of laboratory testing capacity.Findings: Introduction of a 14-day quarantine on persons arriving from affected areas was associated with a 95% reduction in transmissibility from imported cases. Testing all arriving travelers reduced mean delays between arrival and detection of imported cases. Increases in laboratory testing capacity for pneumonia inpatients and symptomatic outpatients reduced the delay from onset to confirmation. Working from home and physical distancing measures implemented in high-risk facilities were associated with 67% and 58% reductions in transmission of COVID-19, respectively.Interpretation: Suppression of COVID-19 transmission in the first pandemic wave in Hong Kong was achieved through integration of travel-based, case-based and community-based public health measures focusing on early case identification and isolation and physical distancing.

scholarly journals Lifting the lockdown: what are the options for low and middle-income countries?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv Chowdhury ◽  
Shammi Luhar ◽  
Nusrat Khan ◽  
Sohel Reza Choudhury ◽  
Imran Matin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Public ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Low And Middle Income

To limit the social, economic and psychological damage caused by strict social distancing interventions, many low and middle-income countries (LMICs) are seeking to ease restrictions. However, it is unknown what a ‘safe reopening’ entails in LMICs given suboptimal diagnostic and surveillance capabilities. Here we discuss three community-based public health measures (sustained mitigation, zonal lockdown and dynamic rolling lockdowns) which seek to adequately balance the public health and economic priorities. Each of these options have limitations and prerequisites that may be context-specific and should be considered before implementation, including implementation and maintenance costs, social and economic costs, context-specific epidemic growth and the existing health resources.

An alarming rise in rape in Nepal: A 20-year review

2021 ◽  
pp. 002581722199263
Author(s):  
Alok Atreya ◽  
Samata Nepal ◽  
Ritesh G Menezes ◽  
Rolina Dhital
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Sexual Offence ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
The Law

Criminal justice in Nepal is stringent when it deals with cases of sexual offence. The law protects the victims' rights and fast tracks trials. Notwithstanding, there has been an increase in the number of reported cases recently. This study highlights the increasing number of reported rape and attempted rape cases in Nepal over the past 20 years and discusses the public health measures aimed at preventing these crimes.

Risk Attitudes and Behavior Among Norwegian Adolescents

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilde Iversen ◽  
Torbjørn Rundmo ◽  
Hroar Klempe
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Behavior Modification ◽  
Health Programs ◽  
Risk Attitudes ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Public Health Programs ◽  
The Core ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Abstract. The core aim of the present study is to compare the effects of a safety campaign and a behavior modification program on traffic safety. As is the case in community-based health promotion, the present study's approach of the attitude campaign was based on active participation of the group of recipients. One of the reasons why many attitude campaigns conducted previously have failed may be that they have been society-based public health programs. Both the interventions were carried out simultaneously among students aged 18-19 years in two Norwegian high schools (n = 342). At the first high school the intervention was behavior modification, at the second school a community-based attitude campaign was carried out. Baseline and posttest data on attitudes toward traffic safety and self-reported risk behavior were collected. The results showed that there was a significant total effect of the interventions although the effect depended on the type of intervention. There were significant differences in attitude and behavior only in the sample where the attitude campaign was carried out and no significant changes were found in the group of recipients of behavior modification.

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