Impact of CCSVI on cerebral haemodynamics: a mathematical study using MRI angiographic and flow data

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 305-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
LO Müller ◽  
EF Toro ◽  
EM Haacke ◽  
D Utriainen
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Velocity Fields ◽  
Mathematical Study ◽  
Cerebral Haemodynamics ◽  
Collateral Pathways ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Abnormal Anatomy

Background The presence of abnormal anatomy and flow in neck veins has been recently linked to neurological diseases. The precise impact of extra-cranial abnormalities such as stenoses remains unexplored. Methods Pressure and velocity fields in the full cardiovascular system are computed by means of a global mathematical model that accounts for the relationship between pulsating cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure. Results Our model predicts that extra-cranial strictures cause increased pressure in the cerebral venous system. Specifically, there is a predicted pressure increase of about 10% in patients with a 90% stenoses. Pressure increases are related to significant flow redistribution with flow reduction of up to 70% in stenosed vessels and consequent flow increase in collateral pathways. Conclusions Extra-cranial venous strictures can lead to pressure increases in intra-cranial veins of up to 1.3 mmHg, despite the shielding role of the Starling resistor. The long-term clinical implications of the predicted pressure changes are unclear.

The Effects of P75NTR on Learning Memory Mediated by Hippocampal Apoptosis and Synaptic Plasticity

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Jie Tang ◽  
Shuang Feng ◽  
Xing-Dong Chen ◽  
Hua Huang ◽  
Min Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Neurotrophin Receptor ◽  
P75 Neurotrophin Receptor ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Apoptotic Effect ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Relationship

: Neurological diseases bring great mental and physical torture to the patients, and have long-term and sustained negative effects on families and society. The attention to neurological diseases is increasing, and the improvement of the material level is accompanied by an increase in the demand for mental level. The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) is a low-affinity neurotrophin receptor and involved in diverse and pleiotropic effects in the developmental and adult central nervous system (CNS). Since neurological diseases are usually accompanied by the regression of memory, the pathogenesis of p75NTR also activates and inhibits other signaling pathways, which has a serious impact on the learning and memory of patients. The results of studies shown that p75NTR is associated with LTP/LTD-induced synaptic enhancement and inhibition, suggest that p75NTR may be involved in the progression of synaptic plasticity. And its pro-apoptotic effect is associated with activation of proBDNF and inhibition of proNGF, and TrkA/p75NTR imbalance leads to pro-survival or pro-apoptotic phenomena. It can be inferred that p75NTR mediates apoptosis in the hippocampus and amygdale, which may affect learning and memory behavior. This article mainly discusses the relationship between p75NTR and learning memory and associated mechanisms, which may provide some new ideas for the treatment of neurological diseases.

Cognitive Treatment for OCD

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen L. Whittal ◽  
Melisa Robichaud
Keyword(s):  
Term Treatment ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Cognitive Treatment ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Inflated Responsibility ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Of Thoughts

The cornerstone of cognitive treatment (CT) for OCD is based upon the knowledge that unwanted intrusions are essentially a universal experience. As such, it is not the presence of the intrusion that is problematic but rather the associated meaning or interpretation. Treatment is flexible, depending upon the nature of the appraisals and beliefs, but can include strategies focused on inflated responsibility and overestimation of threat, importance and control of thoughts, and the need for perfectionism and certainty. The role of concealment and the relationship to personal values are important maintaining and etiological factors. The short-term and long-term treatment outcome is reviewed, along with predictors of treatment response and mechanisms of action, and the chapter concludes with future directions regarding CT for OCD.

scholarly journals Blending in: A Case Study of Transitional Ambidexterity in the Financial Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1690
Author(s):  
Beniamino Callegari ◽  
Ranvir S. Rai
Keyword(s):  
Financial Sector ◽  
Economic Sustainability ◽  
Organizational Ambidexterity ◽  
Management Literature ◽  
Innovative Capabilities ◽  
Financial Firm ◽  
The Relationship

Organizational ambidexterity is widely recognized as necessary for the economic sustainability of firms operating in the financial sector. While the management literature has recognized several forms of ambidexterity, the relationship between them and their relative merits remain unclear. By studying a process of implementation of ambidextrous capabilities within a large Scandinavian financial firm, we explore the role of top-down reforms and bottom-up reactions in determining the development of sector-specific innovative capabilities. We find that blended ambidexterity follows naturally from the attempt to correct the tensions arising from harmonic ambidextrous blueprints. The resulting blended practice appears to be closely related to the reciprocal model of ambidexterity, which appears to be a necessity rather than a choice, for large firms attempting to develop innovative capabilities. Consequently, we suggest to re-interpret current taxonomies of ambidexterity not as alternative blueprints, but rather as stages in a long-term process of transition.

scholarly journals CO2 dynamics and heterogeneity in a cave atmosphere: role of ventilation patterns and airflow pathways

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lovel Kukuljan ◽  
Franci Gabrovšek ◽  
Matthew D. Covington ◽  
Vanessa E. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Observation Point ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Karst Systems ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Co2 Dynamics ◽  
Global Carbon

AbstractUnderstanding the dynamics and distribution of CO2 in the subsurface atmosphere of carbonate karst massifs provides important insights into dissolution and precipitation processes, the role of karst systems in the global carbon cycle, and the use of speleothems for paleoclimate reconstructions. We discuss long-term microclimatic observations in a passage of Postojna Cave, Slovenia, focusing on high spatial and temporal variations of pCO2. We show (1) that the airflow through the massif is determined by the combined action of the chimney effect and external winds and (2) that the relationship between the direction of the airflow, the geometry of the airflow pathways, and the position of the observation point explains the observed variations of pCO2. Namely, in the terminal chamber of the passage, the pCO2 is low and uniform during updraft, when outside air flows to the site through a system of large open galleries. When the airflow reverses direction to downdraft, the chamber is fed by inlets with diverse flow rates and pCO2, which enter via small conduits and fractures embedded in a CO2-rich vadose zone. If the spatial distribution of inlets and outlets produces minimal mixing between low and high pCO2 inflows, high and persistent gradients in pCO2 are formed. Such is the case in the chamber, where vertical gradients of up to 1000 ppm/m are observed during downdraft. The results presented in this work provide new insights into the dynamics and composition of the subsurface atmosphere and demonstrate the importance of long-term and spatially distributed observations.

scholarly journals Src Family Kinases in the Central Nervous System：Their Emerging Role in Pathophysiology of Migraine and Neuropathic Pain

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingdi Nie ◽  
Wen-Rui Ye ◽  
Shangbin Chen ◽  
Domenico Chirchiglia ◽  
Minyan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Src Family Kinases ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Pain Mechanisms ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Target ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Relationship

: Src family kinases (SFK) are a group of non-receptor tyrosine kinases which play a pivotal role in cellular responses and oncogenesis. Accumulating evidence suggest that SFK also act as a key component in signalling pathways of the central nervous system (CNS) in both physiological and pathological conditions. Despite the crucial role of SFK in signal transduction of the CNS, the relationship between SFK and molecules implicated in pain has been relatively unexplored. This article briefly reviews the recent advances uncovering the interplay of SFK with diverse membrane proteins and intracellular proteins in the CNS and the importance of SFK in the pathophysiology of migraine and neuropathic pain. Mechanisms underlying the role of SFK in these conditions and potential clinical applications of SFK inhibitors in neurological diseases are also summarised. We propose that SFK are the convergent point of signalling pathways in migraine and neuropathic pain and may constitute a promising therapeutic target for these diseases.

scholarly journals The Role of Interferons in Driving Susceptibility to Asthma Following Bronchiolitis: Controversies and Research Gaps

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Makrinioti ◽  
Andrew Bush ◽  
James Gern ◽  
Sebastian Lennox Johnston ◽  
Nikolaos Papadopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Recurrent Wheeze ◽  
The Relationship

Bronchiolitis is the most common cause of hospitalization in infancy and is associated with a higher risk for the development of childhood asthma. However, not all children hospitalized with bronchiolitis will develop asthma. The mechanisms underlying asthma development following bronchiolitis hospitalization are complex. Immune responses to respiratory viruses may underlie both bronchiolitis severity and long-term sequela (such as asthma). Interferons (IFNs) are important components of innate immune responses to respiratory viruses and could influence both asthma development and asthma exacerbations. However, the nature of the relationship between interferon production and wheezing illnesses is controversial. For example, low peripheral blood IFN responses at birth have been linked with recurrent wheeze and asthma development. In contrast, there is evidence that severe illnesses (e.g., hospitalization for bronchiolitis) are associated with increased IFN responses during acute infection (bronchiolitis hospitalization) and a higher risk for subsequent asthma diagnosis. Furthermore, mechanistic studies suggest that bronchial epithelial cells from asthmatic children have impaired IFN responses to respiratory viruses, which may enable increased viral replication followed by exaggerated secondary IFN responses. This review aims to discuss controversies around the role of IFNs as drivers of susceptibility to asthma development following bronchiolitis hospitalization. Past evidence from both mechanistic and cohort studies are discussed. We will highlight knowledge gaps that can inform future research study design.

The role of vitamin D dificiency in the development of pathology in women of perimenopausal age

2018 ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Kh.V. Kozak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Autoimmune Conditions ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
The Relationship

The article presents an analysis of literary sources about contemporary views on the role of vitamin D deficiency in the health problems of women of the perimenopausal period. According to research data of recent years, vitamin D plays a role not only in the control of calcium-phosphorus metabolism, but also plays a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and neurological diseases, insulin resistance and diabetes, in the development of cancer and autoimmune conditions, especially in women of perimenopausal age. It is important to continue the study of the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and menopausal and menopausal disorders. Currently, the existing principles and effectiveness of the correction of lack of vitamin D in improving the quality of life of women of perimenopausal age are ambiguously assessed, which determines the relevance of this research direction. Key words: perimenopausal period, insufficiency/deficiency of vitamin D.

Role of macronutrient intake in the epigenetics of obesity

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyadarshni Patel ◽  
Jeganathan Ramesh Babu ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
Thangiah Geetha
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Lifestyle Choices ◽  
Obesity Genes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Diet And Lifestyle

Obesity is caused by a combination of hereditary and environmental factors. Despite extensive study, contemporary through diet, exercise, education, surgery, and pharmacological treatments, no effective long-term solution has been found to this epidemic. Over the last decade, there has been a tremendous advancement in understanding the science of epigenetics, as well as a rise in public interest in learning more about the influence of diet and lifestyle choices on the health of an individual. Without affecting the underlying DNA sequence, epigenetic alterations impact gene expression. Previous animal studies have shown a link between the type of diet and expression or suppression of obesity genes, but there are very few human studies that demonstrate the relationship between dietary intake and obesity gene expression. This review highlights the effects of carbohydrates, lipids, and protein intake from the diet on obesity-related genes.

scholarly journals Mnemonic Populism: The Polish Holocaust Law and its Afterlife

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kornelia Kończal
Keyword(s):  
Significant Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Foundations ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Relationship

In early 2018, the Polish parliament adopted controversial legislation criminalising assertions regarding the complicity of the ‘Polish Nation’ and the ‘Polish State’ in the Holocaust. The so-called Polish Holocaust Law provoked not only a heated debate in Poland, but also serious international tensions. As a result, it was amended only five months after its adoption. The reason why it is worth taking a closer look at the socio-cultural foundations and political functions of the short-lived legislation is twofold. Empirically, the short history of the Law reveals a great deal about the long-term role of Jews in the Polish collective memory as an unmatched Significant Other. Conceptually, the short life of the Law, along with its afterlife, helps capture poll-driven, manifestly moralistic and anti-pluralist imaginings of the past, which I refer to as ‘mnemonic populism’. By exploring the relationship between popular and political images of the past in contemporary Poland, this article argues for joining memory and populism studies in order to better understand what can happen to history in illiberal surroundings.

scholarly journals Human Resource Practices, Eudaimonic Well-Being, and Creative Performance: The Mediating Role of Idiosyncratic Deals for Sustainable Human Resource Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 6933
Author(s):  
Esther Villajos ◽  
Núria Tordera ◽  
José M. Peiró
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Creative Performance ◽  
Idiosyncratic Deals ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Hr Practices ◽  
The Relationship

Traditional Human Resource Management (HRM) focusing on maintaining the status quo is no longer in the spotlight. Sustainable HRM has become the new approach, emphasizing the need to attend to organizational results directed toward reaching different goals and integrating the needs of diverse stakeholders. Moreover, in response to the challenges that organizations face in volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) environments, Human Resource (HR) practices can contribute to the development of idiosyncratic deals (negotiation of individual HR practices) that might facilitate employees’ creativity and eudaimonic well-being in the long term and, thus, the sustainability of these organizations. Thus, the aim of this study is to test the mediating role of idiosyncratic deals (i-deals) in the unfolding relationship between HR practices, eudaimonic well-being and creative performance. Using a longitudinal database (three waves), the hypotheses are tested using structural equations modeling. The results support the idea that HR practices function as an antecedent for i-deals. More specifically, i-deals fully mediate the relationship between HR practices and eudaimonic well-being. In turn, i-deals and eudaimonic well-being fully mediate the relationship between HR practices and creative performance, which suggests that, through i-deals, HR practices become more beneficial for both employees and employers. In conclusion, these results are important for sustainable HR development, because HR practices enhance i-deals, which increase well-being, enhancing performance in the long term.

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