A Short-Duration Combined Exercise and Education Program to Improve Physical Function and Social Engagement in Community-Dwelling Elderly Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Yamamoto ◽  
Daisuke Ishii ◽  
Akira Noguchi ◽  
Kenya Tanamachi ◽  
Yoshitaka Okamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Function ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Fear Of Falling ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Elderly Adults ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Mobility Performance ◽  
Combined Exercise

Exercise is a key intervention for improving older adults’ physical function and life expectancy. Here, we investigated a short-term intervention program designed to improve the physical functioning of elderly adults in a community-dwelling setting. We examined the effect of a 5-week combined exercise and education program on the physical function, social engagement, mobility performance, and fear of falling in 42 subjects older than 65 years. Eleven subjects dropped out. There was significant improvement in the 30-second chair stand test ( p < .001) and timed up-and-go test ( p < .001) between the baseline and the last session. At the end of the intervention, the subjects’ social engagement was significantly higher than at baseline ( p = .022), but this improvement was not maintained in the follow-up assessment. These results suggest that a combined exercise and education program can improve the physical function and social engagement of elderly individuals living in a community dwelling.

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Biomarkers of Musculoskeletal Health with High Discriminant Ability for Age and Gender

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1352
Author(s):  
Sandra Agyapong-Badu ◽  
Martin B. Warner ◽  
Dinesh Samuel ◽  
Vasiliki Koutra ◽  
Maria Stokes
Keyword(s):  
Physical Function ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Musculoskeletal Health ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Anterior Thigh ◽  
And Gender

A novel approach to ageing studies assessed the discriminatory ability of a combination of routine physical function tests and novel measures, notably muscle mechanical properties and thigh composition (ultrasound imaging) to classify healthy individuals according to age and gender. The cross-sectional study included 138 community-dwelling, self-reported healthy males and females (65 young, mean age ± SD = 25.7 ± 4.8 years; 73 older, 74.9 ± 5.9 years). Handgrip strength; quadriceps strength; respiratory peak flow; timed up and go; stair climbing time; anterior thigh tissue thickness; muscle stiffness, tone, elasticity (Myoton technology), and self-reported health related quality of life (SF36) were assessed. Stepwise feature selection using cross-validation with linear discriminant analysis was used to classify cases based on criterion variable derived from known effects of age on physical function. A model was trained and features selected using 126 cases with 0.92 accuracy (95% CI = 0.86–0.96; Kappa = 0.89). The final model included five features (peak flow, timed up and go, biceps brachii elasticity, anterior thigh muscle thickness, and percentage thigh muscle) with high sensitivity (0.82–0.96) and specificity (0.94–0.99). The most sensitive novel biomarkers require no volition, highlighting potentially useful tests for screening and monitoring effects of interventions on musculoskeletal health for vulnerable older people with pain or cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Comparison of difficulty with activities of daily living in elderly adults undergoing hemodialysis and community-dwelling individuals: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiki Kutsuna ◽  
Yusuke Isobe ◽  
Takaaki Watanabe ◽  
Yusuke Matsunaga ◽  
Satomi Kusaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Function ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Elderly Adults ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Difficulty Score ◽  
Usual Gait Speed

Abstract Background Elderly adults undergoing hemodialysis (HD) have multiple comorbidities, physical frailty, and functional dependence with activities of daily living (ADL). ADL difficulty is an early predictor of ADL dependency in community-dwelling elderly adults. However, the characteristics of ADL difficulty in patients undergoing HD have not yet been reported. The present study aimed to examine the current status and characteristics of physical function and ADL difficulty in ambulatory elderly patients undergoing HD. Methods In all, 136 elderly outpatients undergoing HD and 40 community-dwelling controls participated in the present study. The characteristics, physical function (SARC-F score, grip strength, five-times sit-to-stand test time, usual gait speed, maximum gait speed, and short physical performance battery score), and scores from the ADL difficulty questionnaires [difficulty related to upper limb (U/L) and lower limb (L/L) functions] were compared between the HD and control groups. Multiple regression analysis was performed to examine whether the characteristics of physical function were able to discriminate ADL difficulty in the HD group. Results The HD group had a significantly greater SARC-F score, lower grip strength, longer five-times sit-to-stand test time, slower usual gait speed, slower maximum gait speed, lower short physical performance battery score, and lower U/L and L/L ADL difficulty scores compared to the control group (all P < 0.001). The distribution of U/L and L/L ADL difficulty scores showed a wider variation in the HD group than in the control group. The U/L ADL difficulty score was independently associated with the SARC-F score (β = −0.52, P < 0.001) and grip strength (β = 0.21, P = 0.02). The L/L ADL difficulty score was independently associated with the SARC-F score (β = −0.56, P < 0.001) and usual gait speed (β = 0.35, P < 0.001). Conclusions The elderly HD group had a poorer physical function and experienced stronger ADL difficulty than the control group. There was an association between ADL difficulty and sarcopenia or poor physical function among patients undergoing HD. These findings provide useful data for effective clinical management to prevent decline of ADL in ambulatory elderly patients undergoing HD.

scholarly journals Observed Physical Function Is Associated With Better Cognition Among Elderly Adults: The Adventist Health Study-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 153331752096086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Gatto ◽  
Jennifer Garcia-Cano ◽  
Crissy Irani ◽  
Tiantian Liu ◽  
Cameron Arakaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Elderly Adults ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Speed Factor

Lifestyle factors may individually protect against the development of mild cognitive impairment. We investigate the relationships between both self-reported physical activity and measured physical function with cognition in a population of elderly adults, more than half of whom follow vegetarian dietary patterns. Otherwise healthy adults (n = 127, mean age 74.9 ± 7.9 years, 61.3% current vegetarians) were assessed using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. A principal components analysis derived processing speed, executive function, and memory/language factors. Participants reported current levels of vigorous physical activity on questionnaires, and physical function and mobility were measured with the Physical Performance Test (PPT) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test. Generalized linear models estimated β coefficients for cross-sectional associations between cognitive factors and indicators of physical abilities and self-reported physical activity. Better physical function indicated by PPT was associated with higher scores on the processing speed factor (β = 0.21 SDs for each 4.4-point increase in PPT score; p = 0.02). Faster TUG times were also associated with higher processing speed factor scores (β = 0.21 SDs increase for each 2.8 second less TUG time; p = 0.02). Self-reported levels of vigorous physical activity were not associated with any area of cognitive function; the association between PPT, TUG and processing speed was independent of physical activity. Associations between PPT and TUG and processing speed were stronger among participants who followed vegetarian dietary patterns. Better physical function may have an effect on cognition in a context of healthy lifestyles.

Relationship between fear of falling and cognitive function in community-dwelling elderly adults

Physiotherapy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. e646-e647
Author(s):  
T. Ishida ◽  
H. Ihira ◽  
A. Mizumoto ◽  
K. Makino ◽  
K. Shimizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Fear Of Falling ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Elderly Adults

scholarly journals Vitamin D, muscle strength and physical function in UK South Asian older women

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabeen Zahra ◽  
Bernard Corfe ◽  
Elizabeth Williams
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Older Women ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Chair Stand

AbstractA positive association has been reported between vitamin D status, muscle strength and physical function in older Caucasian women. However, little is known about this relationship in UK South Asian older women. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the association between vitamin D status, muscle strength and physical function in UK South Asian (Pakistani and Indian) older women.One hundred and twenty community-dwelling women were recruited via visiting community centres, mosques, Indian temples (Gurdwara) and by word of mouth (between January to May 2018). Inclusion criteria were: community-dwelling, South Asian women, age 60 years and above, able to communicate effectively and able to give written or verbal consent. A general interview (demographic, anthropometric, self-reported exhaustion, health history, supplementation use/duration/dose), handgrip strength (kg), short physical performance battery (single chair stand, repeated chair stands, balance, timed up-and-go test), and blood 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D, nmol/l) concentration were performed. Dietary intake and self-reported physical activity was also assessed using multiple-pass 24-hour diet recall method and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form respectively.Overall, 47% of participants had insufficient blood 25(OH)D concentration (< 50nmol/L) and 53% had sufficient blood 25(OH)D (≥ 50nmol/L) using the IOM classification. As expected 86% of current vitamin D supplement users had adequate vitamin D status and only 14% of women who reported current vitamin D supplement use had insufficient vitamin D status. Amongst supplement non-users 68% had insufficient vitamin D status and only 32% had adequate levels. An inverse correlation (Spearman's analysis) was found between vitamin D status and single chair stand test (sec) (r = -0.25, p = 0.006); repeated chair stand test (sec) (r = -0.29, p = 0.002) and timed up-and-go test (sec) (r = -0.20, p = 0.02). No correlation was observed between vitamin D status and handgrip strength (r = 0.09, p = 0.30).The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency is high in post-menopausal South Asian women not taking vitamin D supplements. Significant association was observed between vitamin D status and some aspects of muscle strength and physical function. We are now conducting a randomized control trial to investigate whether vitamin D supplementation may restore muscle strength and function in this population.

Fear of Falling and Balance Ability in Older Men: The Priest Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis W. Klima ◽  
Roberta A. Newton ◽  
Emily A. Keshner ◽  
Adam Davey
Keyword(s):  
Fear Of Falling ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Assistive Device ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Balance Confidence ◽  
Balance Ability

Studies examining fear of falling among older adult men remain limited. The objectives of this study were to compare balance confidence in 2 age cohorts of older clergy and identify predictive determinants of balance confidence in a liturgical research initiative. Participants included 131 community-dwelling Roman Catholic priests age 60–97 yr living in religious communities in 10 mid-Atlantic states. Subjects completed the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), timed up-and-go (TUG) test, and 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Younger priests (60–74 yr) demonstrated a significantly higher ABC score than the older cohort (75 and above yr) of priests (89.1 ± 12.6 vs.78.4 ± 13.9,p= .001). Confidence was significantly correlated with BBS (rho = .69,p< .01), TUG (r= –.58,p< .01), and GDS (r= –.39,p< .01) scores. A stepwise-regression model demonstrated that balance ability, mood, assistive-device use, and physical activity predicted 52% of the variance in balance confidence.

scholarly journals The effect of a multicomponent exercise program on cognitive function and functional ability in community dwelling older adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haripriya S ◽  
Dhanesh Kumar K U ◽  
Sanjay Eapen Samuel ◽  
Ajith S
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Elderly Adults ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Significant Difference

Normal aging results in alterations in the structure and function of the brain, causing impairment in cognitive function and dependency in performing activities of daily living. A multicomponent physical activity program has been recommended to maintain physical and cognitive function in elderly individuals. The present study aimed at measuring the effect of such an exercise program on the cognitive function and activities of daily living(ADL) function in community dwelling elderly individuals. 52 elderly adults living in the community and ambulating independently were selected purposively and underwent a 10-week multi-component exercise program which included aerobic exercise, strength training, balance exercises and functional training. The participants were assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Barthel Index(BI) at baseline and every two weeks up till 10 weeks. The data obtained was analysed usind descriptive statistics and t-test for finding the effect of the intervention program on the outcome measures. The results showed a significant difference in the pre- to post-intervention scores of both the outcome measures. A multicomponent exercise program was seen to be effective in improving the cognitive function and level of ADL activity in community dwelling elderly individuals. Such an exercise program should be recommended to all elderly adults in order to maintain their cognitive and overall functioning and to improve their productivity.

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