Effects of polaprezinc on gastric mucosal damage and neurotransmitters in a rat model of chemotherapy-induced vomiting

Objective To investigate the effects of polaprezinc (PZ) on cyclophosphamide (CTX)- or cisplatin (DDP)-induced gastric mucosal injury and on a rat model of neurotransmitter-mediated vomiting. Methods Sprague–Dawley rats were divided at random into Control, CTX, DDP, PZ+CTX, and PZ+DDP groups. After 20 days, brain tissues and sera were analyzed for the levels of dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of stomach, intestine, and brain tissues were examined using light microscopy. Results The levels of DA, 5-HT, and NF-κB in brain and serum samples of rats treated with CTX or DDP were significantly increased compared with those of rats in the Control group. There was a significant decrease in these values in the PZ group. Moreover, PZ reduced damage to brain tissue caused by CTX or DDP. Conclusions PZ decreased the levels of DA, 5-HT, and NF-κB in blood and brain tissues caused by CTX or DDP and reduced the chemotherapy-induced damage to the small intestine, stomach, and brain. These findings can be translated to the clinic to enhance the efficacy and safety of chemotherapy.

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Association between Chronic Acetaminophen Exposure and Allergic Rhinitis in a Rat Model

Allergy & Rhinology ◽

10.2500/ar.2015.6.0131 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. ar.2015.6.0131 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nadieska Caballero ◽

Kevin C. Welch ◽

Patrick S. Carpenter ◽

Swati Mehrotra ◽

Tom F. O'Connell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Mast Cells ◽

Rat Model ◽

Group Versus ◽

Inferior Turbinate ◽

Control Group ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Hematoxylin And Eosin

Background Several population studies demonstrated an increased risk of allergic rhinitis in patients exposed to acetaminophen. However, no histologic studies have been conducted to assess the relationship between acetaminophen exposure and allergic rhinitis. Objective In this study, we investigated the association between chronic acetaminophen exposure and the development of allergic rhinitis in a rat model. Methods Ten female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to either a control (n = 5) or an acetaminophen group (n = 5). The acetaminophen group received 200 mg/kg/day of acetaminophen suspended in yogurt via oral gavage for 120 days. The control group received only the yogurt vehicle. Allergic behavioral responses, including nose rub, eye rub, ear scratching, and neck and/or face scratching, were quantified. The rats were killed, and the noses were harvested. The portion of the nose, including the nasal septum and the inferior turbinates, was embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin to quantify the inflammatory infiltrate. Results The average number of allergic responses per animal was 13.2 in the acetaminophen group versus 6.2 in the control group (p = 0.032). All the rats in the acetaminophen group (100%) had mast cells infiltrating the lamina propria of the inferior turbinate, whereas mast cells were detected in only 40% of the animals in the control group. The average number of mast cells per animal in the acetaminophen group was 134 versus 21 in the control group (p = 0.048). Conclusions Our study was the first to demonstrate a histologic association between chronic exposure to acetaminophen and rhinitis. Further research to elucidate the mechanism that underlies these findings is necessary.

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Vagal stimulation-induced gastric damage in rats

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1991.261.1.g104 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 261 (1) ◽

pp. G104-G110

Author(s):

L. E. Hierlihy ◽

J. L. Wallace ◽

A. V. Ferguson

Keyword(s):

Vagal Stimulation ◽

Mucosal Damage ◽

Vagal Afferents ◽

Gastric Damage ◽

Gastric Mucosal Damage ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Vagus Nerves ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Series Of Experiments ◽

Stimulation Of

The role of the vagus nerve in the development of gastric mucosal damage was examined in urethan-anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats. Electrical stimulation was applied to the vagus nerves for a period of 60 min, after which macroscopic gastric damage was scored and samples of the stomach were fixed for later histological assessment. Damage scores were assigned blindly based on a 0 (normal) to 3 (severe) scale. Stimulation of vagal afferents or efferents in isolation did not result in significant damage to the gastric mucosa (P greater than 0.1). In contrast, stimulation of both intact vagus nerves resulted in significant gastric mucosal damage (mean damage score, 2.0 +/- 0.33, P less than 0.01). A second series of experiments demonstrated this gastric damage to be induced within 30-60 min; extending the stimulation period to 120 min did not worsen the gastric damage scores significantly (P greater than 0.1). In a third study, stimulation of both intact vagus nerves after paraventricular nucleus (PVN) lesion resulted in damage scores (0.33 +/- 0.17) that were significantly reduced compared with intact PVN and non-PVN-lesioned animals (P less than 0.01). These results indicate that the development of vagal stimulation-induced gastric damage requires the activation of both afferent and efferent vagal components and suggest further that such damage is dependent upon an intact PVN.

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Discovery of Serum Proteomic Biomarkers for Prediction of Response to Moxibustion Treatment in Rats with Collagen-Induced Arthritis: An Exploratory Analysis

Acupuncture in Medicine ◽

10.1136/acupmed-2015-010909 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 184-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Xiao Xu ◽

Miao-Miao Wang ◽

Zhi-ling Sun ◽

Dan-ping Zhou ◽

Ling Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rat Model ◽

Multiple Testing ◽

Day Treatment ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Control Group ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Collagen Induced Arthritis ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Bovine Collagen

Objective To examine the possible impact of moxibustion on the serum proteome of the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model. Materials and Methods Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were included in this experiment. The CIA animal model was prepared by injection of type II bovine collagen in Freund's adjuvant on the first and seventh day. The 36 rats were randomly divided into two groups: the untreated CIA group (control), and the CIA plus treatment with moxibustion (CIA+moxi) group. Moxibustion was administered daily at ST36 and BL23 for 7, 14 or 21 days (n=12 rats each). Arthritis score was used to assess the severity of arthritis. At the end of each 7 day treatment, blood samples from the control group and the CIA+moxi group were collected. After removal of high abundance proteins from serum samples, two-dimensional gel combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight MS/MS (MALDI-TOF-MS/MS) techniques were performed to examine serum protein expression patterns of the CIA rat model with and without moxibustion treatment. In addition, the relevant proteins were further analysed with the use of bioinformatics analysis. Results Moxibustion significantly decreased arthritis severity in the rats in the CIA+moxi group, when compared with the rats in the CIA group 35 days after the first immunisation (p=0.001). Seventeen protein spots which changed >1.33 or <0.77 at p<0.05 using Bonferonni correction for multiple testing were found to be common to all three comparisons, and these proteins were used for classification of functions using the Gene Ontology method. Consequently, with the use of the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, the top canonical pathways and a predicted proteomic network related to the moxibustion effect of CIA were established. Conclusions Using the proteomics technique, we have identified novel candidate proteins that may be involved in the mechanisms of action underlying the beneficial effects of moxibustion in rats with CIA. Our findings suggest that immune responses and metabolic processes may be involved in mediating the effects of moxibustion. Moreover, periodxiredoxin I (PRDX1) and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R) may be potential targets.

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Buprenorphine alleviation of pain does not compromise the rat monoarthritic pain model

Scandinavian Journal of Pain ◽

10.1016/j.sjpain.2017.04.011 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 167-167

Author(s):

M.S. Berke ◽

Klas S.P. Abelson

Keyword(s):

Rat Model ◽

Joint Stiffness ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Pain Tolerance ◽

Control Group ◽

Mechanical Stimuli ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

A Minor

Abstract Aims This study investigated the effects of buprenorphine treatment on pain and welfare parameters and model specific parameters in a rat model of monoarthritis to eliminate unnecessary pain from this model. Methods 32 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: (1) A negative control without arthritis receiving no analgesia. (2) A positive monoarthritic control group receiving no analgesia, but subcutaneous saline injections twice a day. (3) A positive control with monoarthritis receiving subcutaneous carprofen once a day and saline once a day. (4) A group with monoarthritis receiving subcutaneous buprenorphine twice a day. Monoarthritis was induced with an injection of 0.02 ml Complete Freund’s Adjuvant intra-articularly in the left tibiotarsal joint. Treatment with analgesia was initiated at day 15 and the rats were euthanized at day 23. Results The induced monoarthritis elicited a pronounced acute inflammation. Several parameters such as bodyweight, mobility, stance, joint-stiffness and lameness scores were affected. A marked mechanical hyperalgesia in the tarsal area was observed by Electronic Von Frey testing, but no severe compromise of the animal welfare was seen at any time. Signs of chronic development began to appear from day 10 after the monoarthritic induction. No significant change in serum cytokines and faecal corticosterone measurements was found after administration of buprenorphine. A minor decrease in body weight was seen, and a higher pain tolerance to mechanical stimuli was observed, indicating pain alleviation. The histological examination confirmed monoarthritic development in all monoarthritic rats and revealed periarticular lesions suggesting diffusion of adjuvant from intra-articular injection site to the periphery. Conclusions The study demonstrated that buprenorphine has an analgesic effect in the adjuvant induced monoarthritic rat model, without obvious interference with the development of arthritis.

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Effect of Qingxin Kaiqiao Fang on Hippocampus mRNA Expression of the Inflammation-Related Genes IL-1β, GFAP, and Aβin an Alzheimer’s Disease Rat Model

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2018/9267653 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dan-Dan Mao ◽

Wen-Yu Yang ◽

Yan Li ◽

Jian-Wei Lin ◽

Shi-Yu Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rat Model ◽

Particle Deposition ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Interleukin 1 ◽

Control Group ◽

Model Group ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Amyloid A ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

High Doses

Objective. To investigate the effects of QKF on expression of amyloid-beta (Aβ), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) using a rat model of AD.Materials and Methods. Fifty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into seven groups (eight rats each): control group, sham-operated group, AD model group, groups of AD rats administered with low, medium, and high doses of QKF, and the donepezil group. AD was established by bilateral injection ofβ-amyloid (Aβ) 1–40 into the hippocampus. Two days after AD was established, drugs were administered by gavage. After 14 days of treatment, we used RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry to measure the transcript expression and protein abundance of Aβ, IL-1β, and GFAP, and methenamine silver staining was used to detect amyloid protein particle deposition.Results. Compared to the control group, the rats from the AD model group showed significantly greater expression levels of Aβ, IL-1β, and GFAP. However, these differences in expression were abolished by treatment with QKF or donepezil.Conclusion. QKF possesses therapeutic potential against AD because it downregulated Aβ, IL-1β, and GFAP in the hippocampus of AD rats. Future studies should further examine the mechanisms through which QKF produces its effects and the consequences of long-term QKF administration.

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The Effects of Trimetazidine and Sildenafil on Bilateral Cavernosal Nerve Injury Induced Oxidative Damage and Cavernosal Fibrosis in Rats

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/970363 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Dogan Atilgan ◽

Bekir S. Parlaktas ◽

Nihat Uluocak ◽

Fikret Erdemir ◽

Fatma Markoc ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Nerve Injury ◽

Rat Model ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Control Group ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Collagen Density ◽

Cavernosal Nerve

Aim. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of sildenafil and trimetazidine on bilateral cavernosal nerve injury-induced oxidative damage and fibrotic changes in cavernosal tissue in rat model.Material and Methods. A total of 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups; each group consist 8 rats (control, BCI, BCI + TMZ, and BCI + sildenafil groups). Tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl (PC) levels were determined biochemically and distribution of cavernosal fibrosis density among groups was performed histopathologically.Results. Tissue SOD levels in BCI group were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). Tissue MDA and PC levels in BCI group were significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). TMZ and sildenafil administration significantly increased tissue SOD levels (P<0.05) and reduced tissue MDA and PC levels (P<0.05). Histologically, the degree of cavernosal fibrosis and collagen density was higher in BCI group in comparison to control, TMZ-treated, and sildenafil-treated groups.Conclusion. BCI caused oxidative damage and increased cavernosal fibrosis in rat penis. TMZ and sildenafil treatment decreased oxidative damage and reduced the degree of fibrosis in penile tissue due to BCI.

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Changes of biochemical parameters in rat intestinal mucosa induced by methotrexate and effects of enteral administration of glutamine

Archive of oncology ◽

10.2298/aoo0401035b ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 35-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Katica Bajin-Katic ◽

Karmen Stankov ◽

Zoran Kovacevic

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Mucosa ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Intraperitoneal Administration ◽

Mucosal Damage ◽

Control Group ◽

Intestinal Damage ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Regeneration Time ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Previously Treated

BACKGROUND: Rapidly proliferating crypt cells of the intestinal epithelium, the precursors of the mature enterocytes, are extremely sensitive to the effects of cytostatic agents. We investigated the effects of the methotrexate on rat intestinal mucosa in order to get the information on biochemical indicators of intestinal damage. METHODS: Biochemical parameters were investigated in isolated intestinal mucosa of Sprague-Dawley rats, previously treated with methotrexate by intraperitoneal administration. Glutamine was dissolved in water and administered orally. RESULTS: The activity of glutaminase and alkaline phosphatase showed the enzymatic response to different doses of methotrexate. The activity of both enzymes was significantly lower in the mucosa of treated animals, compared to control group. CONCLUSION: Minimal mucosal damage and regeneration time is dose dependent and influenced by the dosage schedule of antitumor therapy.

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Leptin acts in the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus to induce gastric mucosal damage

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1998.275.6.r2081 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 275 (6) ◽

pp. R2081-R2084

Author(s):

Pauline M. Smith ◽

Veronique Mollaret ◽

Alastair V. Ferguson

Keyword(s):

Paraventricular Nucleus ◽

Area Under Curve ◽

Mucosal Damage ◽

System Structure ◽

Gastric Mucosal Damage ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Specific Population ◽

Regulate Body Weight ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

A Site

Leptin is produced and secreted by adipocytes to regulate body weight homeostasis. Leptin acts centrally to reduce weight by decreasing food intake and increasing energy expenditure. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is a central nervous system structure suggested as a site at which leptin acts to exert its central effects. Leptin microinjection (10−6 M, 0.5 μl) into the PVN of urethan-anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats (150–300 g) resulted in significant gastric damage (mean score = 1.75, n = 16). Damage scores were significantly different than those observed after saline microinjection into the PVN (mean score = 0.00, n = 5, P < 0.05), or leptin microinjection into non-PVN sites (mean score = 0.33, n = 6, P < 0.05). There were no changes in blood pressure (mean area under curve = 401.9 ± 224.2 mmHg * s, n = 11, P > 0.05) or heart rate (mean area under curve = 40.9 ± 25.9 beats, n= 10, P > 0.05) in response to leptin microinjection into PVN. These results suggest that leptin acts on a functionally specific population of PVN neurons involved in the control of gastrointestinal function.

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Histopathological Nature of Myofascial Trigger Points at Different Stages of Recovery from Injury in a Rat Model

Acupuncture in Medicine ◽

10.1136/acupmed-2016-011212 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 445-451 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Hui Zhang ◽

Jiao-Jiao Lü ◽

Qiang-Min Huang ◽

Lin Liu ◽

Qing-Guang Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rat Model ◽

Large Diameter ◽

Trigger Points ◽

Control Group ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Myofascial Trigger Points ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Longitudinal View ◽

Recovery Times ◽

Electron Microscopes

Objective To investigate the histopathological nature of myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) or spots (MTrSs) at different stages of recovery from injury in a rat model. Methods Forty Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (CG) and experimental group (EG). The CG was further randomly subdivided into CG1 and CG2 subgroups. The CG2 was used for palpating the taut band and CG1 as a blank. EG was subdivided into three groups according to recovery times: 4 weeks (4W), 8 weeks (8W) and 12 weeks (12W); these groups consisted of eight rats each. All CG rats received no intervention, whereas the intervention in EG rats was by a blunt strike to the vastus medialis and eccentric exercise for 8 weeks. The taut bands with spontaneous electrical activity were then detected in the muscle to guide a muscle biopsy. The histopathological findings were investigated under optical and electron microscopes in all groups. Results Under optical microscopy, the differently augmented sizes of round fibres (contracture knots) with deep staining in the transverse section and fusiform shapes in a longitudinal view were clearly seen in CG2 and EGs with a large diameter; the number of contracture knots was significantly more in EGs than in CGs. Under an electron microscope, the mitochondria in EGs significantly decreased with abnormal structures. The sarcomeres were significantly shortened in the 8W and 12W EGs. Conclusion An injury can cause activation of MTrSs in a muscle and an activated level of MTrPs depending on the number of contracture knots in muscle with impaired energy production.

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