An Open Evaluation of a 3-Day Course of Pivmecillinam (Ten 200 mg Tablets) in Women with Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
J F Donald ◽  
D M D Rimmer
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Clinical Response ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis ◽  
Satisfactory Clinical Response ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
Uncomplicated Cystitis ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

One hundred and eighty-four women, with acute uncomplicated cystitis, received a 3-day course of pivmecillinam comprising an initial 400 mg (two tablets) dose, followed by 200 mg every 8 hours; a total of ten tablets. A satisfactory clinical response was achieved in 91% of patients. Bacteriological success was observed in 94% of sixty-eight patients with a proven infection. Side-effects were reported in sixteen patients (8.4%). Two patients ceased therapy prematurely. Pivmecillinam did not select out resistant Gram-negative organisms. A trend towards reinfection with Gram-positive cocci was observed. The possible significance of reinfection with different organisms is discussed.

scholarly journals Microbiological Profile of Uropathogens and their Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern in Pediatric Population from A Tertiary Care Hospital in Amritsar, Punjab

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 306-312
Author(s):  
Manpreet Kaur Bhatha Loveena Oberoi ◽  
Sapna Soneja Anuradha Malhotra ◽  
Kamaldeep Singh
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Urinary tract infection(UTI) is one of the most commonest bacterial infection encountered in the pediatric age group. Early diagnosis is of utmost importance to preserve renal function and reduce long term complications such as renal scarring. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of UTI in pediatric population, identify the common uropathogens and study the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was carried out in Department of Microbiology, GMC Amritsar for a period of 6 months from 1 Jan 2021 till 30 June 2021 amongst the pediatric patients (1 month-12 years age group) with clinically suspected UTI including both indoor and outdoor patients. Clean catch midstream urine samples received in the laboratory were processed as per the standard microbiological guidelines. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines. Results: A total of 549 samples were received and processed during study period from which 164(29.87%) were culture positive. Culture positivity was more prevalent in females (61.58%) than males (38.41%). Gram negative organisms were predominant (74.4%) followed by gram positive cocci (22.56%) and Candida (3.05%). Among gram negative organisms Escherichia coli was most predominant followed by Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp., Proteus spp. and Citrobacter spp. Among gram positive cocci Staphylococcus aureus was most predominant followed by Coagulase negative Staphylococci and Enterococcus spp. Majority of gram negative bacilli were resistant to fluroquinolones, 3rd generation cephalosporins and co-trimoxazole while nitrofurantoin, piperacillin-tazobactam and gentamicin were most sensitive drugs. Among Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistance was seen in 17% isolates. High sensitivity was seen to linezolid and vancomycin in gram positive cocci. Conclusion: This study highlights increased prevalence of MDR uropathogens in pediatric population which indicates that antibiotic selection should be based on knowledge of local prevalence of bacterial organisms and their antibiotic sensitivities with rational use of antibiotics.

Gram staining v1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
lydiariver not provided
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Acetone Treatment ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
Group B ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Gram staining is one of the first techniques used for the identification of group B Streptococcus agalactiae and one would expect to see gram-positive cocci under the microscope. The technique consists of applying a series of colorants and bleaches (acetone), which interact with the lipids of the membranes of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The cell walls of gram-positive organisms retain the dye after acetone treatment and appear purple in color, whereas gram-negative organisms become discolored after acetone treatment and appear pink.

A New Citrated Formulation of Nalidixic Acid (Mictral® U.K.) for the Treatment of Acute Cystitis

1981 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Dulake ◽  
G Adam ◽  
F Allenby ◽  
A R Anderson ◽  
A Clark-Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Acute Cystitis ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis ◽  
Uncomplicated Cystitis

A 3-day course of a new citrated formulation of nalidixic acid (Mictral) was assessed in fifty-four women presenting with acute uncomplicated cystitis. Over 96% of women with a significant Gram-negative bacteriuria were cured of the infection following a course of treatment. Only two relapses occurred in this group during the follow-up period. Relief of symptoms occurred in nearly 90% of infected patients and generally by the second day of treatment. Although the incidence of side-effects was about 20% they were not considered serious.

scholarly journals Linearized esculentin-2EM shows pH dependent antibacterial activity with an alkaline optimum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erum Malik ◽  
David A. Phoenix ◽  
Timothy J. Snape ◽  
Frederick Harris ◽  
Jaipaul Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helical Structure ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Bacterial Membranes ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Ph Dependent ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

AbstractHere the hypothesis that linearized esculentin 2EM (E2EM-lin) from Glandirana emeljanovi possesses pH dependent activity is investigated. The peptide showed weak activity against Gram-negative bacteria (MLCs ≥ 75.0 μM) but potent efficacy towards Gram-positive bacteria (MLCs ≤ 6.25 μM). E2EM-lin adopted an α-helical structure in the presence of bacterial membranes that increased as pH was increased from 6 to 8 (↑ 15.5–26.9%), whilst similar increases in pH enhanced the ability of the peptide to penetrate (↑ 2.3–5.1 mN m−1) and lyse (↑ 15.1–32.5%) these membranes. Theoretical analysis predicted that this membranolytic mechanism involved a tilted segment, that increased along the α-helical long axis of E2EM-lin (1–23) in the N → C direction, with −  < µH > increasing overall from circa − 0.8 to − 0.3. In combination, these data showed that E2EM-lin killed bacteria via novel mechanisms that were enhanced by alkaline conditions and involved the formation of tilted and membranolytic, α-helical structure. The preference of E2EM-lin for Gram-positive bacteria over Gram-negative organisms was primarily driven by the superior ability of phosphatidylglycerol to induce α-helical structure in the peptide as compared to phosphatidylethanolamine. These data were used to generate a novel pore-forming model for the membranolytic activity of E2EM-lin, which would appear to be the first, major reported instance of pH dependent AMPs with alkaline optima using tilted structure to drive a pore-forming process. It is proposed that E2EM-lin has the potential for development to serve purposes ranging from therapeutic usage, such as chronic wound disinfection, to food preservation by killing food spoilage organisms.

scholarly journals 1554. Epidemiology of Adult Bacterial Hand Infections at Two Urban Hospitals

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S777-S778
Author(s):  
Arsheena Yassin ◽  
Christine Stavropoulos ◽  
Krystina L Woods ◽  
Jiashan Xu ◽  
Justin Carale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Regimen ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Streptococcus Species ◽  
Urban Hospitals ◽  
Haemophilus Parainfluenzae ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

Abstract Background Hand infections represent a major source of morbidity, which can result in hand stiffness and amputation. Early appropriate empiric antibiotic regimen may reduce the associated morbidity, hence the importance to examine local epidemiology. The aim of this study was to define the current epidemiology of adult hand infections at two urban hospitals in New York City. Methods We performed a double center, retrospective study of adult patients hospitalized from March 2018 to May 2020. Patients with positive cultures associated with the hand infections were included. Retrospectively, 100 patients were reviewed. Data on baseline demographic, clinical, surgical, microbiology, and treatment parameters were collected. Results Of the 100 patients, 76% were male, with median age of 47.5 years (35, 58.25) and average C-reactive protein (CRP) of 50.66 mg/L (± 64.64) on admission (see Table 1). Previous hospitalization within 1 year (38%), previous surgical procedures (39%) and recent IV medication use (26%) were common. 130 bacterial isolates were identified (see Table 2). The most frequent organisms were Gram-positive, with Methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA, 25.38%), Streptococcus species (20.08%), and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, 15.38%) being the most common. Gram-negative organisms were infrequent, with Haemophilus parainfluenzae (3.85%), Enterobacter cloacae (3.85) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.08%) being the most prevalent. Of the 100 patients, 27% had polymicrobial infections, associated with trauma (6%), illicit IV use (6%) and unknown (7%) etiologies. Table 1: Baseline demographics and co-morbid conditions Table 2: Types and numbers of organisms in relation to etiologies Conclusion Within our population, the most common organisms associated with hand infections were Gram-positive, with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species being the most prevalent. Gram-negative pathogens were infrequently isolated. The results within this study can provide guidance to clinicians on assessing the appropriate empiric antibiotic regimen in patients with hand infections, and can serve as a basis for further studies identifying risk factors associated with isolation of organisms associated with hand infections. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Evaluation of MicroScan Bacterial Identification Panels for Low-Resource Settings

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Sien Ombelet ◽  
Alessandra Natale ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Ronat ◽  
Olivier Vandenberg ◽  
Liselotte Hardy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Bacterial Identification ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Low Resource Settings ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
Instructions For Use

Bacterial identification is challenging in low-resource settings (LRS). We evaluated the MicroScan identification panels (Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA) as part of Médecins Sans Frontières’ Mini-lab Project. The MicroScan Dried Overnight Positive ID Type 3 (PID3) panels for Gram-positive organisms and Dried Overnight Negative ID Type 2 (NID2) panels for Gram-negative organisms were assessed with 367 clinical isolates from LRS. Robustness was studied by inoculating Gram-negative species on the Gram-positive panel and vice versa. The ease of use of the panels and readability of the instructions for use (IFU) were evaluated. Of species represented in the MicroScan database, 94.6% (185/195) of Gram-negative and 85.9% (110/128) of Gram-positive isolates were correctly identified up to species level. Of species not represented in the database (e.g., Streptococcus suis and Bacillus spp.), 53.1% out of 49 isolates were incorrectly identified as non-related bacterial species. Testing of Gram-positive isolates on Gram-negative panels and vice versa (n = 144) resulted in incorrect identifications for 38.2% of tested isolates. The readability level of the IFU was considered too high for LRS. Inoculation of the panels was favorably evaluated, whereas the visual reading of the panels was considered error-prone. In conclusion, the accuracy of the MicroScan identification panels was excellent for Gram-negative species and good for Gram-positive species. Improvements in stability, robustness, and ease of use have been identified to assure adaptation to LRS constraints.

scholarly journals Clinical Presentation and Bacterial Etiology of Adult Community Acquired Pneumonia

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
Md Abdus Salam ◽  
Md Robed Amin ◽  
Quazi Tarikul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Chlamydia Pneumoniae ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Sputum Culture ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Introduction: Pneumonia is a worldwide, serious threat to health and an enormous socio-economic burden for health care system. According to recent WHO data, each year 3-4 million patients die from pneumonia. The clinical presentations and bacterial agents responsible for community acquired pneumonia (CAP) varies according to geography and culture.Methods: A cross sectional observational study conducted among the 53 consecutive patients with a clinical diagnosis of CAP in admitted patient in the department of Medicine, DMCH, during January 2010 to December 2010. Hematological measurements (TC of WBC, Hb%, ESR, platelet count), blood culture, chest X-ray P/A view, sputum for Gram staining and culture sensitivity, sputum for AFB, blood urea and random blood sugar were done in all cases. ELISA for IgM antibody of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae were done in sputum culture negative cases.Results: The mean (±SD) age was 38.9±17.3 years and Male female ratio was 3:1. Fever, chest pain and productive cough were the most common clinical features. The mean (±SD) respiratory rate was 23.0±2.8 /minute . COPD and DM were found in 17.0% and 5.7% of patients respectively . Blood culture was found positive in only 1.9% of the study patients. Gram positive Cocci 62.26%, Gram negative Bacilli 9.43%, mixed Gram positive cocci and Gram negative bacilli 11.32% and Gram negative Cocco Bacilli 1.9% were observed and in 15.03 % cases, no bacteria could be seen. Sputum culture revealed 53.8% streptococcus pneumoniae, 26.9% Klebsiella pneumonia as predominant organism. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae were found in 7.4% and 3.7% respectively by serological test. For Streptococcus pneumoniae, sensitive antibiotics were Amoxyclav and Levofloxacin. For Gram negative bacilli and coccobacilli, more sensitive antibiotics were Meropenem, Ceftriaxone, and Clarithromycin. The best sensitive drug were found meropenem. The mean (±SD) duration of hospital stay was 5.0±1.7 days with ranging from 3 to 10 days.Conclusion: Region based bacteroiological diagnosis of Cap is important for selecting the best and sensitive drugs for complete cure.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2016; 34(3): 128-134

scholarly journals Comparing the Performance of the New Fully Automated Urine Particle Analyzer UF-5000 with UF-1000i and Gram Stain in Predicting Bacteria Growth Patterns in Women with Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Shei-Dei Yang ◽  
Chun-Chun yang ◽  
Yi-Shen Chen ◽  
Shangjen chang
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Bacterial Patterns ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Abstract BackgroudTo compare the performance of the new flow cytometer UF-5000 with UF-1000i (Sysmex, Kobe, Japan) and Gram stain in predicting the bacterial patterns in urine samples MethodsWomen with symptoms suggestive of urinary tract infection were enrolled. Mid-stream urine sample was collected for gram staining, urine analysis and urine culture. Bacterial patterns were classified though UF1000i (none, cocci bacteria or rods/mixed growth), UF-5000 (none, cocci, rods or mixed growth) and Gram stain. Results Among the 102 samples, there were 10 gram-positive cocci, 2 gram-positive bacilli, 66 gram-negative rods, and 24 mixed growth. The sensitivity/specificity of the UF-1000i was 81.8/91.1% for gram-negative rods and 23.5/96.9% for cocci/mixed. The sensitivity/specificity of the UF-5000 was 80.0/88.2% for gram negative rods and 70.0/86.5% for gram-positive cocci.ConclusionsThe UF-5000 demonstrated the good sensitivity and specificity for Gram-negative bacilli bacteria and demonstrated an improved sensitivity for detecting Gram-positive cocci.

A 10-YEAR REVIEW OF COMPARISON BETWEEN GRAM-POSITIVE AND GRAM-NEGATIVE ORGANISMS IN ACUTE THORACIC EMPYEMA

CHEST Journal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 45S
Author(s):  
Abhijit Duggal ◽  
Konstantinos Marmagkiolis ◽  
Lawrence Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Thoracic Empyema ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms
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