Lack of Long-term Effects of the Administration of Heptachlor to Suckling Rats

1972 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
José R. Cabral ◽  
Maria Cristina Testa ◽  
Benedetto Terracini
Keyword(s):  
Corn Oil ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Pituitary Tumors ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Stomach Tube ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
And Control ◽  
Lipomatous Tumors

95 Wistar rats were given 5 administrations of 10 mg/kg heptachlor in corn oil each by stomach tube, every second day starting at 10 days of age. Seven animals died before weaning. No early deaths were recorded among 36 controls given corn oil only. 29 experimental animals were killed at 60 weeks of age to detect early changes which were nevertheless absent. Growth and survival rates were similar in experimental and control animals. The incidence of tumors at different sites in males and that of adrenal, thyroid and pituitary tumors in females were comparable in both groups. 9 of 28 treated females developed a total of 12 tumors in various organs (including 5 mammary tumors and 2 renal lipomatous tumors) whereas 4 of 27 control females developed a total of 4 tumors (2 of which were located in the breast). In view of the different locations of the tumors and the lack of the reproducibility of the finding among males the results are not considered as evidence of carcinogenicity of heptachlor under the present experimental conditions.

Growth and Survival of Hormone-Sterilized Coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and Kokanee Salmon (O. nerka) in a Lacustrine Environment

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1490-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Parkinson ◽  
Kanji Tsumura
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Lacustrine Environment ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Kokanee Salmon ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Differential Vulnerability ◽  
Normal Life Span ◽  
And Control

Coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and kokanee salmon (O. nerka) were sterilized using 17α-methyltestosterone treatments and released into a lacustrine environment. The treatment appeared to be successful and sizes at capture were similar for treated and control fish. Return rates of hormone-treated groups of fish were much lower than those of the control groups. Differences in return rates were assumed to be due to differences in survival rates but the possibility of differential vulnerability to the capture gear could not be ruled out. The proportion of treated kokanee in the catch increased with age, indicating that treated kokanee survived beyond the normal life span of the species.

scholarly journals Stand Structure and Composition 32 Years after Precommercial Thinning Treatments in a Mixed Northern Conifer Stand in Central Maine

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron R. Weiskittel ◽  
Laura S. Kenefic ◽  
Rongxia Li ◽  
John Brissette
Keyword(s):  
Stand Structure ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Precommercial Thinning ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Stand Attributes ◽  
And Control

Abstract The effects of four precommercial thinning (PCT) treatments on an even-aged northern conifer stand in Maine were investigated by examining stand structure and composition 32 years after treatment. Replicated treatments applied in 1976 included: (1) control (no PCT), (2) row thinning (rowthin; 5-ft-wide row removal with 3-ft-wide residual strips), (3) row thinning with crop tree release (rowthin+CTR; 5-ft-wide row removal with crop tree release at 8-ft intervals in 3-ft-wide residual strips), and (4) crop tree release (CTR; release of selected crop trees at 8×8-ft intervals). PCT plots had more large trees and fewer small trees than the control in 2008. There were no other significant differences between the rowthin and control. The rowthin+CTR and CTR treatments had lower total and hardwood basal area (BA) and higher merchantable conifer BA than the control. CTR also resulted in more red spruce (Picea rubens [Sarg.]) and less balsam fir (Abies balsamea [L.]) than the other treatments. Although stand structures for rowthin+CTR and CTR were similar, the percentage of spruce in CTR was greater. Although the less-intensive rowthin+CTR treatment may provide many of the same benefits as CTR, the latter would be the preferred treatment if increasing the spruce component of a stand is an objective. Overall, early thinning treatments were found to have long-term effects on key stand attributes, even more than 30 years after treatment in areas with mixed species composition and moderate site potential.

Prognostic selection and long-term survival analysis to assess overdiagnosis risk in lung cancer screening randomized trials

2020 ◽  
pp. 096914132092303
Author(s):  
Eugenio Paci ◽  
Donella Puliti ◽  
Francesca Maria Carozzi ◽  
Laura Carrozzi ◽  
Fabio Falaschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Lung Cancer Screening ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
And Control ◽  
Screening Trial

Objectives Overdiagnosis in low-dose computed tomography randomized screening trials varies from 0 to 67%. The National Lung Screening Trial (extended follow-up) and ITALUNG (Italian Lung Cancer Screening Trial) have reported cumulative incidence estimates at long-term follow-up showing low or no overdiagnosis. The Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial attributed the high overdiagnosis estimate to a likely selection for risk of the active arm. Here, we applied a method already used in benefit and overdiagnosis assessments to compute the long-term survival rates in the ITALUNG arms in order to confirm incidence-excess method assessment. Methods Subjects in the active arm were invited for four screening rounds, while controls were in usual care. Follow-up was extended to 11.3 years. Kaplan-Meyer 5- and 10-year survivals of “resected and early” (stage I or II and resected) and “unresected or late” (stage III or IV or not resected or unclassified) lung cancer cases were compared between arms. Results The updated ITALUNG control arm cumulative incidence rate was lower than in the active arm, but this was not statistically significant (RR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.67–1.18). A compensatory drop of late cases was observed after baseline screening. The proportion of “resected and early” cases was 38% and 19%, in the active and control arms, respectively. The 10-year survival rates were 64% and 60% in the active and control arms, respectively ( p = 0.689). The five-year survival rates for “unresected or late” cases were 10% and 7% in the active and control arms, respectively ( p = 0.679). Conclusions This long-term survival analysis, by prognostic categories, concluded against the long-term risk of overdiagnosis and contributed to revealing how screening works.

scholarly journals Long-term efficacy of imatinib mesylate in patients with advanced Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. M. Verspoor ◽  
M. J. L. Mastboom ◽  
G. Hannink ◽  
R. G. Maki ◽  
A. Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Giant Cell ◽  
Imatinib Mesylate ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
The United States ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Giant Cell Tumors

Abstract Tenosynovial giant cell tumors (TGCT), are rare colony stimulating factor-1(CSF-1)-driven proliferative disorders affecting joints. Diffuse-type TGCT often causes significant morbidity due to local recurrences necessitating multiple surgeries. Imatinib mesylate (IM) blocks the CSF-1 receptor. This study investigated the long term effects of IM in TGCT. We conducted an international multi-institutional retrospective study to assess the activity of IM: data was collected anonymously from individual patients with locally advanced, recurrent or metastatic TGCT. Sixty-two patients from 12 institutions across Europe, Australia and the United States were identified. Four patients with metastatic TGCT progressed rapidly on IM and were excluded for further analyses. Seventeen of 58 evaluable patients achieved complete response (CR) or partial response (PR). One- and five-year progression-free survival rates were 71% and 48%, respectively. Thirty-eight (66%) patients discontinued IM after a median of 7 (range 1–80) months. Reported adverse events in 45 (78%) patients were among other edema (48%) and fatigue (50%), mostly grade 1–2 (89%). Five patients experienced grade 3–4 toxicities. This study confirms, with additional follow-up, the efficacy of IM in TGCT. In responding cases we confirmed prolonged IM activity on TGCT symptoms even after discontinuation, but with high rates of treatment interruption and additional treatments.

scholarly journals Effects of nutritional status and acute variation in substrate supply on cardiac and skeletal-muscle fructose 2,6-bisphosphate concentrations

1988 ◽  
Vol 250 (3) ◽  
pp. 773-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
T J French ◽  
M J Holness ◽  
P A MacLennan ◽  
M C Sugden
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Substrate Supply ◽  
Lipid Substrate

We examined the long-term effects of nutritional status and the acute effects of changes in exogenous carbohydrate- and lipid-substrate supply and utilization on fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (Fru-2,6-P2) concentrations in heart, gastrocnemius and soleus. Starvation decreased Fru-2,6-P2 concentrations in all three muscles. The acute administration of insulin and glucose increased skeletal-muscle Fru-2,6-P2 in the fed, but not in the starved, state, but cardiac Fru-2,6-P2 was unchanged. Cardiac and skeletal-muscle Fru-2,6-P2 concentrations were unaffected by acute increases in fatty acid supply produced by the administration of corn oil plus heparin, or by acute decreases in fatty acid supply produced by inhibition of lipolysis. Differences in cardiac and skeletal-muscle Fru-2,6-P2 concentrations observed in response to starvation were not reversed by administration of glucose or glucose plus insulin, or by inhibition of lipolysis, even though changes in citrate (heart), acylcarnitine (heart) and glycogen (skeletal muscle) were observed. Concentrations remained low for at least 8 h after chow re-feeding, but the fed value was restored by 24 h.

scholarly journals Early Life Maternal Separation and Maternal Behaviour Modulate Acoustic Characteristics of Rat Pup Ultrasonic Vocalizations

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine H. Kaidbey ◽  
Manon Ranger ◽  
Michael M. Myers ◽  
Muhammad Anwar ◽  
Robert J. Ludwig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Separation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Ultrasonic Vocalizations ◽  
Maternal Behaviour ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control

AbstractEarly separation of preterm infants from their mothers has adverse, long-term neurodevelopmental consequences. We investigated the effects of daily maternal separation (MS) of rat pups from postnatal days 2–10 (PND2–10) on neurobehavioural responses to brief isolation at PND12 compared with pups receiving controlled handling without MS. Ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) were measured at PND12 during two, 3-minute isolations occurring immediately before and after a 3-minute maternal reunion. There were no significant differences in acoustic characteristics between MS and control animals in the first isolation. However, in the second isolation, MS pups produced a greater proportion of high (~60 kHz) vs low (~40 kHz) frequency calls. During this isolation, control pups made longer and louder low frequency calls compared to the first isolation, whereas MS pups did the opposite. Maternal behaviour of control and MS mothers modulated pup acoustic characteristics in opposite directions; higher maternal care was associated with more low frequency calls in control pups but more high frequency calls in MS pups. We hypothesize that MS results in USV emission patterns reflective of a greater stress response to isolation. This translational model can be used to identify mechanisms and interventions that may be exploited to overcome the negative, long-term effects of MS.

Risks in the built environment

1981 ◽  
Vol 376 (1764) ◽  
pp. 151-165 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Accidental Injury ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
And Control ◽  
Transport Accidents

There are good statistics for deaths in transport accidents, fires, and from accidents in the home in Great Britain, and considerable (but less comprehensive) information about injuries and material damage. Information about the causes of these events is much more scanty, and little is known about the long-term effects of accidental injury. The available data are reviewed and the nature, magnitude and frequency of various kinds of risks are analysed for different age groups and in relation to environmental and other factors. The contribution of ‘volun­tary’ actions (notably alcohol and smoking) is assessed. Finally, the extent to which both actual and perceived risk can be modified by education, engineering (modifying the design of roads, vehicles, aircraft, homes and fittings), and the enforcement of regulations and control systems is evaluated. While costs cannot easily be measured, false perceptions of risk can lead to wasteful investment, and education and information are essential if resources are to be deployed where they will do most good.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of AposTherapy in Patients with Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Two-Year Followup

Arthritis ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaron Bar-Ziv ◽  
Eytan M. Debbi ◽  
Yuval Ran ◽  
Shaike Benedict ◽  
Nahum Halperin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Physical Scale ◽  
And Function ◽  
And Control ◽  
Knee Society Function Score

Several biomechanics treatments for knee osteoarthritis (OA) have emerged with the goal of reducing pain and improving function. Through this, researchers have hoped to achieve a transition from the pathological gait patterns to coordinated motor responses. The purpose of the study was to determine the long-term effects of a therapy using a biomechanical device in patients with knee OA. Patients with knee OA were enrolled to active and control groups. The biomechanical device used in therapy (AposTherapy) was individually calibrated to each patient in the active group. Patients in the control group received standard treatment. Outcomes were the Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Aggregated Locomotor Function (ALF), Short Form 36 (SF-36), and Knee Society Score assessments. The active and control groups were similar at the baseline (group difference in all scores ). The active group showed a larger improvement over time between groups in all three WOMAC categories (, 21.7, and 18.1 for pain, stiffness, and function; all ), SF-36 Physical Scale (; ), Knee Society Knee Score (; ), and Knee Society Function Score (; ). At the two-year endpoint, the active group showed significantly better results (all ). The groups showed a difference of 4.9, 5.6, and 4.7 for the WOMAC pain, stiffness, and function scores, respectively, 10.8 s in ALF score, 30.5 in SF-36 Physical Scale, 16.9 in SF-36 Mental Scale, 17.8 in Knee Society Knee Score, and 25.2 in Knee Society Function Score. The biomechanical therapy examined was shown to significantly reduce pain and improve function and quality of life of patients with knee OA over the long term.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document