scholarly journals Bovine Nasal Granuloma: Gross Microscopic Lesions

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Carbonell
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Granulation Tissue ◽  
Eosinophil Infiltration ◽  
Inhaled Particles ◽  
Inflammatory Changes ◽  
Superficial Lamina

The anterior nasal mucosa of 21 cattle had small closely-packed polypoid nodules. These had a distribution pattern similar to that of inhaled particles. Acute inflammatory changes consisting of eosinophil infiltration, mast cell and globule leucocyte hyperplasia, and oedema were frequent in the epithelium, terminal gland ducts and adjacent lamina propria. Epithelium over nodules was metaplastic to non-keratinising stratified squamous, whilst epithelium of terminal gland ducts was metaplastic to mucus-secreting pseudostratified columnar. Focal accumulation of granulation tissue between gland ducts caused herniations of the superficial lamina propria to form the nodules.

scholarly journals Is resveratrol therapeutic when used to treat allergic rhinitis in rats?

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazım Bozdemir ◽  
Ethem Şahin ◽  
Niyazi Altintoprak ◽  
Nuray B Muluk ◽  
Betül P Cengiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Mast Cell ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Goblet Cell ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Resveratrol Treatment ◽  
Vascular Congestion ◽  
And Control

Purpose: Resveratrol has anti-infective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of resveratrol in a rat experimental model of allergic rhinitis (AR). Methods: Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: control (n=7), AR with no treatment (AR+NoTr, n=7) and AR with resveratrol treatment (AR+Res, n=7). For AR+Res, AR was induced and resveratrol given on days 21-28. On day 28, the total blood IgE levels were measured. Allergic symptoms (sneezing, nose-rubbing, eye lacrimation and nasal congestion) were scored on a 0-3 point scale, and histopathological changes in the nasal mucosa were evaluated. Results: Allergic symptom score of AR+NoTr was higher than the other two groups and the score of AR+Res was higher than the control group. Histopathologically, neither ciliary loss nor chondrocyte hypertrophy differed among the three groups; however, vascular congestion, inflammatory and plasma cell numbers, eosinophil and mast cell infiltration and goblet cell numbers were higher and mast cell infiltration was more prominent in AR+NoTr than in AR+Res and control. AR+Res and control did not differ significantly in any histological parameter. In AR+NoTr, nasal mucosa exhibited ciliary loss, squamous epithelial metaplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration, vascular congestion of the lamina propria and goblet cell epithelial metaplasia. In AR+Res, goblet cell metaplasia was focal or absent and infiltration of the lamina propria by inflammatory cells, eosinophils, and plasma cells was reduced relative to AR+NoTr. Conclusion: Allergic symptoms and tissue reactions were reduced by resveratrol treatment in rats with experimentally-induced AR.

Reinke's Edema: Phonatory Mechanisms and Management Strategies

1997 ◽  
Vol 106 (7) ◽  
pp. 533-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Zeitels ◽  
Glenn W. Bunting ◽  
Robert E. Hillman ◽  
Traci Vaughn
Keyword(s):  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Vocal Fold Vibration ◽  
Reinke’S Edema ◽  
Subglottal Pressure ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Superficial Lamina

Reinke's edema (RE) has been associated typically with smoking and sometimes with vocal abuse, but aspects of the pathophysiology of RE remain unclear. To gain new insights into phonatory mechanisms associated with RE pathophysiology, weused an integrated battery of objective vocal function tests to analyze 20 patients (19 women) who underwent phonomicrosurgical resection. Preoperative stroboscopic examinations demonstrated that the superficial lamina propria is distended primarily on the superior vocal fold surface. Acoustically, these individuals have an abnormally low average speaking fundamental frequency (123 Hz), and they generate abnormally high average subglottal pressures (9.7 cm H20). The presence of elevated aerodynamic driving pressures reflects difficulties in producing vocal fold vibration that are most likely the result of mass loading associated with RE, and possibly vocal hyperfunction. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that in the environment of chronic glottal mucositis secondary to smoking and reflux, the cephalad force on the vocal folds by the subglottal driving pressure contributes to the superior distention of the superficial lamina propria. Surgical reduction of the volume of the superficial lamina propria resulted in a significant elevation in fundamental frequency (154 Hz) and improvement in perturbation measures. In almost all instances, both the clinician and the patient perceived the voice as improved. However, these patients continued to generate elevated subglottal pressure (probably a sign of persistent hyperfunction) that was accompanied by visually observed supraglottal strain despite the normalsized vocal folds. This finding suggests that persistent hyperfunctional vocal behaviors may contribute to postsurgical RE recurrence if therapeutic strategies are not instituted to modify such behavior.

scholarly journals Clinical Study of the Influence of Implants Made of Different Metals on the Physical Status of Experimental Animals

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
E. B Gatina ◽  
I. F Akhtyamov ◽  
F. V Shakirova ◽  
Zh. K Manirambona
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Physical Status ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Zirconium Nitrides ◽  
Systemic Level ◽  
Local Reactions ◽  
12X18h9t Steel ◽  
Inflammatory Changes

Biocompatibility of implants made of steel 12X18H9T, steel 12X18H9T coated with titanium and hafnium nitrides, and steel 12X18H9T coated with titanium and zirconium nitrides was studied in rats. Implants that represented pins 8-10 mm long and 0.5 mm in diameter were inserted intramedullary into the middle third of the tibia after drilling. The ends of pins were turned down and placed under the skin. The wound was sutured tightly. Dynamics of body weight and temperature as well as the condition of the hair, eyes, oral and nasal mucosa were assessed on days 10, 30, 60 and 90 after implantation. It was shown that implants coated with titanium and hafnium nitrides caused minimum systemic and local reactions while implantation of pins coated with titanium and zirconium nitrides resulted in the development of more pronounced inflammatory changes on both the local and systemic level.

Vocal Fold Submucosal Infusion Technique in Phonomicrosurgery

1996 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 341-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik S. Kass ◽  
Robert E. Hillman ◽  
Steven M. Zeitels
Keyword(s):  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Sulcus Vocalis ◽  
Infusion Technique ◽  
Superficial Lamina

Phonomicrosurgery is optimized by maximally preserving the vocal fold's layered microstructure (laminae propriae). The technique of submucosal infusion of saline and epinephrine into the superficial lamina propria (SLP) was examined to delineate how, when, and why it was helpful toward this surgical goal. A retrospective review revealed that the submucosal infusion technique was used to enhance the surgery in 75 of 152 vocal fold procedures that were performed over the last 2 years. The vocal fold epithelium was noted to be adherent to the vocal ligament in 29 of the 75 cases: 19 from previous surgical scarring, 4 from cancer, 3 from sulcus vocalis, 2 from chronic hemorrhage, and 1 from radiotherapy. The submucosal infusion technique was most helpful when the vocal fold epithelium required resection and/or when extensive dissection in the SLP was necessary. The infusion enhanced the surgery by vasoconstriction of the microvasculature in the SLP, which improved visualization during cold-instrument tangential dissection. Improved visualization facilitated maximal preservation of the SLP, which is necessary for optimal pliability of the overlying epithelium. The infusion also improved the placement of incisions at the perimeter of benign, premalignant, and malignant lesions, and thereby helped preserve epithelium uninvolved by the disorder.

scholarly journals Lymphocyte and mast cell counts are increased in the nasal mucosa in symptomatic natural colds

2003 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.-P. ALHO ◽  
T. J. KARTTUNEN ◽  
R. KARTTUNEN ◽  
H. TUOKKO ◽  
M. KOSKELA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Cell Counts

SCF and IL-5 Synergize with FIP1L1/PDGFRα To Induce Mastocytosis in a Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia Murine Model.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 3631-3631
Author(s):  
Yoshiyuki Yamada ◽  
Marc E. Rothenberg ◽  
Andrew W. Lee ◽  
Nabeel J.H. Al-Moamen ◽  
David A. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Hypereosinophilic Syndrome ◽  
Eosinophil Infiltration ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia ◽  
Multiple Organs

Abstract FIP1L1/PDGFRα (F/P) fusion protein has been identified as a cause of chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL)/hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES). Our group has previously described a murine CEL/HES model based on the expression of both F/P and T-cell-dependent overexpression of IL-5 (Yamada Y et al., Blood 2006), which develops a full hypereosinophilic syndrome with eosinophil infiltration into multiple organs similar to that observed in patients with CEL/HES (CEL-like mouse). Patients with F/P+ HES/CEL also display mastocytosis. Since mast cell (MC) development largely depends on c-kit signaling induced by its ligand SCF, we aimed to determine if SCF collaborates with the F/P fusion protein and IL-5 to enhance MC development. The CEL-like mice showed higher levels of MC infiltration in small intestine compared to transplanted mice with IL-5 transgenic HSC/P (control, Table 1). Interestingly, the intestinal MC infiltration of CEL-like mice was primarily associated with MC residing in the lamina propria and intraepithelial locations associated with villi; whereas MC in control mice were primarily in the crypt areas (47-fold higher mast cell levels in villi compared to those of control mice). In addition to the small intestine, skin MC infiltration was also significantly increased in CEL-like mice (Table 1). Notably, F/P+ BM hematopoietic stem cell/progenitor (HSC/P) showed proliferation and MC differentiation in vitro in the absence of cytokines (2.3-fold cell expansion, 54% c-kit+/FcεRIα+ cells) while empty vector (EGFP alone)-transduced (control) HSC/P did not survive in this culture condition. Such an expansion became even higher (36-fold expansion, 90% c-kit+/FcεRIα+ cells and 2,000-fold higher than control HSC/P) in the presence of low-concentration of SCF (10 ng/ml) for 3 weeks in culture. In contrast, culture with no cytokines or low-dose of SCF did not induce any MC development from control HSC/P. Unlike low-concentration of SCF, IL-3 (100 ng/ml), which induces a rapid and significant MC expansion in control cells, impaired MC development of F/P+ HSC/P (129-fold lower expansion at 3 weeks of culture), suggesting that MC proliferation induced by F/P expression may trigger different signaling pathways than during normal MC differentiation induced by IL-3. In summary, the F/P fusion protein induces murine mastocytosis via SCF/c-kit signaling, which is synergistically enhanced by IL-5 overexpression. Table 1. Tissue Mast Cell Infiltration (Mast Cells/mm2) Control (IL-5 overexpressing) mice CEL-like mice *p<0.05 compared to control; n=4, per group Small Intestine 144 ± 70.2 964 ± 316.5* Skin 129 ± 33.2 208 ± 42.8*

Mast cell stabilizers

1992 ◽  
Vol 107 (6_part_2) ◽  
pp. 841-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hueston C. King
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Mast Cell ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Nasal Polyps ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Vasomotor Rhinitis ◽  
Ige Mediated ◽  
Exercise Induced

The precise mode of action of the well-studied cromolyn sodium and the newer nedocromil sodium has not been completely elucidated. Because the drugs do not pass the cell membrane and enter the cell, they are virtually not metabolized, do not exert a systemic action, and therefore are associated with only minimal systemic toxicity. To be effective either drug must be applied topically and directly to the nasal mucosa. Proper contact with the nasal mucosa is essential for efficacy; in patients with nasal congestion and secretions, vasoconstrictors or saline lavages are indicated before cromolyn or nedocromil use. Both products are highly effective in patients who have IgE-mediated allergic rhinitis but must be administered prophylactically before exposure to an allergen to prevent development of the allergic event. Neither drug is effective in vasomotor rhinitis, exercise-induced rhinitis, or in the management of nasal polyps. Correct diagnosis is essential before therapy.

Studies on host resistance to secondary infections of Raillietina cesticillus Molin, 1858 in the fowl

Parasitology ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Eosinophil Infiltration ◽  
Local Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Drug ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Worms of secondary infections of Raillietina cesticillus established in 10-week-old birds but failed to grow mature strobilae. This was taken as an indication of resistance to the cestode. The resistance was inhibited by the immunosuppressant and anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone, which prevented the local inflammation around attached scolices characteristic of secondary infections of R. cesticillus. Mast cell hyperactivity and eosinophil infiltration in intestinal tissues and immunofluorescent antibodies in sera of infected birds were also demonstrated. Scolices without strobilae from refractory hosts with both primary and secondary infections regrew their strobilae when transplanted into susceptible hosts.

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