scholarly journals Pathology of Vitamin D Deficiency in Growing Turkeys

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. R. Hedstrom ◽  
N. F. Cheville ◽  
R. L. Horst
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Femoral Bone ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Hypertrophic Chondrocyte ◽  
Turkey Poults ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Plasma Alkaline Phosphatase

Turkey poults were fed a vitamin D-deficient diet and examined for clinical signs and structural changes of bone and parathyroid glands. Vitamin D-deficient poults developed ricketic changes during days 10 to 14. Control poults (deficient diet plus vitamin D) did not develop rickets. In deficient poults, lengths of proliferating-prehypertrophied zones of growth plates increased significantly in the proximal tibiotarsus but were only slightly elongated in the distal tibiotarsus. Unmineralized hypertrophic chondrocyte zones increased in length rapidly in conjunction with a decrease in the length of mineralized hypertrophic degenerative zones; this occurred more rapidly in proximal than in distal tibiotarsus. Other ricketic changes included decreases in bone ash, total femoral bone ash (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium), bone length, and body weight. Plasma alkaline phosphatase was increased, calcium was normal, and phosphorus was normal or elevated. Parathyroids were hyperplastic and had foci of degeneration. Vitamin D3 metabolites 25OHD3, 1,25(OH)2D3, and 24,25(OH)2D3 were rapidly depleted. Increase in bone ash Ca/P ratios in deficient poults suggests that phosphorus may be selectively released from ricketic bone. Low 25OHD3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 of control poults early in the experiment suggests that 1,400 IU of vitamin D3/kg of feed may not be an adequate level of vitamin D3 for growing turkey poults.

Studies of the skeleton of the sheep VIII. Studies of the effects of protein and energy intake on productivity and skeletal mineralization in the pregnant and lactating ewe

1962 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Duckworth ◽  
D. Benzie ◽  
E. Cresswell ◽  
R. Hill ◽  
A. W. Boyne
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Lamb Growth ◽  
Skeletal Mineralization

1. Effects on productivity and skeletal mineralization of high as opposed to moderate levels of protein and, or, energy intake by the ewe during pregnancy and lactation in the presence of adequate calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D have been studied.2. Two experiments were undertaken. One experiment used 4½-year-old Cheviot ewes and the other used 3½- and 4½-year-old Scottish Blackface ewes. Weight records, blood samples and in vivo and flesh-free radiographs were obtained, and bone ash determinations were carried out.3. The results showed that contrary to indications from earlier experiments in this series superiority in ewe weight, lamb growth, and mineralization of the ewe skeleton did not necessarily result from raising the protein and, or, energy values of the feed above the ‘moderate’ level.4. Discrepancies between the in vivo and flesh - free radiological assessments were noted for consideration.

PREMATURITY AND RICKETS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-77
Author(s):  
S. Eek ◽  
L. H. Gabrielsen ◽  
S. Halvorsen
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Adequate Supply ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus

Sixty-nine premature infants receiving different dietaries and with birth weights below 2,000 gm were studied with chemical, clinical and radiologic methods. Vitamin D was given to all infants from the age of 4 days. The concentrations of calcium, phosphorus and phosphatase in the serum showed variations toward those seen in active rickets. These changes were somewhat more marked in infants fed human milk than cow's milk. Supplementation of human milk with dried skimmed cow's milk did not significantly alter these changes. Craniotabes was more frequently seen in premature infants fed human milk than cow's milk. Otherwise, no clinical signs of rickets were found. All the premature infants were born with a metaphyseal zone of rarefaction. These zones are believed to be the result of a disturbance in ossification which occured during the last weeks of pregnancy, perhaps caused by a factor which was also responsible for the premature birth. They gradually merge with the general osteoporosis developing 10 to 13 weeks after birth. Later, periosteal double contours are visible. These double contours are the first signs of an improved mineralization. There was no correlation between abnormal chemical findings and the most conspicuous radiologic or clinical findings. No case of recognizable rickets was observed among the infants studied. This risk of rickets, despite an adequate supply of vitamin D, is probably not as great as stated by previous investigators, and is probably the same whether the infants are fed human milk or cow's milk.

scholarly journals Influence of dietary 1αlpha-hydroxycholecalciferol, individually or in combination with microbial phytase in calcium and phosphorus deficient diets on growth performance and tibia parameter of Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica)

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 42540
Author(s):  
Farshd Kheiri ◽  
Mohammad Poshtvar ◽  
Sayed Mohammad Ali Jalali Haji Abadi ◽  
Nasir Landy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Japanese Quails ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Microbial Phytase ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Tibia Ash

  The effect of 1α-OH-D3 in calcium-phosphorus (Ca-P) deficient diets on Japanese quail growth performance and tibia parameters was investigated. Eight-day-old (n = 160) newly hatched quails were weighed and randomly allocated to 20 groups, each with 4 replicate pens of 8 birds. Treatments were as follows: T1, Ca-P-adequate; T2,Ca-P-deficient; T3, Ca-P-deficient + 500 FTU kg-1 of phytase (Ph); T4, Ca-P-deficient diet + 5 µg kg-1 of 1α-OH-D3; T5,Ca-P-deficient + Ph + 5 µg kg-1 of 1α-OH-D3. Results showed that quails fed Ca-P-adequate had significantly higher body weight compared with quails fed Ca-P-deficient, Ca-P deficient supplemented with 1α-OH-D3 and Ca-P-deficient supplemented with 1α-OH-D3 and phytase, but did not differ from Ca-P-deficient diet supplemented with phytase. Quails fed Ca-P deficient were unable to achieve FCR comparable to quails fed Ca-P-adequate (p < 0.05). The percentage of bone ash data indicated that quails fed Ca-P-adequate had higher tibia ash compared with other groups except for quails fed Ca-P deficient diet supplemented with combination of 1α-OH-D3 and phytase. Quails fed Ca-P-adequate had higher tibia P compared with quails fed Ca-P-deficient. In conclusion, these results indicated that quails fed Ca-P-deficient supplemented with 5 µg kg-1 of 1α-OH-D3 in combination of 500 FTU kg-1 of phytase were able to achieve the same tibia ash and Ca compared with quails fed Ca-P-adequate. 

scholarly journals Hypophosphatemic Rickets in Rheas (Rhea americana)

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gröne ◽  
D. E. Swayne ◽  
L. A. Nagode
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Growth Plate ◽  
Serum Analysis ◽  
Serum Phosphorus ◽  
Hypophosphatemic Rickets ◽  
Femoral Bone ◽  
Rhea Americana ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Feed Analysis ◽  
25 Oh Vitamin D

Rickets was diagnosed in 11 rheas from four flocks in Ohio. At necropsy, birds had pliable bones with prominent valgus or varus deformation of the femoral bone and/or the tibiotarsal bone, marked thickening of the metaphyseal plates, and frequent fractures. Histopathologically, bones of rachitic birds showed marked retention of cartilage core within the growth plate, mainly because of a significant lengthening of the hypertrophied zone of the growth plate in relationship to the remaining zones. Feed analysis showed that rachitic; birds were fed diets having higher calcium/phosphorus (Ca/P) ratios (1.38-4.32) than that of the diet fed to nonrachitic birds from a different flock (0.65 Ca/P ratio). Serum analysis of blood from clinically rachitic birds from the affected flocks revealed a marked hypophosphatemia (3.0-4.7 mg/dl), mild hypocalcemia, and normal 25-(OH)-vitamin D concentrations as compared with values in nonrachitic birds, which had serum phosphorus concentrations of 8.5-8.7 mg/dl. These findings suggest that rickets in growing rheas was associated with marked hypophosphatemia and improper Ca/P ratios.

Pathology of Experimental Vitamin D Deficiency in Chickens and Effects of Treatment with Vitamin D Metabolites

1981 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 638-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. F. Cheville ◽  
R. L. Horst
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Bone Lesions ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolites ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Ultimobranchial Body ◽  
Growth Cartilage ◽  
Bone Deformities

Structural changes in bone, parathyroid, and ultimobranchial body were examined in three groups of chicks fed a vitamin D-deficient diet; one group was treated with vitamin D3 and another with 1,25(OH)2D3. Diets were fed from day of hatching until 5 weeks old, when deficient chicks were near death due to hypocalcemic tetany, loss of fat and muscle, and marked bone deformities. In deficient chicks, parathyroid mass increased linearly to 7.5 times normal at 5 weeks. Parathyroid cells were irregular and vacuolated, with few granules. Vitamin D3 treatment (daily from hatching) prevented these changes. Chicks treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 had normal parathyroids until the fifth week, when parathyroid mass increased greatly. There were few differences in length of growth cartilage, but marked changes in length of metaphyses. Deficient chicks had metaphyses nearly five times longer than vitamin D3-treated chicks. Metaphyses in chicks given 1,25(OH)2D3 were twice as long as those of vitamin D-treated chicks at 5 weeks. Both osteoblasts and osteoclasts were more numerous in deficient chicks. These studies suggest that vitamin D3 is more effective than 1,25(OH)2D3 in preventing parathyroid and bone lesions of vitamin D deficiency.

CALCIUM, PHOSPHORUS AND VITAMIN D REQUIREMENTS OF CHICKENS

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-176
Author(s):  
J. D. SUMMERS ◽  
W. F. PEPPER ◽  
S. J. SLINGER
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Vitamin D Requirements

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the interrelationships of calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D3 on weight gain, feed efficiency and percent bone ash. With White Leghorn cockerel chicks, carried to 4 weeks of age, a significant improvement in feed efficiency was observed with increasing levels of vitamin D3. With a faster growing strain of broiler type chicks, a significant interaction between calcium and vitamin D3 and calcium and phosphorus was observed with the 58-day weight. Interactions were also observed between calcium and vitamin D3 and vitamin D3 and phosphorus as measured by percent bone ash. The results would suggest that it is not possible to state specific requirements for calcium, phosphorus or vitamin D3 without considering the levels of these three nutrients and also the level of phytin phosphorus in a diet.

scholarly journals HYPOVITAMINOSIS D

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1535-1540
Author(s):  
Ghazala Ahmad ◽  
Nadeem Hashmat ◽  
Naureen Kanwal Satti
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Pediatric Clinic ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms

Objectives: To determine the frequency of vitamin D deficiency in children under12 years of age in the absence of significant clinical signs and symptoms in an ambulatory caresettings. Study Design: Descriptive study. Settings and duration: This study was conductedin Pediatric Out Patient Department of KAUH from June 2013 to June 2014. Materials andmethods: Patients attending the pediatric clinic in KAUH Riyadh, KSA, from June2013 to June2014, in which 287 healthy children under 12 years were enrolled. Serum calcium, phosphorus,alkaline phosphatase and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] were measured .X ray wrists weretaken for radiological evidence of rickets. 25(OH) D levels <50 ng/mL and <25 ng/mL weredefined as insufficiency and severe vitamin D deficiency, respectively. Results: A high prevalenceof vitamin D deficiency is observed in healthy children even in absence of clinical signs andsymptoms. The problem should be highlighted and there is a need to create awareness amongpeople about the etiology of vitamin D deficiency and its prevention.There is a strong need forlong term planning including populationscreening, dietary supplementation with vitamin D andfood fortification.

Status of Serum calcium, phosphorus and Vitamin D

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 329-330
Author(s):  
Saira Baloch ◽  
◽  
Bikha Ram Devrajani ◽  
Aneela Atta-ur-Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus

Vitamin D Provision in High-Yield Dairy Cows During the Winter Housing Period

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
L. Yuskiv ◽  
V. Vlizlo
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Level ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Oral Supplementation ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Vitamin D 3

Aim. To investigate the vitamin D status in highly productive cows during winter housing period and effect of cholecalciferol by various ways of vitamin D 3 injection to cows in last days of gestation and after calving. Methods. Enzyme-linked immunoassay, spectrophotometry. Results. It has been stated that intramuscular injection of cholecalciferol into cows caused increase of the vitamin D 3 active metabolite – 25-OHD 3 , calcium, phosphorus and magnesium levels together with decrease of alkaline phosphatase level in pre- and post-natal periods. Oral supplementation makes little infl uence on the studied blood parameters of cows. Conclusions. Extrabuccal administration and oral supplementation of cholecalciferol in winter housing period to high-yield cows in the last days of gestation and after calving is accompanied by increased levels of its metabolites and their effect on mineral metabolism in the postnatal period. The nature of these changes depends on the mode of vitamin D administration and the physiological state of the cows.

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