Individual and Institutional Characteristics Related to Inmate Victimization

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deanna M. Pérez ◽  
Angela R. Gover ◽  
Kristin M. Tennyson ◽  
Saskia D. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Characteristics ◽  
Inmate Victimization

Exploring Associations Between Interpersonal Violence and Prison Size in Spanish Prisons

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (14) ◽  
pp. 2019-2043
Author(s):  
Francisco Caravaca-Sánchez ◽  
Nancy Wolff ◽  
Brent Teasdale
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
The United States ◽  
Institutional Characteristics ◽  
Qualitative Investigation ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Male Inmates ◽  
Size Data ◽  
Inmate Victimization

The majority of research based on prisons in the United States has found a positive association between prison size and inmate victimization. This study estimates rates and identifies inmate and institutional characteristics associated with victimization in the Spanish prisons, with special attention on the prison size. Data were collected from a sample of male inmates aged 18 years or older ( n = 2,484) located in eight prisons in the southeast of Spain. Holding inmate characteristics constant, rates of victimization were significantly and substantively higher in larger prisons. Understanding the prison size–victimization association requires further qualitative investigation to identify whether size creates more spaces for victimization (structural opportunities) and/or lapses in supervision due to depersonalization or impersonalization (social distancing).

scholarly journals Do Colleges Perform the Same Following Developmental Education Reform? The Case of Florida’s Senate Bill 1720

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinye Hu ◽  
Shouping Hu
Keyword(s):  
Education Reform ◽  
Developmental Education ◽  
White Students ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Institutional Characteristics ◽  
College Level ◽  
Passing Rates ◽  
College System ◽  
Institutional Differences ◽  
Florida College

AbstractDevelopmental education (DE) reform took place among the 28 Florida College System (FCS) institutions in 2014. In this study, we examine how cohort-based passing rates in college-level English and math courses changed at different colleges for pre- and post-policy period and explore what institutional characteristics were related with various institutional trajectories of cohort-based course passing rates in the post-policy period. Employing longitudinal data analysis, we found that colleges performed similarly regarding cohort-based passing rates in both college-level English and combined math courses before DE reform and had a similar elevation in the cohort-based English course passing rates when DE reform took place in 2014. However, colleges experienced different change patterns in the years following DE reform. Specifically, colleges located in rural areas and with more White students experienced relatively lower college-level English passing rates in the post-policy period than their counterparts. Different colleges had slight differences in the trajectory of college-level math passing rates by cohort after SB 1720 in 2014, but institutional characteristics in this study did not adequately capture inter-institutional differences.

A cascade of exclusion: administrative burdens and access to citizenship in the case of Argentina’s National Identity Document

2021 ◽  
pp. 002085232098454
Author(s):  
Mariana Chudnovsky ◽  
Rik Peeters
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Institutional Characteristics ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Administrative Capacity ◽  
Identity Document ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Social Protection Systems

Administrative burdens can hinder people’s social, political and economic participation. However, most empirical studies usually tackle the issue of how they affect access to citizenship merely indirectly. This article examines administrative exclusion from Argentina’s National Identity Document and its effects on a key social policy: the Universal Child Allowance. Findings indicate that: (1) administrative exclusion from official identity documents ‘feeds back’ into the construction of a vulnerable target group that is systematically excluded from social benefits and public services; and (2) limitations in the administrative capacity for identity registration and documentation ‘trickle down’ to complications in the implementation of social policies as target groups remain ‘off the radar’. Findings also demonstrate the importance of understanding administrative burdens as a systemic issue. Burdens manifest themselves at the level of citizen–state interactions but their causes and consequences are tied up with intractable institutional characteristics, administrative capacities and social inequalities. Points for practitioners Efforts by developing countries to develop effective social protection systems are often thwarted by limitations in the state’s capacity to identify and reach marginalized citizens. This suggests the need for a systemic perspective of the state’s entire capacity instead of merely focusing on the design of social protection programmes. Specifically, we demonstrate that complete, accessible and up-to-date civil registries, identity documents and other forms of registration are a precondition for transforming formal rights into a tangible reality for citizens.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the social vulnerability assessment to climate change applied to fisheries from Spain and Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Gómez Murciano ◽  
Yajie Liu ◽  
Vahdet Ünal ◽  
José Luis Sánchez LIzaso
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Institutional Characteristics ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
Fishing Sector ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

AbstractThe aim of this study is to assess the climate effects on fisheries from a bottom-up approach based on fishers’ fishing experience, knowledge, and perceptions. To perform this task, a social vulnerability assessment was conducted in two different fishing areas: one in Spain and the other one in Turkey. The vulnerability was measured using the collected data and information through a structured questionnaire, and surveys were carried out among fishers in the Castelló (Spain) and the Aegean Sea (Turkey) between 2018 and 2019. Overall, the results indicated that the two studied regions have a moderate to high vulnerability and that the Aegean Sea was slightly more vulnerable than Castelló. It was also found that storms and temperature are the main climatic stressors that affect the fishing sector, and the economic indicators such as revenue from fishing in both regions showed high degrees of sensitivity. To reduce the vulnerability to climate change, adaptive measures should be implemented while taking into consideration the specific socio-economic and institutional characteristics of each region. In conclusion, the effects of climate change on the fishing sector and their social vulnerability are diverse. Consequently, there is no single climate measure that can minimize the vulnerability of fishing sectors in different regions.

scholarly journals Institutional Abuse – Characteristics of Victims, Perpetrators and Organsations: a Systematic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.S. Kamavarapu ◽  
Michael Ferriter ◽  
S. Morton ◽  
B. Völlm
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Institutional Characteristics ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Individual Client ◽  
Institutional Abuse ◽  
Abuse Characteristics ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Vulnerable Adults

AbstractBackgroundAbuse of vulnerable adults in institutional settings has been reported from various countries; however, there has been no systematic review of the characteristics of the victims and their abusers. Our aim was to identify and synthesise the literature on victims, perpetrators and institutions where abuse occured in order to inform interventions to prevent such abuse.MethodsSearches of MEDLINE (OVID), CINHAL (EBSCO), EMBASE (OVID) and PsychINFO (OVID) databases identified 4279 references. After screening of titles and abstracts, 123 citations merited closer inspection. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 22 articles were included in the review.ResultsOur review suggested that the evidence available on risk factors is not extensive but some conclusions can be drawn. Clients, staff, institutional and environmental factors appear to play a role in increasing the risk of abuse.ConclusionsVulnerable clients need closer monitoring. Clients and staff may lack the awareness and knowledge to identify and report abuse. Institutions should take proactive steps to monitor clients, train staff and devise systems that allow for the identification and prevention of incidents of abuse.There is a need for further research into the associations between the individual client, staff, institutional characteristics and abuse.

African-American Student Perceptions of Predominately White Campuses: The Importance of Institutional Characteristics Relating to Racial Climate

2003 ◽  
Vol os-20 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda T. King ◽  
Thomas E. Ford
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Student Perceptions ◽  
White Students ◽  
African American Students ◽  
African American Student ◽  
Institutional Characteristics ◽  
Racial Climate ◽  
Campus Environment ◽  
Predominately White ◽  
American Students

The Campus Climate Survey was developed to identify the institutional characteristics of predominately white colleges or universities (PWCUs) that African-American students perceive as important predictors of the quality of the campus environment. We examined whether African-American and White students differentially consider institutional characteristics relating to racial climate to evaluate the campus environment. The survey was administered to 131 African-American and 247 White high school seniors and college students. Results suggest that African-Americans were especially attuned to racial climate characteristics. Furthermore, these racial climate characteristics are uniquely important for African-American students: they mattered to them but not to Whites. Indeed, the general institutional characteristics (non-racial climate related) were more important for determining social comfort for White students.

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