Examination of the Weinberger Adjustment Inventory—Short Form Among Portuguese Young Adults: Psychometrics and Measurement Invariance

2022 ◽  
pp. 0306624X2110668
Author(s):  
Pedro Pechorro ◽  
Matt DeLisi ◽  
Andreia Freitas ◽  
Rui Abrunhosa Gonçalves ◽  
Cristina Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Current Sample ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
Distress Scale

The Weinberger Adjustment Inventory—Short Form (WAI-SF) is a multidimensional measure of behavioral adjustment frequently used with forensic, clinical, and community populations. However, no previous studies have examined the WAI-SF from a more modern psychometric perspective including second-order models, measurement invariance and a better estimation of reliability. The current sample is composed of female and male young adults ( N = 610, M = 21.33 years, SD = 3.09, range = 18–37) from a university context in Portugal. Results indicated that both the four-factor intercorrelated and the four-factor second order models of the WAI-SF Distress and Restraint scales showed good fits. The WAI-SF Distress and Restraint scales were negatively and significantly correlated, and the intercorrelations between the subscales of each scale ranged from moderate to high. The WAI-SF scales and subscales mostly showed adequate to good reliability in terms of McDonald’s Omega and the more traditional Cronbach’s Alpha. Strong cross-gender measurement invariance was demonstrated, with females scoring significantly higher than males on the Anxiety subscale of the Distress scale, and on the Suppression of Aggression, Impulse Control, Consideration of Others, Responsibility subscales, and Restraint scale. The WAI-SF scales and subscales showed distinctive correlates with other measures (e.g., low self-control, psychopathy) and variables (e.g., delinquency seriousness, substance use). Considering our findings, the use of the WAI-SF is recommended among the Portuguese young adult population and its use in criminological research is encouraged.

Revisiting the Suppression Relationship Between Social Learning and Self-Control on Software Piracy

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Burruss ◽  
Thomas J. Holt ◽  
Adam Bossler
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Social Learning ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Software Piracy ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Learning Factor ◽  
Low Self Control

This study attempted to confirm the existence of a suppression situation among social learning, low self-control, and software piracy measures. Using a cross-sectional study of middle and high school students, structural equation modeling was used to confirm the measurement of a second-order social learning factor and the existence of a mediated suppression situation of low self-control through social learning on software piracy. The existence of a suppression situation was confirmed when low self-control was modeled with an indirect effect through social learning: The direct effect of low self-control on software piracy flipped direction from positive to negative and social learning’s direct effect size increased. This suppression situation was only demonstrated when social learning was modeled as a second-order latent factor. Future research of social learning should consider how its indicators are measured and the importance for the use of all social learning subdomains.

Cyberstalking Perpetration Among Young Adults: An Assessment of the Effects of Low Self-Control and Moral Disengagement

2021 ◽  
pp. 001112872198907
Author(s):  
Erica R. Fissel ◽  
Bonnie S. Fisher ◽  
Joseph L. Nedelec
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Low Self Control

The current study sought to explain cyberstalking perpetration using low self-control and moral disengagement frameworks. Self-report survey data collected from a Mechanical Turk sample of 1,500 young adults aged 18 to 25 years old revealed that approximately 22% of the sample had engaged in cyberstalking perpetration during their lifetime. Findings also generally supported the self-control and moral disengagement frameworks. Respondents with higher levels of low self-control were more likely to engage in cyberstalking perpetration, as were those respondents who had a higher moral disengagement score. The interaction between low self-control and moral disengagement, however, did not yield a significant effect.

Low Self-Control and Cybercrime Victimization: An Examination of Indirect Effects Through Risky Online Behavior

2021 ◽  
pp. 001112872110617
Author(s):  
Raymond D. Partin ◽  
Ryan C. Meldrum ◽  
Peter S. Lehmann ◽  
Sinchul Back ◽  
Elisa M. Trucco
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Routine Activities ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Online Behavior ◽  
Criminal Victimization ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Self Control

Research has established that individuals lower in self-control are at increased risk of offline criminal victimization due to their proclivity to engage in risky routine activities. While some studies have investigated whether a similar pattern is observed in the online context, additional inquiry into whether the link between low self-control and cybercrime victimization operates indirectly through risky online behavior is warranted given certain measurement and methodological limitations of prior research. Using original data collected on a sample of young adults, we find that the association between low self-control and a variety measure of cybercrime victimization operates entirely and indirectly through a variety measure of risky online behaviors. The implications of this finding for policy and programing are discussed.

scholarly journals Non-compliance with COVID-19-related public health measures among young adults: Insights from a longitudinal cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Nivette ◽  
Denis Ribeaud ◽  
Aja Louise Murray ◽  
Annekatrin Steinhoff ◽  
Laura Bechtiger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort Study ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Antisocial Youth ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Background: Do young adults have low compliance rates with public health measures aimed at curbing the spread of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)? This paper leverages a prospective-longitudinal cohort study with data before and during the pandemic to examine this question.Methods: Data came from an ongoing cohort study (n=737). Non-compliance with public health measures and concurrent correlates were measured at age 22. Antecedent sociodemographic, social, and psychological factors were measured at ages 15-20.Findings: Young adults generally complied with COVID-19 public health measures, although compliance with some measures (e.g., cleaning/disinfecting mobile phones, standing 1.5-2 meters apart) was relatively lower. Non-compliance, especially with hygiene-related measures, was more prevalent in males, and in individuals with higher education, higher SES, and a non- migrant background. Non-compliance was associated with “antisocial potential,” including pre-pandemic low acceptance of moral rules, legal cynicism, low shame/guilt, low self-control, engagement in delinquent behaviors, and association with delinquent peers. Young adults with low trust, including in the government’s measures for fighting the virus, also complied less.Interpretation: In order to increase voluntary compliance with COVID-19 measures, public health campaigns should implement strategies that foster moral obligation and trust in authorities, or leverage trustworthy individuals in the community to disseminate information. For young adults with low self-control, self-monitoring, environmental restructuring, or nudging may increase compliance. Long-term investments into integrating antisocial youth into society may decrease rule-breaking behaviors, including during pandemics when compliance saves lives.

Low self-control and the adoption of street code values among young adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 118-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan McNeeley ◽  
Ryan Charles Meldrum ◽  
Anthony W. Hoskin
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Low Self Control

scholarly journals Psychometric Evaluation and Comparison of Two Gaming Disorder Measures Derived From the DSM-5 and ICD-11 Frameworks

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin-Yi Wang ◽  
Cecilia Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Factor Loading ◽  
Partial Metric ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Internet Gaming

Gaming disorder was listed as a condition for further study in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) in 2013, and measures of the disorder have mushroomed in the years since. The Gaming Disorder Test (GDT) was developed after gaming disorder was officially included in the 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) in 2018. However, it remains unknown whether the GDT, which is based on the ICD-11 framework, is psychometrically similar to or different from the popular nine-item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGDS9-SF) based on the DSM-5 framework. To address this important but unexplored issue, the present study evaluated and compared the psychometric properties of the GDT and IGDS9-SF in a sample of 544 adult gamers (56.2% men; mean age = 28.8, SD = 8.55). The results revealed both measures to have good reliability, structural validity, and criterion validity, with the exception of one IGDS9-SF item with a low factor loading. Moreover, the IGDS9-SF exhibited scalar measurement invariance for gender and age but only partial metric invariance for employment status, whereas the GDT exhibited scalar measurement invariance for all three demographic characteristics. Finally, the GDT displayed incremental validity over the IGDS9-SF in explaining gaming time, but not social anxiety and depressive symptoms. This study thus contributes to the literature by comparing measures derived from distinct gaming disorder diagnostic frameworks empirically. Recommendations for the selection of gaming disorder measures by researchers and practitioners are discussed.

Factor Structure of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) Among Emerging Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 616-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa L. Bessaha
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Psychological Distress Scale ◽  
Distress Scale ◽  
Kessler Psychological Distress Scale

Objective: Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the factor structure of the 6-item version of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6). Methods: A subsample of emerging adults, aged 18–29 ( n = 20,699), from the 2013 National Survey of Drug Use and Health were used in this study. Results: Each of the models (one-factor, two-factor depression and anxiety and second-order two-factor psychological distress by depression and anxiety) demonstrated good fit, with significant loadings on each factor. The second-order two-factor model and the two-factor model were equivalent and a better fit than the one-factor model. Conclusions: Findings suggest that researchers and practitioners may confidently use the K6 to screen for psychological distress symptoms within the emerging adult population.

scholarly journals Validation of an Extended Violent Ideations Scale to measure both non-sexual and sexual violent ideations (The VIS-X)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlota Urruela ◽  
Tom Booth ◽  
Manuel Eisner ◽  
Denis Ribeaud ◽  
Aja Louise Murray
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Calibration Sample ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
Item Scale

A previous study by Murray et al. (2018) designed and validated a multi-item instrument for the assessment of violent ideations, the “Violent Ideations Scale” (VIS) in a sample of older Swiss adolescents (n=1276) who were part of the z-proso study. However, the final 12-item scale contained no items relating to sexual violence. The current study explores an expansion of the original VIS to include further items related to the ideation of sexual violence and seeks to investigate the psychometric properties of this new version: the Violent Ideations Scale-Expanded (VIS-X). The VIS-X was completed by participants in the latest wave of the z-proso study. The sample consisted of 1177 participants (597 females and 580 males), aged 19 to 22. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted in a calibration sample and confirmatory factor analysis in a validation sample to evaluate dimensionality resulting in two subscales: one containing items related to general violent ideations (VIS-X-Gen) and one related to violent sexual ideations (VIS-X-Sex). Cronbach’s Alpha ( =.96 for both subscales) and Composite Reliability (CR = .90 for the VIS-X-Gen subscale and .80 for the VIS-X-Sex subscale) indicated good reliability values. A multi-group confirmatory factor analysis revealed that measurement invariance held across genders. A Nomological analysis showed significant positive relationships with relevant constructs of low self-control, bullying, intimate partner violence and consumption of problematic media content. The results support the use of the VIS-X in measuring sexual violent ideations alongside other forms of violent ideations.

scholarly journals The Development of the Turkish Craving for Online Shopping Scale: A Validation Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Savci ◽  
Erol Ugur ◽  
Mustafa Ercengiz ◽  
Mark D. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Unidimensional Structure

AbstractIn the present study, the Turkish version of the Craving for Online Shopping Scale (TCOSS) was developed by modifying items on the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS). The sample comprised 475 adult volunteers (233 women and 242 men) from three different non-clinical samples recruited online. The structure validity of the TCOSS was examined utilizing exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and criterion validity testing. The EFA showed that the TCOSS had a unidimensional structure that explained 80% of the total variance. The five-item unidimensional structure of the TCOSS then underwent further testing using two different samples. First, the structure of the TCOSS was tested using CFA, which confirmed the unidimensional factor structure. Second, measurement invariance of the TCOSS was conducted through structural invariance, metric invariance, and scalar invariance across different samples. This demonstrated the TCOSS had measurement invariance across different samples (CFA and criterion validity samples). Criterion validity of the TCOSS was tested using the Internet Addiction Test-Short Form, Brief Self-Control Scale, Compulsive Online Shopping Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and self-reported personal information. According to the criterion validity results, the TCOSS assessed the structure it targets. Cronbach’s α internal consistency coefficients of the TCOSS were .94 in the EFA sample, .94 in the CFA sample, and .96 in the criterion validity sample. When validity and reliability analysis of the TCOSS are considered as a whole, it is concluded that the TCOSS is a valid and reliable scale for assessing craving for online shopping among online shoppers.

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