The social lives of network effects: Speculation and risk in Jakarta's platform economy

2021 ◽  
pp. 0308518X2110569
Author(s):  
Samuel Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
City Region ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Financial Speculation ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
Political Economic

Under the designation “platform urbanism,” there is growing scholarly recognition that platform intermediaries are reconfiguring urban industries, processes, and relationships through the collection and manipulation of big data. Central to realizing this economic project is financial speculation on platforms’ ability to coordinate network effects—a phenomenon in which the more users there are in a networked system, the more valuable and useful it becomes. In this paper, I argue that while the existing literature recognizes the importance of network effects, it has also adopted a limited conceptualization that understands platform firms as the primary agents generating and capturing the economic benefits of network effects. Drawing on 12 months of ethnographic fieldwork in Greater Jakarta, Indonesia, I work to expand this understanding through attention to the social lives of network effects—the ways in which platform architectures are always embedded in social relations created and sustained in everyday urban life. I show how ride-hailing drivers have attempted to mitigate the risks of their work through building socio-technical networks of their own, for their own purposes. Doing so reveals that it is not only platform firms and venture capital that speculate on network effects; rather, a range of actors in the city-region seek to tap into driver networks to advance their own social, political, and economic ends. In conclusion, I suggest that attending to these practices opens up space to reframe platform urbanism beyond its current preoccupation with macro political economic analyses, while also establishing new lines of inquiry for “speculative urbanism.”

scholarly journals Politics and Audit in Malaysia

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Azham Md. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Source Materials ◽  
Study Format

This work investigates the role and contribution of external auditing as practised in Malaysian society during the forty year period from independence in 1957 to just before the onset of Asian Financial Crisis in 1997.  It applies the political economic theory introduced by Tinker (1980) and refined by Cooper & Sherer (1984), which emphasises the social relations aspects of professional activity rather than economic forces alone. In a case study format where qualitative data were gathered mainly from primary and secondary source materials, the study has found that the function of auditing in Malaysian society in most cases is devoid of any essence of mission; instead it is created, shaped and changed by the pressures which give rise to its development over time. The largely insignificant role that it serves is intertwined with the contexts in which it operates. 

scholarly journals KONVERSI KEAGAMAAN PASCA 1965, MENGURAI DAMPAK SOSIAL BUDAYA DAN HUBUNGAN ISLAM KRISTEN DI PEDESAAN JAWA

Harmoni ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-240
Author(s):  
M. Alie Humaedi
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Archives ◽  
Islam And Christianity ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Heating Up ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between Islam and Christianity in various regions is often confronted with situations caused by external factors. They no longer debate the theological aspect, but are based on the political economy and social culture aspects. In the Dieng village, the economic resources are mostly dominated by Christians as early Christianized product as the process of Kiai Sadrach's chronicle. Economic mastery was not originally as the main trigger of the conflict. However, as the political map post 1965, in which many Muslims affiliated to the Indonesian Communist Party convert to Christianity, the relationship between Islam and Christianity is heating up. The question of the dominance of political economic resources of Christians is questionable. This research to explore the socio cultural and religious impact of the conversion of PKI to Christian in rural Dieng and Slamet Pekalongan and Banjarnegara. This qualitative research data was extracted by in-depth interviews, observations and supported by data from Dutch archives, National Archives and Christian Synod of Salatiga. Research has found the conversion of the PKI to Christianity has sparked hostility and deepened the social relations of Muslims and Christians in Kasimpar, Petungkriono and Karangkobar. The culprit widened by involving the network of Wonopringgo Islamic Boarding. It is often seen that existing conflicts are no longer latent, but lead to a form of manifest conflict that decomposes in the practice of social life.

Towards an Affirmative Feminist Boys Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-92
Author(s):  
Timothy Laurie ◽  
Catherine Driscoll ◽  
Liam Grealy ◽  
Shawna Tang ◽  
Grace Sharkey
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Heuristic Model ◽  
Critical Commentary ◽  
Childhood And Youth ◽  
The Social ◽  
Girls Studies ◽  
Political Economic

This critical commentary considers the significance of Connell’s The Men and the Boys in the development of an affirmative feminist boys studies. In particular, the article asks: How can research on boys contribute to feminist research on childhood and youth, without either establishing a false equivalency with girls studies, or overstating the singularity of “the boy” across diverse cultural and historical contexts? Connell’s four-tiered account of social relations—political, economic, emotional, and symbolic—provides an important corrective to reductionist approaches to both feminism and boyhood, and this article draws on The Men and the Boys to think through contrasting sites of identity formation around boys: online cultures of “incels” (involuntary celibates); transmasculinities and the biological diversity of the category “man”; and the social power excercised within an elite Australian boys school. The article concludes by identifying contemporary challenges emerging from the heuristic model offered in The Men and the Boys.

Utopia, Labor, and Informational Capitalism

2015 ◽  
pp. 49-68
Author(s):  
Marco Briziarelli
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
User Generated Content ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Informational Capitalism ◽  
The Social ◽  
Liberal Ideology ◽  
Political Economic

Through the lens of a political economic approach, I consider the question whether or not social media can promote social change. I claim that whereas media have consistently channeled technological utopia/dystopia, thus be constantly linked to aspirations and fear of social change, the answer to that question does not depend on their specific nature but on historically specific social relations in which media operate. In the case here considered, it requires examining the social relations re-producing and produced by informational capitalism. More specifically, I examine how the productive relations that support user generated content practices of Facebook users affect social media in their capability to reproduce and transform existing social contexts. Drawing on Fuchs and Sevignani's (2013) distinction between “work” and “labor” I claim that social media reflect the ambivalent nature of current capitalist mode of production: a contest in which exploitative/emancipatory as well as reproductive/transformative aspects are articulated by liberal ideology.

scholarly journals Understanding collective regularity in human mobility as a familiar stranger phenomenon

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Leng ◽  
Dominiquo Santistevan ◽  
Alex Pentland
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Information Diffusion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Daily Routines ◽  
Urban City ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBeyond the physical structures that contain daily routines, urban city dwellers repeatedly encounter strangers that similarly shape their environments. Familiar strangers are neither formal acquaintances nor completely anonymous faces in daily urban life. Due to data limitations, there is a lack of research focused on uncovering the structure of the “Familiar Stranger” phenomenon at a large scale while simultaneously investigating the social relationships between such strangers. Using countrywide mobile phone records from Andorra, we empirically show the existence of such a phenomenon as well as details concerning these strangers’ relative social relations. To understand the social and spatial components of familiar strangers more deeply, we study the temporal regularity and spatial structure of collective urban mobility to shed light on the mechanisms that guide these interactions. Furthermore, we explore the relationship between social distances and the number of encounters to show that more significant physical encounters correspond to a shorter social distance. Understanding these social and physical networks has essential implications for epidemics spreading, urban planning, and information diffusion.

scholarly journals Historical Background of Formation and Development of Medieval Cities in Zhetysu (Semirechye) and South Kazakhstan

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 932-939
Author(s):  
N. M. Zinyakov
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Grain Processing ◽  
Class Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Type ◽  
Political Economic

The present research was based on archaeological and written sources and featured the prerequisites of medieval urbanization of Zhetysu, or Semirechye, and South Kazakhstan. The local urbanization was influenced by political, economic, and social processes. In the political sphere, the factors included: onset and development of state units; political and ideological inclusion of society; better external security; regulation of legal and tax activities, which created a single economic mechanism for reproductive economy, etc. In the economic sphere, the important factors of urban development corresponded with the so-called second stage of the agrarian revolution, i.e. transition from primitive to intensive manual agriculture; use of arable tools with iron ploughshares and sled animals; popularization of irrigation; cultivation of grain and industrial crops; better storage and grain processing, etc. As for the social sphere, the period was marked by degradation of tribal relations. As a result, early class society was beginning to form. This new type of social relations was based not on family ties but on economic contacts, which contributed to the formation of the social structure of medieval cities, e.g. strata of artisans, merchants, administrative elite, priests, etc. The analysis of sources showed that the main historical prerequisites for the urban development of Semirechye and South Kazakhstan were formed in the early Middle Ages. However, their formation was rather irregular and depended on the exact area.

scholarly journals The Four Ways of Eco-global Criminology

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob White
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Green Criminology ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Global Study ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Ways Of Being ◽  
Global Criminology ◽  
International Social

In charting out the ‘four ways’ of eco-global criminology, this paper discusses the importance of recognising and acting in regards to the differences evident in (1) ways of being (ontology), (2) ways of knowing (epistemology), (3) ways of doing (methodology) and (4) ways of valuing (axiology). The paper assumes and asserts that global study of environmental crime is essential to the green criminology project, and particularly an eco-global criminology approach. Specific instances of criminal and harmful activity therefore need to be analysed in the context of broad international social, political, economic and ecological processes. The article outlines the key ideas of eco-global criminology, a perspective that argues that global study must always be inclusive of voices from the periphery and margins of the world’s metropolitan centres, and critical of the social relations that sustain the epistemological as well as material realities and legacies of colonialism and imperialism. Yet, in doing so, there arise many paradoxes and conundrums that likewise warrant close attention.

scholarly journals Pirate republic in the Bahamas: the causes and the impact on the system of government

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-168
Author(s):  
Dmitry Alekseevich Pautov
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Local Alternative ◽  
The Social ◽  
Unique Experience ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

The subject of the research is the military-political, economic, ideological and natural-geographical reasons for the emergence and characteristics of the organization of the Pirate Republic in the Bahamas. The object of the study is the social relations that developed in the process of development of the pirate community as a special social group, its expansion into the Bahamas of the Caribbean in the 17-18 centuries. Particular attention is paid to the relationship of the British Crown with the pirates and the factors that influenced the transformation of this policy. The author examined in detail the political and legal features of the organization and functioning of the public authority system in the Bahamas during the period of pirate domination. The research methodology was composed of historical, structural, systemic and comparative methods, which made it possible to formulate theoretical conclusions relevant to the processes taking place in the world today and ongoing scientific discussions about the fate of Western civilization, the possibility of building multicultural societies, and the adaptation of political and legal institutions to these processes. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that it is the first experience in the study of the causes and essence of the Pirate Republic in the British colonial system in Russian historiography. It is concluded that, not being a state in the strict sense of the word, the Pirate Republic was a unique experience of social and territorial self-organization. The experience of its emergence and existence left a bright mark in the development of not only the colonial system, but also in world history, as a whole, becoming yet another evidence of the viability of one or another local alternative political model, without a support of influential geopolitical forces and factors.

scholarly journals cultivating oppositional debt ethics and consciousness: philosophy for/with children as counter-conduct in the neoliberal debt economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (36) ◽  
pp. 01-32
Author(s):  
Jason Thomas Wozniak
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
Racial Capitalism ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Act ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Ways Of Being

In this article, I examine what the ethical and political implications of conceptualizing and practicing philosophy for/with children (P4wC) in the neoliberal debt economy are. Though P4wC cannot alone bring about any significant transformation of debt political-economic realities, it can play an important role in cultivating oppositional debt ethics and consciousness. The first half of this article situates P4wC within the current global debt economy. Here, I summarize the analyses made by critical theorists of the ways that debt impacts public institutions (including schools), and shapes individual subjectivity. The second half of this article builds on Michel Foucault’s conceptualization of “counter-conduct.” For Foucault, counter-conduct is an ethical/political act of resistance against governmentality, one that makes possible alternative social relations and ways of being in the world. I argue in this section that P4wC should be conceptualized, and practiced, as form of counter-conduct that challenges power in the debt economy. Both the form of P4wC pedagogy, and the content that can be taken up in a collective manner in communities of inquiry, make P4wC a potential site for debt counter-conduct practices. Thought of as counter-conduct, P4wC is an educational practice with liberatory promise. I conclude this piece with brief ruminations on practicing P4wC in the time of COVID, and during the uprisings around the world against racial capitalism. It is suggested here that P4wC not only be practiced within formal education settings, but also in the social movements that are fighting to bring into being a world more just for all of us. En este artículo, examino cuáles son las implicaciones éticas y políticas de conceptualizar y practicar la filosofía para / con niños (P4wC) en la economía de la deuda neoliberal. Aunque P4wC no puede provocar por sí solo ninguna transformación significativa de las realidades político-económicas de la deuda, puede desempeñar un papel importante en el cultivo de una ética y una conciencia de la deuda opuestas. La primera mitad de este artículo sitúa a P4wC dentro de la economía de deuda global actual. Aquí, resumo los análisis realizados por teóricos críticos sobre las formas en que la deuda afecta a las instituciones públicas (incluidas las escuelas) y configura la subjetividad individual. La segunda mitad de este artículo se basa en la conceptualización de la "contra-conducta" de Michel Foucault. Para Foucault, la contra-conducta es un acto ético / político de resistencia contra la gobernamentalidad, que posibilita relaciones sociales y formas de estar en el mundo alternativas. Sostengo en esta sección que P4wC debe conceptualizarse y practicarse como una forma de contra-conducta que desafía el poder en la economía de la deuda. Tanto la forma pedagógica de P4wC, como su contenido adoptados de manera colectiva en las comunidades de investigación, hacen de P4wC un sitio potencial para las prácticas de contra-conducta de la deuda. Pensada como una contra-conducta, P4wC es una práctica educativa con promesa liberadora. Concluyo este artículo con breves reflexiones sobre la práctica de P4wC en la época de COVID y de los alzamientos en todo el mundo contra el capitalismo racial. Aquí se sugiere que P4wC no solo se practique dentro de los entornos de educación formal, sino también en los movimientos sociales que luchan por crear un mundo más justo para todos nosotros. Key Words: Debt (Deuda), Philosophy for/with Children (P4wC) (Filosofía para / con niños), Counter-Conduct (contra-conducta)

scholarly journals TRANSFORMASI STRUKTUR SOSIAL DALAM PEMANFAATAN RPTRA DHARMA SUCI JAKARTA UTARA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sugeng Wahjudi
Keyword(s):  
Communication Network ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
Authority Structure ◽  
The Social

<p><em>The focus of RPTRA's activities reflects services for children and community services to become a community center that functions as a center of interaction and is used by all elements of society from various age groups. This research is an advanced stage of previous research on the relationship of RPTRA managers. The communication network that is built into the use of the RPTRA can be utilized for the development of institutional components that are socio-economic. By using Max Webber's instrumental rationality approach, this study can identify the social changes that have been formed. This study will provide a description relating to changes in knowledge, attitudes and actions of the people who use RPTRA. Changes that arise from individual RPTRA users (mothers) are driven by actions based on value orientation. Their actions involved in activities at RPTRA were not driven by instrumental orientation (to obtain economic benefits) or traditional orientation (because of tradition - driven by the authority structure) In general it can be concluded that RPTRA was able to take a good role. RPTRA is not a material space that distributes materials / materials to make a transformation of the social structure of society (change in social action). The results of the study indicate the formation of rationality in the use of RPTRA if it is associated with user social actions and program activities that put RPTRA as a center in building social relations for their local communities and social change.</em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>RPTRA<strong>,</strong></em><em> communication network</em><em>, </em><em>social change, social actions</em><em>.</em></p>

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