Quantitative Analysis, Technological change, and the Dissemination of GIS Research: Some Reflections and Prospects

The English structural transformation from farming to manufacturing was accompanied by rapid technological change, expansion of trade, and massive population growth. While the roles of technology and trade in this process have been investigated, the literature has largely ignored the role of population growth. We examine population size effects on various aspects of structural development, characterizing their explicit dependence on preference-side and production-side characteristics of the economy, and trade. Our quantitative analysis of the English transformation assigns a major role to population growth, with especially notable contributions to post-1750 rise in the manufacturing employment share and the relative price dynamics. (JEL J11, N13, N33, N53, N63, O33)

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A Bank Branch in a Box

10.1093/oso/9780198782810.003.0009 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Bernardo Bátiz-Lazo

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Technological Change ◽

Retail Banking ◽

Bank Branch ◽

Bank Staff ◽

Self Service ◽

Retail Banks ◽

Traditional Approaches ◽

The Impact ◽

Service Strategies

Chapter 9 (‘A Bank Branch in a Box’) tackles the long-running debate on the impact of automation within the retail bank branch. This debate concerns whether the introduction of labour saving devices (such as the ATM) will almost immediately be followed by the reduction of retail branch bank staff. Data in the quantitative analysis include information on ATMs, employment of bank staff, and retail branches. However, the analysis here departs from traditional approaches. The latter have focused on the economics of capital replacing labour. In contrast, this chapter looks at the alternative channels (namely transaction volume and the value of cash withdrawals) as the variables to explain technological change in retail banking. The discussion also speculates on the future of the ATM within retail banks’ self-service strategies. This while focusing not on obsolescence but on a narrative of maintenance and reinvention.

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An Improved Quantitative Image Analyser

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100078663 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 226-227

Author(s):

J.P. Fallon ◽

P.J. Gregory ◽

C.J. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Feature Extraction ◽

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Frequency Content ◽

General Sense ◽

Physical Measurements ◽

Quantitative Image ◽

Image Analyser ◽

Automatic Methods ◽

Quantitative Results

Quantitative image analysis systems have been used for several years in research and quality control applications in various fields including metallurgy and medicine. The technique has been applied as an extension of subjective microscopy to problems requiring quantitative results and which are amenable to automatic methods of interpretation.Feature extraction. In the most general sense, a feature can be defined as a portion of the image which differs in some consistent way from the background. A feature may be characterized by the density difference between itself and the background, by an edge gradient, or by the spatial frequency content (texture) within its boundaries. The task of feature extraction includes recognition of features and encoding of the associated information for quantitative analysis.Quantitative Analysis. Quantitative analysis is the determination of one or more physical measurements of each feature. These measurements may be straightforward ones such as area, length, or perimeter, or more complex stereological measurements such as convex perimeter or Feret's diameter.

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Quantification of Silica Uptake by Alveolar Macrophages - An Emperical Scanning Electron Microprobe Method

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100054297 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 332-333

Author(s):

V. V. Damiano ◽

R. P. Daniele ◽

H. T. Tucker ◽

J. H. Dauber

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Alveolar Macrophages ◽

Bulk Sample ◽

Silica Particles ◽

Empirical Method ◽

Phagocytic Cells ◽

Calibration Standards ◽

X Ray ◽

Accurate Quantitative Analysis ◽

Scanning Electron

An important example of intracellular particles is encountered in silicosis where alveolar macrophages ingest inspired silica particles. The quantitation of the silica uptake by these cells may be a potentially useful method for monitoring silica exposure. Accurate quantitative analysis of ingested silica by phagocytic cells is difficult because the particles are frequently small, irregularly shaped and cannot be visualized within the cells. Semiquantitative methods which make use of particles of known size, shape and composition as calibration standards may be the most direct and simplest approach to undertake. The present paper describes an empirical method in which glass microspheres were used as a model to show how the ratio of the silicon Kα peak X-ray intensity from the microspheres to that of a bulk sample of the same composition correlated to the mass of the microsphere contained within the cell. Irregular shaped silica particles were also analyzed and a calibration curve was generated from these data.

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Lateral resolution of the electron microbeam analysis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100109859 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 542-543

Author(s):

H.J. Dudek

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Depth Resolution ◽

Lateral Resolution ◽

Cylindrical Particle ◽

Correction Procedure ◽

X Ray ◽

Element Concentrations ◽

Microbeam Analysis ◽

The Matrix

The chemical inhomogenities in modern materials such as fibers, phases and inclusions, often have diameters in the region of one micrometer. Using electron microbeam analysis for the determination of the element concentrations one has to know the smallest possible diameter of such regions for a given accuracy of the quantitative analysis.In th is paper the correction procedure for the quantitative electron microbeam analysis is extended to a spacial problem to determine the smallest possible measurements of a cylindrical particle P of high D (depth resolution) and diameter L (lateral resolution) embeded in a matrix M and which has to be analysed quantitative with the accuracy q. The mathematical accounts lead to the following form of the characteristic x-ray intens ity of the element i of a particle P embeded in the matrix M in relation to the intensity of a standard S

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An example of spectrum imaging used for comparison of EELS quantitative analysis techniques on Al-Li

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010008794x ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 726-727

Author(s):

John A. Hunt

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Large Data ◽

Difference Spectrum ◽

Large Data Sets ◽

Foil Thickness ◽

Data Sets ◽

Analysis Techniques ◽

Spectrum Imaging ◽

Normal Spectrum ◽

Electron Energy Loss

Spectrum-imaging is a useful technique for comparing different processing methods on very large data sets which are identical for each method. This paper is concerned with comparing methods of electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) quantitative analysis on the Al-Li system. The spectrum-image analyzed here was obtained from an Al-10at%Li foil aged to produce δ' precipitates that can span the foil thickness. Two 1024 channel EELS spectra offset in energy by 1 eV were recorded and stored at each pixel in the 80x80 spectrum-image (25 Mbytes). An energy range of 39-89eV (20 channels/eV) are represented. During processing the spectra are either subtracted to create an artifact corrected difference spectrum, or the energy offset is numerically removed and the spectra are added to create a normal spectrum. The spectrum-images are processed into 2D floating-point images using methods and software described in [1].

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