Tropical rock coasts

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherith A. Moses
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Rock coasts are widespread in the tropics and exhibit particular morphologies that may be specific to their tropical, micro-tidal location. Notches are particularly well developed, often linked to onshore cliffs and fronted by subhorizontal platforms. Through a review of previously published data across the tropics, average cliff face erosion rates are calculated as 2.15 ± 2.62 mm a−1, intertidal erosion rates 3.03 ± 7.50 mm a−1 and subtidal erosion rates 0.96 ± 0.44 mm a−1. Intertidal erosion rates are variable within and across latitudinal ranges: within 10°N and S of the equator average rates are 1.42 ± 1.22 mm a−1; between latitudes of 10°and 20°, 0.88 ± 1.16 mm a−1 and between latitudes of 20°and 30°, 2.04 ± 2.57 mm a−1. A consideration of temporal variations in intertidal erosion rates provides insights into the potential impacts of climate change on the erosion dynamics of rock coasts in the tropics. This paper highlights some of the interactions over time and space between process and measurement that continue to limit our understanding of, and ability to model, the erosion dynamics of tropical rock coasts. It concludes by identifying potentially fruitful areas for future research.

scholarly journals Poverty and climate change: introduction

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephane Hallegatte ◽  
Marianne Fay ◽  
Edward B. Barbier
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
National Wealth ◽  
Economic Statistics ◽  
Climate Vulnerability ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

AbstractBecause their assets and income represent such a small share of national wealth, the impacts of climate change on poor people, even if dramatic, will be largely invisible in aggregate economic statistics such as the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Assessing and managing future impacts of climate change on poverty requires different metrics, and specific studies focusing on the vulnerability of poor people. This special issue provides a set of such studies, looking at the exposure and vulnerability of people living in poverty to shocks and stressors that are expected to increase in frequency or intensity due to climate change, such as floods, droughts, heat waves, and impacts on agricultural production and ecosystem services. This introduction summarizes their approach and findings, which support the idea that the link between poverty and climate vulnerability goes both ways: poverty is one major driver of people's vulnerability to climate-related shocks and stressors, and this vulnerability is keeping people in poverty. The paper concludes by identifying priorities for future research.

scholarly journals Separating the Impacts of Climate Change and Human Activities on Runoff: A Review of Method and Application

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Zeng ◽  
Ming-Guo Ma ◽  
Dong-Rui Di ◽  
Wei-Yu Shi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Separating the impact of climate change and human activities on runoff is an important topic in hydrology, and a large number of methods and theories have been widely used. In this paper, we review the current papers on separating the impacts of climate and human activities on runoff, summarize the progress of relevant research methods and applications in recent years, and discuss future research needs and directions.

scholarly journals Knowledge Graph Analysis of Human Health Research Related to Climate Change

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7395
Author(s):  
Yating Zhao ◽  
Jingjing Guo ◽  
Chao Bao ◽  
Changyong Liang ◽  
Hemant K Jain
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Development Status ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Knowledge Support ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Research Hotspots ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

In order to explore the development status, knowledge base, research hotspots, and future research directions related to the impacts of climate change on human health, a systematic bibliometric analysis of 6719 published articles from 2003 to 2018 in the Web of Science was performed. Using data analytics tools such as HistCite and CiteSpace, the time distribution, spatial distribution, citations, and research hotspots were analyzed and visualized. The analysis revealed the development status of the research on the impacts of climate change on human health and analyzed the research hotspots and future development trends in this field, providing important knowledge support for researchers in this field.

scholarly journals Managed Retreat Components and Costing in a Coastal Setting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Samuel Olufson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Adaptation Option ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Adaptation Options ◽  
Over Time

<p>Climate change impacts are beginning to be felt across the world. Therefore, the development and understanding of adaptation options is becoming more important. Sea-level rise and its associated impacts are predicted to continue and accelerate well into the next century. As such, it is important that adaptation options which reduce risks associated with sea-level rise are developed and are well understood. Managed retreat is one such option. While research on managed retreat is increasing, there is a lack of literature that identifies what managed retreat comprises, how to plan and stage the option over time, and how to cost it as an adaptation option.  This thesis aims to address this gap in the literature by answering the following three questions: (1) what are the issues related to implementing managed retreat as an adaptation strategy in coastal areas, now, and moving into the future?; (2) what are the components of managed retreat?; and (3) what framework could be developed for costing managed retreat?  A qualitative ‘desk-top’ approach was taken to deconstruct the components of managed retreat across space and time and to develop a framework for costing the components as part of an adaptation strategy. An in-depth analysis of literature, enabled an understanding of managed retreat implementation, and also informed the development of a component typology and costing framework for the adaptation option. The typology and framework were then tested for relevance and utility for decision making through a series of semi-structured discussions with key informants working in climate change adaptation.  Using the component typology and costing framework, a new approach is presented for staging and costing managed retreat, over time and in different contexts. The typology and framework contribute knowledge and guidance for local governments and infrastructure agencies when discussing managed retreat with their communities, for identifying and staging managed retreat, and for the costing of components. It does this by presenting components in stages as overlapping and parallel pathways, providing groupings of components according to types of costs, and identifying appropriate costing methodologies that enable the implementation of managed retreat. To conclude, the thesis suggests areas for future research on managed retreat.</p>

scholarly journals Managed Retreat Components and Costing in a Coastal Setting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Samuel Olufson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Adaptation Option ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Adaptation Options ◽  
Over Time

<p>Climate change impacts are beginning to be felt across the world. Therefore, the development and understanding of adaptation options is becoming more important. Sea-level rise and its associated impacts are predicted to continue and accelerate well into the next century. As such, it is important that adaptation options which reduce risks associated with sea-level rise are developed and are well understood. Managed retreat is one such option. While research on managed retreat is increasing, there is a lack of literature that identifies what managed retreat comprises, how to plan and stage the option over time, and how to cost it as an adaptation option.  This thesis aims to address this gap in the literature by answering the following three questions: (1) what are the issues related to implementing managed retreat as an adaptation strategy in coastal areas, now, and moving into the future?; (2) what are the components of managed retreat?; and (3) what framework could be developed for costing managed retreat?  A qualitative ‘desk-top’ approach was taken to deconstruct the components of managed retreat across space and time and to develop a framework for costing the components as part of an adaptation strategy. An in-depth analysis of literature, enabled an understanding of managed retreat implementation, and also informed the development of a component typology and costing framework for the adaptation option. The typology and framework were then tested for relevance and utility for decision making through a series of semi-structured discussions with key informants working in climate change adaptation.  Using the component typology and costing framework, a new approach is presented for staging and costing managed retreat, over time and in different contexts. The typology and framework contribute knowledge and guidance for local governments and infrastructure agencies when discussing managed retreat with their communities, for identifying and staging managed retreat, and for the costing of components. It does this by presenting components in stages as overlapping and parallel pathways, providing groupings of components according to types of costs, and identifying appropriate costing methodologies that enable the implementation of managed retreat. To conclude, the thesis suggests areas for future research on managed retreat.</p>

scholarly journals A global algorithm for identifying changing streamflow regimes: application to Canadian natural streams (1966–2010)

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 5193-5217
Author(s):  
Masoud Zaerpour ◽  
Shadi Hatami ◽  
Javad Sadri ◽  
Ali Nazemi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Regime Shift ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Natural Streams ◽  
Regime Types ◽  
Finite Set ◽  
Streamflow Regime ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Global Algorithm ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Abstract. Climate change affects natural streamflow regimes globally. To assess alterations in streamflow regimes, typically temporal variations in one or a few streamflow characteristics are taken into account. This approach, however, cannot see simultaneous changes in multiple streamflow characteristics, does not utilize all the available information contained in a streamflow hydrograph, and cannot describe how and to what extent streamflow regimes evolve from one to another. To address these gaps, we conceptualize streamflow regimes as intersecting spectrums that are formed by multiple streamflow characteristics. Accordingly, the changes in a streamflow regime should be diagnosed through gradual, yet continuous changes in an ensemble of streamflow characteristics. To incorporate these key considerations, we propose a generic algorithm to first classify streams into a finite set of intersecting fuzzy clusters. Accordingly, by analyzing how the degrees of membership to each cluster change in a given stream, we quantify shifts from one regime to another. We apply this approach to the data, obtained from 105 natural Canadian streams, during the period of 1966 to 2010. We show that natural streamflow in Canada can be categorized into six regime types, with clear hydrological and geographical distinctions. Analyses of trends in membership values show that alterations in natural streamflow regimes vary among different regions. Having said that, we show that in more than 80 % of considered streams, there is a dominant regime shift that can be attributed to simultaneous changes in streamflow characteristics, some of which have remained previously unknown. Our study not only introduces a new globally relevant algorithm for identifying changing streamflow regimes but also provides a fresh look at streamflow alterations in Canada, highlighting complex and multifaceted impacts of climate change on streamflow regimes in cold regions.

scholarly journals Principles and process for developing participatory adaptation pathways in the primary industries

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Cradock-Henry ◽  
Paula Blackett ◽  
Justin Connolly ◽  
Bob Frame ◽  
Edmar Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Assessment Practice ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Methodological Advance ◽  
Adaptation Options ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Adaptation pathways is an approach to identify, assess, and sequence climate change adaptation options over time, linking decisions to critical signals and triggers derived from scenarios of future conditions. However, conceptual differences in their development can hinder methodological advance and create a disconnect between those applying pathways approaches and the wider community of practitioners undertaking vulnerability, impacts, and adaptation assessments. Here, we contribute to close these gaps, advancing principles, and processes that may be used to guide the trajectory for adaptation pathways, without having to rely on data-rich or resource-intensive methods. To achieve this, concepts and practices from the broad pathways literature is combined with our own experience in developing adaptation pathways for primary industries facing the combined impacts of climate change and other, nonclimatic stressors. Each stage is guided by a goal and tools to facilitate discussions and produce feasible pathways. We illustrate the process with a case study from Hawke’s Bay, New Zealand, involving multiple data sources and methods in two catchments. Resulting guidelines and empirical examples are consistent with principles of adaptive management and planning and can provide a template for developing local-, regional- or issue-specific pathways elsewhere and enrich the diversity of vulnerability, impacts, and adaptation assessment practice.

scholarly journals Can terrestrial ectotherms escape the heat of climate change by moving?

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1765) ◽  
pp. 20131149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren B. Buckley ◽  
Joshua J. Tewksbury ◽  
Curtis A. Deutsch
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Optimal Location ◽  
Dispersal Capacity ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Fitness Consequences ◽  
Optimal Movement ◽  
Temperature Seasonality ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Whether movement will enable organisms to alleviate thermal stress is central to the biodiversity implications of climate change. We use the temperature-dependence of ectotherm performance to investigate the fitness consequences of movement. Movement to an optimal location within a 50 km radius will only offset the fitness impacts of climate change by 2100 in 5 per cent of locations globally. Random movement carries an 87 per cent risk of further fitness detriment. Mountainous regions with high temperature seasonality (i.e. temperate areas) not only offer the greatest benefit from optimal movement but also the most severe fitness consequences if an organism moves to the wrong location. Doubling dispersal capacity would provide modest benefit exclusively to directed dispersers in topographically diverse areas. The benefits of movement for escaping climate change are particularly limited in the tropics, where fitness impacts will be most severe. The potential of movement to lessen climate change impacts may have been overestimated.

scholarly journals Collectively, we need to accelerate Arctic specimen sampling

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-524
Author(s):  
Kevin Winker ◽  
Jack Withrow
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Natural History Collections ◽  
Specimen Resource ◽  
Specimen Sampling

Natural history collections are not often thought of as observatories, but they are increasingly being used as such to observe biological systems and changes within them. Objects and the data associated with them are archived for present and future research. These specimen collections provide many diverse scientific benefits, helping us understand not only individual species or populations but also the environments in which they live(d). Despite these benefits, the specimen resource is inadequate to the tasks being asked of it — there are many gaps, taxonomically and in time and space. We examine and highlight some of these gaps using bird collections as an example. Given the speed of climate change in the Arctic, we need to collectively work to fill these gaps so we can develop and wield the science that will make us better stewards of Arctic environments.

scholarly journals Perception, trends and impacts of climate change in Kailali District, Far West Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 62-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lal Bahadur Thapa ◽  
Himanchal Thapa ◽  
Bimala Gharti Magar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
People’S Perception ◽  
People’S Perceptions ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Correction: On 31/12/2015 the author's name Binala Gharti Magar was changed to Bimala Gharti MagarPerception and place-based studies give useful information on climate change in context of Nepal due to having its wide geographical, climatic, biological and cultural diversity. A household survey and focus group discussions were carried out in this study to document local people’s perceptions on climate change in Kailali district of Nepal. Most of respondents in the study area have perceived that temperature and fog are increased; and rainfall and hail are decreased with severe fluctuation. Trend of temperature supports local people’s perception. People have noticed impacts of these changes in vegetation, plant phenology and agriculture. Fundamentally, they have observed that certain plant species are decreasing, increasing and showing changes in flowering and fruiting time. This information could have significance for future research to identify climate change sensitive or indicator plants.International Journal of Environment Vol.4(4) 2015: 62-76

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