A review of methods for estimating the contribution of glacial meltwater to total watershed discharge

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff La Frenierre ◽  
Bryan G. Mark
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Watershed Hydrology ◽  
Glacial Meltwater ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Meltwater Runoff ◽  
Proportional Contribution

Glaciers store water over a range of temporal scales with important implications for downstream human and natural systems. Assessment of the contribution of glacial meltwater runoff to total watershed discharge is an essential part of climate change risk assessment and sustainable water management in glacierized watersheds. Over the past decade, a range of techniques for quantifying the proportional contribution of glacial meltwater has been presented in the scientific literature. Here we examine five different methodological approaches: direct discharge measurement, glaciological approaches, hydrological balance equations, hydrochemical tracers, and hydrological modeling. After a brief summary of the role of glaciers in watershed hydrology, we evaluate each approach, with regard to their respective data requirements, assumptions, and associated uncertainties. Next, we discuss factors that researchers must consider in deciding upon a particular methodological approach, then conclude with a discussion of future research needs. We underscore the need for expanded meteorological, hydrological, and glaciological monitoring networks in glacierized watersheds worldwide, for more comprehensive assessment of uncertainty and for better integration of research with the specific needs of watershed stakeholders.

Capital structure puzzle and banks: need for a unique approach?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Argumentation Theory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Unique Approach ◽  
The Capital Structure

Purpose This study aims to examine some of the commonly proposed deviants associated with the banking industry in the context of the capital structure puzzle. The paper considers the role of guarantees, information asymmetry and other frictional factors in the context of modern financial markets and examines whether these factors deserve special consideration in solving the capital structure puzzle for banks. Design/methodology/approach The authors adopt the argumentation theory model proposed by Toulmin (1958) as the methodological approach in this paper. Findings The findings from this paper demonstrate that any solution to the capital structure puzzle, whenever available, will also solve the capital structure puzzle for banks without additional efforts. The focus of future research should be on solving the generic capital structure puzzle for a universal set of firms rather than focusing on the banking industry as a subset with unique features. Originality/value The paper adopts a novel methodological approach offered by argumentation theory to pursue the enquiry. To the best of the knowledge, this paper is the first paper in the finance literature that uses argumentation theory to develop a theoretical construct. The finding from this study offers guidance for the proliferation of research paradigms in the capital structure puzzle.

Determinants of solo and employer entrepreneurship in Visegrád countries: findings from the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-464
Author(s):  
Ondřej Dvouletý ◽  
Marko Orel
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Visegrád Countries

Purpose This study aims to extend the existing body of literature on the individual-level determinants of self-employed persons with (employer entrepreneurs) and without employees (solo self-employed individuals) from the perspective of four post-communist economies (i.e. Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia). Design/methodology/approach The methodological approach is based on the three harmonised waves (2005, 2010 and 2015) of the European Survey on Working Conditions (EWCS). Multi-variate logistic regression models are used to determine the individual-level differences among employees, solo self-employed individuals and job creators in the selected group of countries. Findings The results show significant differences among employees, solo self-employed individuals and job creators, especially when it comes to the role of age, gender, education, previous experience, number of working hours and their determination. Job creators in Visegrád countries have, on average, more years of experience, and higher levels of education (tertiary), than wage-employees. Research limitations/implications This study provides a series of recommendations for future research on the role of family- and household-related characteristics, entrepreneurship-specific education and migration background. Originality/value The previous research on individual determinants of entrepreneurial engagement in Visegrád region was mainly based on the data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. This study offers a novel perspective based on the EWCS data.

scholarly journals The Structure of Leadership Language: Rhetorical and Linguistic Methods for Studying School Improvement

2021 ◽  
pp. 137-153
Author(s):  
Rebecca Lowenhaupt
Keyword(s):  
School Improvement ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Rhetorical Analysis ◽  
Educational Leaders ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Improvement Strategy ◽  
Linguistic Turn ◽  
Linguistic Methods

AbstractIn this chapter, I discuss the justification for a linguistic turn in the study of school improvement with an emphasis on the language of leadership, and in particular persuasion, in the implementation of reform. In addition to exploring the ways in which discourse analysis can be used more generally to understand the nature of school improvement, I also focus on the particular method of rhetorical analysis as it can be leveraged to understand how the structure of language can be in and of itself an improvement strategy for educational leaders. After discussing the methodological approach, I share examples of studies of principals’ talk in the context of reform and the findings that emerged. I then consider the methodological implications of this rhetorical and linguistic turn, before ending with implications for future research and practice about the role of language in improvement efforts.

scholarly journals Motivational profiles and proactive career behaviors among the solo self-employed

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjanne Marie Elyse van den Groenendaal ◽  
Silvia Rossetti ◽  
Mattis van den Bergh ◽  
T.A.M. (Dorien) Kooij ◽  
Rob. F. Poell
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Motivational Profiles ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Person Centered Approach

PurposeAs the current “one size fits all” research approach is likely to be ineffective in identifying the conditions that promote the entrepreneurial career of the solo self-employed, this paper advances the current understanding of the heterogeneity among the solo self-employed.Design/methodology/approachA person-centered approach is used to identify groups among the solo self-employed based on their starting motives and to examine their engagement in proactive career behaviors.FindingsUsing Latent Class Analysis (LCA), six groups displaying distinct motivational profiles are identified: (1) the pushed by necessity, (2) entrepreneurs by heart, (3) control-seekers, (4) occupationally-driven, (5) challenge-seekers and (6) the family business-driven. In line with the argument that starting motives affect behavior because they reflect the future work selves that individuals aim for, results show that solo self-employed with distinct motivational profiles differ in their engagement in proactive career behaviors. For future research, it is recommended to examine the role of demographic characteristics in the engagement in proactive career behaviors.Originality/valueAlthough starting motives among self-employed people have been studied frequently, this research applies an innovative methodological approach by using LCA. Hereby, a potentially more advanced configuration of starting motives is explored. Additionally, this study applies a career perspective towards the domain of solo self-employment by exploring how solo self-employed with distinct motivational profiles differ in terms of managing their entrepreneurial careers.

scholarly journals The Role of Basin Geometry in Mountain Snowpack Responses to Climate Change

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Shea ◽  
Paul H. Whitfield ◽  
Xing Fang ◽  
John W. Pomeroy
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Distributed Modeling ◽  
Basin Geometry ◽  
Basin Response ◽  
High Elevations

Snowmelt contributions to streamflow in mid-latitude mountain basins typically dominate other runoff sources on annual and seasonal timescales. Future increases in temperature and changes in precipitation will affect both snow accumulation and seasonal runoff timing and magnitude, but the underlying and fundamental roles of mountain basin geometry and hypsometry on snowmelt sensitivity have received little attention. To investigate the role of basin geometry in snowmelt sensitivity, a linear snow accumulation model and the Cold Regions Hydrological Modeling (CRHM) platform driven are used to estimate how hypsometry affects basin-wide snow volumes and snowmelt runoff. Area-elevation distributions for fifty basins in western Canada were extracted, normalized according to their elevation statistics, and classified into three clusters that represent top-heavy, middle, and bottom-heavy basins. Prescribed changes in air temperature alter both the snow accumulation gradient and the total snowmelt energy, leading to snowpack volume reductions (10–40%), earlier melt onsets (1–4 weeks) and end of melt season (3 weeks), increases in early spring melt rates and reductions in seasonal areal melt rates (up to 50%). Basin hypsometry controls the magnitude of the basin response. The most sensitive basins are bottom-heavy, and have a greater proportion of their area at low elevations. The least sensitive basins are top-heavy, and have a greater proportion of their area at high elevations. Basins with similar proportional areas at high and low elevations fall in between the others in terms of sensitivity and other metrics. This work provides context for anticipating the impacts of ongoing hydrological change due to climate change, and provides guidance for both monitoring networks and distributed modeling efforts.

How to dress up in Eretz Israel, 1880s–1948: A visual approach to clothing, fashion and nation building

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svenja Bethke
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Jewish State ◽  
Fashion Studies ◽  
Visual Approach ◽  
Hebrew Culture ◽  
The Individual

This article provides a methodological approach to the integration of Zionist photographs into research on the pre-state Jewish community in Eretz Israel from the end of the nineteenth century until the foundation of the Jewish state in 1948. By focusing on dress, and drawing on visual culture and fashion studies, the article highlights the role of the individual in nation building and foregrounds the influence of various migrant groups in the emergence of a national project. While scholarship has largely ignored the role of dress, and especially male dress, in pre-state settings, the article takes the example of Eretz Israel to show how examining dress in Zionist photographs sheds light on the experimental and transnational character in search of a new Hebrew culture. By examining three photographs of socialist Zionist groups of the second Aliyah, the article shows how male Zionist settlers integrated transnational dressing habits and fantasies about their imagined homeland. They created a new way of dressing as an expression of political agendas that were interconnected with the reinvention of a new image of the male Jew. Looking beyond the case study of Eretz Israel, the article stresses the broader relevance of dress in the negotiations and power struggles at the micro level of a pre-state community and the emergence of national clothing ideals. It concludes by outlining ways of refining the methodological approach, and suggesting future research avenues at the intersection of fashion studies and nation building by shifting the focus towards case studies prior to the existence of national fashion systems.

Improving service quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flevy Lasrado ◽  
Munyaradzi Nyadzayo
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Financial Benefits ◽  
Management Commitment

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating role of total quality management (TQM) internalization factors on the relationship between the proposed drivers (internal/external motives) and outcomes (external benefits and financial results). Design/methodology/approach Using a sample of quality managers, this study adopts a two-step methodological approach to explore the key components of TQM internalization via an initial exploratory study followed up with a quantitative study to examine the relationships between the proposed drivers using structural equation modeling. Findings The qualitative study revealed the key components of TQM implementation factors, namely top management commitment, middle management commitment and audits, training and employees’ commitment. The quantitative results show that a positive relationship between external motives and TQM internalization was not supported; yet, the results supported the influence of internal motives on TQM internalization. Further, the results revealed a significant relationship between TQM internalization and internal benefits but not financial benefits. Finally, a strong positive link between internal and financial benefits emerged. Research limitations/implications The study findings are only based on the perceptions of quality managers and future research could test the proposed model using other units of analysis in order to fully capture the role of TQM internalization. Practical implications The findings show that award model adoption is a significant tool for quality improvement in organizations, a procedure that drives both internal and financial benefits. Further, the study points out areas that companies should emphasize in order to successfully implement a quality award model and therefore harvest its potential benefits. Originality/value The paper proposes an empirically tested conceptual framework that examines vital issues concerning the internalization of the TQM approach through award models, thus providing valuable outcomes for decision makers to improve service quality.

scholarly journals Mediating role of meaningful work between resources and work engagement in Bangladesh’s private banks

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 777-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubaba Nawrin
Keyword(s):  
Work Engagement ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Meaningful Work ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Job Demand ◽  
Private Banks ◽  
Psychological Mechanism

Abstract Engaged employees are considered as the most desired assets for the organization. Although significant contributions have been observed in the engagement literature, a holistic approach is yet to be untouched in terms of developing relationship between various resources, work engagement and psychological mechanism such as meaningful work. The purpose of this study is to explore the mediating role of meaningful work between resources and work engagement in private banks in Bangladesh. This study followed the quantitative methodological approach and based on Bakker and Demerouti’s (2007) Job demand-resources model. A survey questionnaire was prepared and used to collect data. 440 respondents participated in this study, who is currently working in private banks in Bangladesh. Multiple regression analysis along with Sobel test was performed to analyze the data. The findings confirmed that the relationships between organizational, job, personal resources and work engagement were partially mediated through meaningful work. It has been observed that all determinates had a significant influence on work engagement. For practical implications, the organization can align various resources to uplift the engagement level of the employees. Since meaningful work was found to be a significant predictor, managers can develop jobs where employees can relate their purpose to their work. This study recommends that future research can apply this model to different contexts as well as to different groups of respondents.

scholarly journals The Role of Project Management Social Responsibility in Project Success: An evidence of Project Sustainability Management from Developing Regions

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (IV) ◽  
pp. 310-318
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iftikhar Ali ◽  
Shumaila Israr ◽  
Samia Zaheer
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Project Success ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional

Projects have been playing a vital role in the sustainable development of organizations and society as well. The study aimed to examine the role of project management social responsibility in the enhancement of projects success in Pakistan. The methodological approach was survey-based research utilizing 13 items of social responsibility questionnaire, whereas project success was measured through the 25 items Project Success Assessment Questionnaire. A stratified random sampling technique was used and 300 questionnaires were distributed to project managers for cross-sectional data collection. The project managers were the respondents having work experience of social sector projects in Pakistan. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analyses. Findings highlighted that social responsibility has a positive and significant effect on the enhancement of project success. The study offered recommendations for government funding organization for sustainable project management. The study provides directions for future research.

High-Skilled Migration

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
First Century ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Skilled Migration ◽  
Migration Policies ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
The Impact

This book explores and critically reviews the complex relationship between contemporary high-skilled migration processes and skill-specific migration policies. The analytical and methodological approach is multidisciplinary, offering a broad and comprehensive perspective on high-skilled migration in the twenty-first century. It provides a comparative perspective focusing mainly on Europe and North America, but also taking into account high-skilled migration within and from the Global South. The book contributes in particular to the growing literature on high-skilled migration policies, the ‘making’ and effectiveness of high-skilled migration policies, the role of gender in high-skilled migration, and the impact of the global economic crisis and other structural changes on high-skilled migration processes. This volume further addresses challenges of the so-called ‘medical brain drain’ and the mobility of health professionals, as well as the mobility of students and scientists. Its unique contribution is to link these largely separate literatures and to offer a comprehensive perspective on the interlinkages between high-skilled migration processes and skill-specific migration policies. Consequently, this volume gives a state-of-the-art overview on this vibrant and rapidly expanding field of social scientific inquiry and explores new avenues for future research.

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