Agriculture Biogeography

The challenge of increasing food production to keep pace with demand, while retaining the essential ecological integrity of production systems, requires coordinated action among science disciplines. Thus, 21st-century Agriculture should incorporate disciplines related to natural resources, environmental science, and life sciences. Biogeography, as one of those disciplines, provides a unique contribution because it can generate research ideas and methods that can be used to ameliorate this challenge, with the concept of relative space providing the conceptual and analytical framework within which data can be integrated, related, and structured into a whole. A new branch of Biogeography, Agriculture Biogeography, is proposed here and defined as the application of the principles, theories, and analyses of Biogeography to agricultural systems, including all human activities related to breeding or cultivation, mostly to provide goods and services. It not only encompasses the problem that land use seems scarcely to be compatible with biodiversity conservation, but also a substantial body of theory and analysis involving subjects not strictly related to conservation. Our aim is to define the field and scope of Agriculture Biogeography, set the foundations of a conceptual framework of the discipline, and present some subjects related to Agriculture Biogeography. We present, in summary form, a concept map which summarizes the relationship between agriculture systems and Biogeography, and delineates the current engagement between Agriculture and Biogeography through the discussion of some perspectives from Biogeography and from the agriculture research.

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Introduction

10.1093/oso/9780198795667.003.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Jérémie Gilbert

Keyword(s):

Natural Resources ◽

Food Production ◽

Analytical Framework ◽

Natural Resources Management ◽

International Human Rights Law ◽

Human Rights Law ◽

Resources Management ◽

Cultural Rights ◽

Political Economic ◽

The Relationship

The chapter explains the relationship between the issue of natural resources management and international human rights law (IHRL), and places it into context with regards to the book. It examines how the management of natural resources is linked to broad issues of economic development, peace, and security, as well as the political, economic, social, and cultural rights of individuals and communities. The introduction also establishes the analytical framework of the book by adopting a rights-based approach to natural resources management and its regulation, and how these activities related to the structural allocation of wealth and power. Overall, it looks at the interaction between IHRL and natural resources based on six main concerns: sovereignty, property, governance, access to sources of livelihood/food production, cultural and natural heritage, and conservation.

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The Characteristics of Five Food Production Systems and Their Implications for Sustainable Landscapes

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v10n2p23 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Robert P. Burdock ◽

Peter Ampt

Keyword(s):

Food Production ◽

Production Systems ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Agricultural Systems ◽

Environmental Complexity ◽

Industrial Systems ◽

Rural Landscapes ◽

Sustainability Principles

This paper presents a classification of agricultural production systems that we believe characterises the complex interface between agriculture and the landscapes in which they are managed. Farmers have a choice about how they will manage their land, either to exclude inherent environmental complexity or to engage with it, mindful of risks associated with their approach. Adding to this complexity is the interplay between key natural, social, human, physical and financial resources in agricultural systems, highlighting the importance of extending sustainability principles to aspects of ecology, economics and culture. Decisions about agricultural systems hinge on a balance of productive outcomes, on sensitivity to the issues of environmental complexity, on economic grounds including the access to resources, and the socio-cultural needs of the community in which the farmer participates. Further, farm managers will make a choice that both satisfies and suffices (satisfices) against production, ecological efficiencies and resilience outcomes when choosing which food production system to adopt. In this paper, these complexities are analysed against five different agricultural systems on an ecological continuum; from biologically simple industrial systems that minimise interaction with the natural environment, to ecologically complex systems that are closely engaged with their environment. Production viability is a necessary consideration to maintain farming operations but is not sufficient if operational capacity is to be achieved in the long term. This analysis finds that it is also necessary to work with ecological, economic and social complexities, satisficing against productivity, ecological efficiency and inherit system resilience. No one particular farming systems is appropriate in all cases. The farmer’s choice may apply a mix of the five different agricultural systems described, allowing for the blending of these attributes in order to sustain rural landscapes.

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Does basic education students know the importance of agroecology production systems for the conservation of biodiversity?

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v9i4.2784 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. e04942784

Author(s):

Andrea Aline Mombach ◽

Carla Grasiele Zanin Hegel ◽

Rogério Luis Cansian ◽

Sônia Beatris Balvedi Zakrzevski

Keyword(s):

Student Perceptions ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Water Conservation ◽

Social Transformation ◽

Basic Education ◽

Production Systems ◽

Agricultural Systems ◽

Education Students ◽

Chi Square ◽

Conservation Of Biodiversity

The perception of a basic education of the importance of agroecological agricultural systems for human and environmental health is fundamental for changes in consumption habits, the conservation of local biodiversity and long-term social transformation. We analyzed, by utilizing a questionnaire consisting of open and closed questions, the perceptions about agroecological and conventional agricultural production systems in 360 final students of basic education residing in nine Functional Planning Regions of southern Brazil. We used classification categories for answers within thematic axes, expressed in percentages and analyzed by means of Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests. In general, students recognize agroecological systems as healthier for their families and for soil and water conservation, largely because they do not use agrochemicals. However, they demonstrated difficulties when arguing their importance for the conservation of biodiversity, ecosystems and for ensuring the food security of populations. Television was the main source of information related to agroecology, mainly for students residing in rural areas, thus pointing out shortcomings in basic education regarding the approach of the theme in schools. Our results show the need to build a complex network of knowledge and discussions on agroecological agricultural systems in basic education, involving changes in student perceptions, behaviors and sustainable choices.

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Phosphorus: Past History and Contributions to the Global Food Supply

10.24047/bc10316 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 103 (1) ◽

pp. 6-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Terry Roberts

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Food Supply ◽

Food Production ◽

Production Systems ◽

Past History ◽

Phosphate Fertilizer ◽

Global Food ◽

Global Food Supply

Since its early rudimentary forms, phosphate fertilizer has developed in step with our understanding of successful food production systems. Recognized as essential to life, the responsible use P in agriculture remains key to food security.

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Factors Influencing Customer’s Retail Chain Store Brand Choice Intention: Empirical Study of Circle K Stores in Hanoi

VNU Journal of Science Economics and Business ◽

10.25073/2588-1108/vnueab.4370 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Nguyen Thu Ha ◽

Nguyen Thi Thanh Huyen

Keyword(s):

Brand Choice ◽

Distribution Networks ◽

Analytical Framework ◽

Store Brand ◽

Chain Store ◽

Retail Chain ◽

Five Elements ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

The retail market in Vietnam continues to grow with the entry of foreign retail brands and the strong rise of domestic businesses in expanding distribution networks and conquering consumer confidence. The appearance of more retail brands has created a fiercely competitive market. Based on the outcomes of previous research results on brand choice intention combined with a customer survey, the paper proposes an analytical framework and scales to examine the relationship of five elements including store image, price perception, risk perception, brand attitudes, brand awareness and retail brand choice intention with a case study of the Hanoi-based Circle K convenience store chain. These five elements are the precondition for retail businesses to develop their brands so as to attract customers.

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Research and approaches to the integration processes in the European Union

Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу ◽

10.31861/mhpi2016.33-34.126-133 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 126-133

Author(s):

Alexander Motsyk

Keyword(s):

Political Parties ◽

The European Union ◽

Goods And Services ◽

Country Level ◽

Fourth Level ◽

Methodological Principles ◽

Political Economic ◽

The Relationship ◽

Political Groups ◽

Integration Levels

The article is devoted to the study of modern trends of integration processes. We studied the methodological principles and approaches to the study of the integration of subjects. Specifically analyzed integration levels: individual, regional, domestic, interstate, global. Also, isolated and characterized various forms of integration: political, economic, informational, cultural and others. We analyzed the integration process as a result of the relationship, cooperation, convergence and integration into a single unit of any parts, components countries, their economies, social and political structures, cultural, social and political groups, ethnic groups, political parties, movements and organizations. It is proved that integration has several levels of development. Interaction at the level of enterprises and organizations (first level) – directly to producers of goods and services. The integration of the economies of the main links of different countries is complemented by the interaction at the country level (the second level). The third level of development of integration processes – interaction at the level of parties and organizations, social groups and individuals from different countries – can be defined as a social and political one. Fourth level – is the level of the actual integration group as an economic community, with its characteristics and peculiarities. It was noted that today is used by political science approaches to the study of integration. It is important to the following principles: federalism, functionalism, communicative approach, and others. Keywords: Integration, levels, approaches, studies, European integration, politics, economics, features

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Preliminaries

10.1093/oso/9780198785156.003.0002 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

David J. Lobina

Keyword(s):

Data Structures ◽

Production Systems ◽

Specific Data ◽

Recursive Functions ◽

Recursive Solution ◽

Partial Recursive Functions ◽

Recursive Structures ◽

Recursive Data Structures ◽

Recursive Data ◽

The Relationship

Recursion, or the capacity of ‘self-reference’, has played a central role within mathematical approaches to understanding the nature of computation, from the general recursive functions of Alonzo Church to the partial recursive functions of Stephen C. Kleene and the production systems of Emil Post. Recursion has also played a significant role in the analysis and running of certain computational processes within computer science (viz., those with self-calls and deferred operations). Yet the relationship between the mathematical and computer versions of recursion is subtle and intricate. A recursively specified algorithm, for example, may well proceed iteratively if time and space constraints permit; but the nature of specific data structures—viz., recursive data structures—will also return a recursive solution as the most optimal process. In other words, the correspondence between recursive structures and recursive processes is not automatic; it needs to be demonstrated on a case-by-case basis.

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The formation conditions of birch tar in oxygen-depleted environments

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences ◽

10.1007/s12520-021-01352-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Tabea J. Koch ◽

Patrick Schmidt

Keyword(s):

Temperature Interval ◽

Production Systems ◽

Technical Skills ◽

Middle Palaeolithic ◽

Dry Distillation ◽

Narrow Temperature Interval ◽

Glass Tubes ◽

Formation Conditions ◽

The Relationship ◽

Heating Duration

AbstractBirch tar is the oldest manmade adhesive dating back to the European Middle Palaeolithic. Its study is of importance for understanding the cognitive capacities and technical skills of Neanderthals and the aceramic production systems employed in the European Palaeolithic and Mesolithic. Several methods may have been used to make birch tar, the most common proposition being dry distillation in oxygen-depleted atmospheres. One of the major impediments for our understanding of the conditions employed to make Neanderthal birch tar, and ultimately the technique used, is that it remains unknown at which temperatures exactly birch tar forms. The relationship between heating duration and tar formation is also unknown. To address these questions, we conduct a laboratory heating experiment, using sealed glass tubes and an electric furnace. We found that birch tar is only produced at a narrow temperature interval (350 °C and 400 °C). Heating times longer than 15 min have no effect on the quantity of tar produced. These findings, notwithstanding previous propositions of necessarily long heating times and larger tolerances for temperature, have important implications for our understanding of the investment in time needed for Palaeolithic birch tar making.

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