scholarly journals Fear in Humans: A Glimpse into the Crowd-Modeling Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alastair Shipman ◽  
Arnab Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Computer Modeling ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Crowd Modeling ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Software Models ◽  
Key Stakeholders

There have been a number of high-profile incidents in recent years in which appropriate evacuation has been necessary due to the extreme nature of the incident (e.g., terrorist attacks). Evacuation under extreme situations causes specific behavioral responses and understanding these can significantly affect the efficacy of an evacuation, potentially saving lives. This paper offers a view of the current understanding of this area of research by performing a literature review into the required areas (sociological, psychological and computer modeling). It finds that although there has been significant progress in sociological models of human behavior, there is a lack of appropriate software models for extreme emergencies that can accurately model states of fear. This point is independently established in interviews with key stakeholders in the area of human behavior and emergencies. The interviewees identify that a better model is required and provide their desired areas of progress, specifically that more data is required to develop new theories and calibrate software models.

scholarly journals Discussing Laddering Application by the Means-End Chain Theory

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tânia Veludo-de-Oliveira ◽  
Ana Ikeda ◽  
Marcos Campomar
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Chain Theory ◽  
Interviewing Technique ◽  
Critical Literature

This article aims at analyzing laddering as a technique of qualitative research, emphasizing the procedures for data collection, analysis and interpretation, and its main limitations as well. “Laddering refers to an in-depth, one-on-one interviewing technique used to develop an understanding of how consumers translate the attributes of products into meaningful associations with respect to self, following means-end theory” (Reynolds & Gutman, 1988, p. 12). The critical literature review shows that laddering is useful in studies on human behavior, especially those related to the Means-End Chain (MEC) model. For a successful application, highly trained interviewers, homogeneous groups of respondents, and the Laddermap should be taken into consideration.

Mobile dating applications and sexual and violent offending

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamarah Pooley ◽  
Hayley Boxall
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Prevention And Intervention ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Violent Offending ◽  
Dating Apps ◽  
Violent Victimisation

In the last few years, a number of high-profile cases of sexual and violent offending have been committed after the offender and victim met through a mobile dating application (dating app). Subsequent media and popular rhetoric have positioned dating app sexual and violent offending as a major safety concern. A literature review was conducted to determine the prevalence of dating app violence, the design features of dating apps that create and prevent opportunities for violence to occur, and the prevention strategies used by individual users and app designers. Results suggest that dating app users are at greater risk of sexual and violent victimisation than non-users. Dating app features designed to promote safety and connectedness paradoxically place users at risk of victimisation. Although some dating apps feature innovative safety mechanisms, most place the onus on users to protect themselves against victimisation. More research is needed to inform prevention and intervention efforts.

Emergent Technologies Shaping Instructional Design

2020 ◽  
pp. 1607-1630
Author(s):  
Pascal Roubides
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Instructional Design ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Adaptive Learning ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Emergent Technologies ◽  
Professional Field ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Near Future

This chapter discusses emergent technologies that are currently shaping or expected to shape the field of instructional design in the near future. The discussion begins with a brief overview of instructional design as a professional field over the past century, then focuses on current and promising trends for the field based on advances in technologies supporting instructional development. This chapter intends to provide a centralized literature review of multiple pathways currently being carved in the field, encompassing several parallel trending areas, such as adaptive learning, digital storytelling, gamification, simulation technologies, augmented and virtual reality, cybernetics, the xAPI standard, mobile and ubiquitous learning, and offer a glimpse of how they are shaping or expected to shape the future of all those involved in designing and delivering learning or effecting human behavior and performance change.

1. The art and science of music psychology

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Hellmuth Margulis
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Computer Modeling ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Music Theory ◽  
Experimental Psychology ◽  
Art And Science ◽  
Music Psychology

Music can seem to be the human behavior that is least susceptible to explanation, but a long history exists of applying various frameworks to try to understand it. The cognitive science of music integrates ideas from philosophy, music theory, experimental psychology, neuroscience, anthropology, and computer modeling to answer questions about music’s role in people’s lives. The art of music psychology is to bring rigorous scientific methodologies to questions about the human musical capacity while applying sophisticated humanistic approaches to framing and interpreting the science.

Cyber Readiness

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-26
Author(s):  
John S. Hurley ◽  
H. Mark McGibbon ◽  
Roxanne Everetts
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
User Communities ◽  
The World ◽  
Information Assets ◽  
The Impact

Many of the systems that control the critical infrastructure were not originally designed with security in mind. This has left us vulnerable to unwanted attacks in many of the environments. It has become essential that the authors determine if their infrastructures are better prepared for existing and future threats. In this study, the authors will examine the impact of attacks, including terrorist attacks on critical infrastructures, in particular, the Energy sector. The results show that in spite of the warnings of the threats carried out in various sectors and organizations around the world, they have still remain extremely vulnerable because of a number of critical security issues that hamper their ability to better serve and protect our vital information assets. The authors examine some of the most prominent models being used today and how they may be modified to better serve the needs of their user communities and key stakeholders.

Guiding Principles for Identifying and Promoting Best Practice in Virtual Campuses

2011 ◽  
pp. 147-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Stansfield ◽  
Thomas Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Virtual Campus ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Level Model ◽  
Guiding Principles ◽  
Executive Agency ◽  
Different Levels

This chapter will outline a set of guiding principles underpinning key issues in the promotion of best practice in virtual campuses. The work was conducted as part of the “Promoting Best Practice in Virtual Campuses” (PBP-VC) project that is aimed at identifying underlying issues and examples of best practice in providing a better understanding into virtual campus development and sustainability. The PBP-VC project was a two year European Commission Education Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA) co-financed project running from March 2007 to February 2009. The PBP-VC project team have worked with key stakeholders from virtual campus projects across Europe and globally in identifying and exploring key issues relating to best practice. The importance of developing a practical set of guiding principles for identifying, evaluating and promoting best practice in virtual campuses and e-learning can be demonstrated by the significant number of high profile e-learning and virtual campus failures that have occurred over the last decade both within Europe and globally at great financial cost. This chapter will highlight key enablers and inhibitors to success, provide a description of the different elements comprising the guiding principles in the promotion of best practice, as well as describing a tentative four level model aimed at illustrating different levels of virtual campus maturity in the achievement of sustainability and organisational transformation.

scholarly journals Blackfish and SeaWorld: A Case Study in the Framing of a Crisis

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-243
Author(s):  
Randall L. Waller ◽  
Christina L. Iluzada
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Animal Rights ◽  
Frame Theory ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
High Profile

This research focuses on the crisis that the documentary Blackfish precipitated at SeaWorld. The study begins with a brief account of the growth and evolution of SeaWorld and the financial and reputational damage that followed Blackfish’s release in 2013. A literature review of framing and frame theory follows. Next, the three issue-related, transformative frames embedded in the text/video of Blackfish are identified and analyzed; then the three main counter frames deployed by SeaWorld are identified and analyzed. The conclusion discusses how and why Blackfish prevailed in this high-profile framing contest. It does so by discussing the resonance, coherence, and credibility of the documentary’s anticaptivity narrative and its superiority over SeaWorld’s counterframing campaign. Perhaps even more important, the conclusion briefly examines how the tectonic shift in late-20th-century public opinion regarding animal rights—the kairotic backdrop of this crisis—forced SeaWorld to fundamentally change its business model in order to meet the dictates of this new ethos and to reestablish its postcrisis legitimacy.

scholarly journals Ethnography in Qualitative Research: A Literature Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Nouf Nawar Mohsen Alotaibi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Social Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
Areas Of Interest

Qualitative data allows researchers an opportunity to explore areas of interest in a more in-depth manner, paying special attention to the cause, order, and purpose of behaviors and events. One method of qualitative data is ethnography. Ethnography lacks a singular definition but possesses several characteristics that are consistent across scholarly debates. Ethnography plays an important role in qualitative research, as it seeks to answer the reasoning behind many elements of human behavior and social events. This paper will explore the history of ethnography, the types of ethnography, the advantages, limitations, and ethical considerations of ethnography. Keywords: Ethnography, qualitative research, advantages, limitations, ethics, data. 

Western politics may inflate Sahelian jihadi threat

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Security Cooperation ◽  
International Policy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western Politics

Subject The militancy phenomenon. Significance The Sahel is often discussed in Western and international policy circles as a region with notable problems of porous borders, smuggling, trafficking and militant Islamists. In recent years, the Sahel has seen several high-profile terrorist attacks and violent incidents, and there is a history of Westerners being kidnapped in the Sahara. The political crisis in Mali in 2012-13 triggered military intervention by France and the deployment of a UN peacekeeping mission. Impacts High-profile terrorist attacks may recur in the Sahel but will remain rare. Regional security cooperation will grow only slowly. Militant groups will not form significant links across the region or outside it.

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