scholarly journals Evaluating the Traffic Capacity of the Zion–Mt. Carmel Tunnel in Zion National Park

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jonathan Upchurch
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Traffic Engineering ◽  
National Park ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Highway Capacity ◽  
Zion National Park ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Pass Through

Constructed in 1930 and recently designated as a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark, the 1.1 mile long Zion–Mt. Carmel Tunnel has served Zion National Park in Utah well for several decades. With the passage of time, however, vehicles have become larger and this has necessitated the use of one-way operation to allow large vehicles to pass through the narrow tunnel. In recent years the number of visits to National Parks in the Colorado Plateau region has greatly increased. For example, visits to Zion National Park increased by 69% from 2010 to 2017. Accompanying the increase in visitor numbers has been an increase in traffic volume. As traffic volume has grown, two questions have become more obvious: What is the highway capacity of the Zion–Mt. Carmel Tunnel? And, how soon will the tunnel reach capacity? This paper covers a unique traffic engineering/highway capacity problem and describes: (a) the current method of operating the tunnel (both two-way and one-way operation); (b) data collection and analysis; (c) how one-way operation degrades tunnel capacity; (d) calculation of tunnel capacity and waiting times; (e) how soon the tunnel will reach capacity; and (f) alternatives for addressing the capacity problem.

scholarly journals Interpretation of Geoheritage for Geotourism – a Comparison of Chinese geoparks and National Parks in the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Ren ◽  
Louis Simonson ◽  
Zhixin Pan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
The United States ◽  
System Model ◽  
System Construction ◽  
Zion National Park ◽  
Interpretation System ◽  
The Common ◽  
New Perspective

Abstract This study presents an interpretation system model of geoheritage to facilitate the understanding of geoscience knowledge by the common lay person. Interpretation system construction is crucial to geoparks and is a shared value. The improvement of the effectiveness of geoheritage interpretation is still under exploration. Therefore, the interpretation systems of two global geoparks in China are outlined and compared with the interpretation system in Zion National Park in the United States. From lessons and experiences, this paper suggests utilizing geotourism as a complete contextual communication system, in which a geopark (source) delivers information about its unique cultural and natural values to target tourists (receivers) through tourism activities (channels). The communication effect of geotourism is monitored by feedback from tourists through the post-travel surveys or activities. We expect that this model will provide a better interpretation of geoheritage with a new perspective.

scholarly journals Identifikasi Ekologi Sarang Elang Jawa (Nisaetus bartelsi) Di Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak, Resort Gunung Salak I

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Ratih Ratna Iskandar ◽  
Dewi Elfidasari ◽  
Pairah Pairah
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Birds Of Prey ◽  
Nest Habitat ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Schima Wallichii ◽  
Tree Characteristics

(Article History: Received November 11, 2020; Revised January 5, 2021; Accepted 28 February 2021) ABSTRAKSalah satu burung pemangsa yang terdapat di Indonesia adalah Elang Jawa (Nisaetus bartelsi). Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak (TNGHS) adalah salah satu taman nasional yang ada di Indonesia. TNGHS merupakan salah satu habitat bagi Elang Jawa, hal ini dikarenakan kondisinya yang bisa dikatakan masih cukup baik dan data-data mengenai burung Elang Jawa di Kawasan TNGHS masih belum memadai. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan eksplorasi mengenai habitat populasi Elang Jawa di Kawasan TNGHS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan habitat dan sarang Elang Jawa yang meliputi lokasi, jenis pohon dan ciri-ciri pohon yang digunakan sebagai tempat meletakan sarang di TNGHS. Hal ini berguna untuk memberikan informasi tentang habitat sarang Elang Jawa pada Kawasan tersebut. Metode yang digunakan yaitu survei, pemantauan sarang, wawancara, pengumpulan dan analisis data. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan N. bartelsi, menggunakan pohon Litsea cordata (Huru) dengan ketinggian 40-60 meter sebagai sarangnya, dan pohon Schima wallichii (Puspa) untuk bertengger. Kata Kunci: Elang Jawa; Habitat; Sarang; TNGHS ABSTRACTOne of the birds of prey found in Indonesia is the Javan Hawk Eagle (Nisaetus bartelsi). Mount Halimun Salak National Park (TNGHS) is one of the national parks in Indonesia. TNGHS is one of the habitats for Javanese eagles. This is because the conditions are still quite good and data on Javanese eagles in the TNGHS area are still inadequate. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the habitat of the Javan hawk population in the TNGHS area. This study aims to explain the habitat and nest of Javanese eagles which include location, tree species and tree characteristics used as a place to place nests in TNGHS. This is useful for providing information about the Javan hawk nest habitat in the area. The methods used are surveys, nest monitoring, interviews, data collection and analysis. Based on the observations of N. bartelsi, using the tree Litsea cordata (Huru) with a height of 40-60 meters as a nest, and the tree Schima wallichii (Puspa) for perching.Keywords: Javan hawk eagle; Habitat; Nest; TNGHS

Upper Triassic lithostratigraphy, depositional systems, and vertebrate paleontology across southern Utah

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 99-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Martz ◽  
James I. Kirkland ◽  
Andrew R.C. Milner ◽  
William G. Parker ◽  
Vincent L. Santucci
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Zion National Park ◽  
Chinle Formation ◽  
Depositional Systems ◽  
Wingate Sandstone ◽  
San Rafael ◽  
San Rafael Swell ◽  
Petrified Forest ◽  
Moenave Formation

The Chinle Formation and the lower part of the overlying Wingate Sandstone and Moenave Formation were deposited in fluvial, lacustrine, paludal, and eolian environments during the Norian and Rhaetian stages of the Late Triassic (~230 to 201.3 Ma), during which time the climate shifted from subtropical to increasingly arid. In southern Utah, the Shinarump Member was largely confined to pre-Chinle paleovalleys and usually overprinted by mottled strata. From southeastern to southwestern Utah, the lower members of the Chinle Formation (Cameron Member and correlative Monitor Butte Member) thicken dramatically whereas the upper members of the Chinle Formation (the Moss Back, Petrified Forest, Owl Rock, and Church Rock Members) become erosionally truncated; south of Moab, the Kane Springs beds are laterally correlative with the Owl Rock Member and uppermost Petrified Forest Member. Prior to the erosional truncation of the upper members, the Chinle Formation was probably thickest in a southeast to northwest trend between Petrified Forest National Park and the Zion National Park, and thinned to the northeast due to the lower Chinle Formation lensing out against the flanks of the Ancestral Rocky Mountains, where the thickness of the Chinle is largely controlled by syndepositional salt tectonism. The Gartra and Stanaker Members of the Ankareh Formation are poorly understood Chinle Formation correlatives north of the San Rafael Swell. Osteichthyan fish, metoposaurid temnospondyls, phytosaurids, and crocodylomorphs are known throughout the Chinle Formation, although most remains are fragmentary. In the Cameron and Monitor Butte Members, metoposaurids are abundant and non-pseudopalatine phytosaurs are known, as is excellent material of the paracrocodylomorph Poposaurus; fragmentary specimens of the aetosaurs Calyptosuchus, Desmatosuchus, and indeterminate paratypothoracisins were probably also recovered from these beds. Osteichthyans, pseudopalatine phytosaurs, and the aetosaur Typothorax are especially abundant in the Kane Springs beds and Church Rock Member of Lisbon Valley, and Typothorax is also known from the Petrified Forest Member in Capitol Reef National Park. Procolophonids, doswelliids, and dinosaurs are known but extremely rare in the Chinle Formation of Utah. Body fossils and tracks of osteichthyans, therapsids, crocodylomorphs, and theropods are well known from the lowermost Wingate Sandstone and Moenave Formation, especially from the St. George Dinosaur Discovery Site at Johnson Farm.

From Competition to Cooperation: A History of Canada–US National Park Relations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence Young ◽  
Alan MacEachern ◽  
Lary Dilsaver
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Us ◽  
Park Service ◽  
Settler Societies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Flow Of Information ◽  
The Relationship

This essay explores the evolving international relationship of the two national park agencies that in 1968 began to offer joint training classes for protected-area managers from around the world. Within the British settler societies that dominated nineteenth century park-making, the United States’ National Park Service (NPS) and Canada’s National Parks Branch were the most closely linked and most frequently cooperative. Contrary to campfire myths and nationalist narratives, however, the relationship was not a one-way flow of information and motivation from the US to Canada. Indeed, the latter boasted a park bureaucracy before the NPS was established. The relationship of the two nations’ park leaders in the half century leading up to 1968 demonstrates the complexity of defining the influences on park management and its diffusion from one country to another.

SIZE, AGE, AND GEOMORPHIC CONSEQUENCES OF AN ANCIENT ROCK AVALANCHE IN HOP VALLEY, ZION NATIONAL PARK, UTAH

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Stanczyk ◽  
◽  
Jeffrey R. Moore ◽  
Olivia Kronig ◽  
Brendon J. Quirk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Rock Avalanche ◽  
Zion National Park ◽  
Ancient Rock

Into Russian Nature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan D. Roe
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
National Parks ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
National Park ◽  
World War ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
History Of ◽  
Development Goals

Into Russian Nature examines the history of the Russian national park movement. Russian biologists and geographers had been intrigued with the idea of establishing national parks before the Great October Revolution but pushed the Soviet government successfully to establish nature reserves (zapovedniki) during the USSR’s first decades. However, as the state pushed scientists to make zapovedniki more “useful” during the 1930s, some of the system’s staunchest defenders started supporting tourism in them. In the decades after World War II, the USSR experienced a tourism boom and faced a chronic shortage of tourism facilities. Also during these years, Soviet scientists took active part in Western-dominated international environmental protection organizations, where they became more familiar with national parks. In turn, they enthusiastically promoted parks for the USSR as a means to reconcile environmental protection and economic development goals, bring international respect to Soviet nature protection efforts, and help instill a love for the country’s nature and a desire to protect it in Russian/Soviet citizens. By the late 1980s, their supporters pushed transformative, and in some cases quixotic, park proposals. At the same time, national park opponents presented them as an unaffordable luxury during a time of economic struggle, especially after the USSR’s collapse. Despite unprecedented collaboration with international organizations, Russian national parks received little governmental support as they became mired in land-use conflicts with local populations. While the history of Russia’s national parks illustrates a bold attempt at reform, the state’s failure’s to support them has left Russian park supporters deeply disillusioned.

scholarly journals Values of Travel Time for Recreational Trips under Different Behavioural Rules

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6831
Author(s):  
Rosa Marina González ◽  
Concepción Román ◽  
Ángel Simón Marrero
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
National Park ◽  
Revealed Preference ◽  
Discrete Choice Models ◽  
Model Specification ◽  
Regret Minimization ◽  
Random Regret Minimization

In this study, discrete choice models that combine different behavioural rules are estimated to study the visitors’ preferences in relation to their travel mode choices to access a national park. Using a revealed preference survey conducted on visitors of Teide National Park (Tenerife, Spain), we present a hybrid model specification—with random parameters—in which we assume that some attributes are evaluated by the individuals under conventional random utility maximization (RUM) rules, whereas others are evaluated under random regret minimization (RRM) rules. We then compare the results obtained using exclusively a conventional RUM approach to those obtained using both RUM and RRM approaches, derive monetary valuations of the different components of travel time and calculate direct elasticity measures. Our results provide useful instruments to evaluate policies that promote the use of more sustainable modes of transport in natural sites. Such policies should be considered as priorities in many national parks, where negative transport externalities such as traffic congestion, pollution, noise and accidents are causing problems that jeopardize not only the sustainability of the sites, but also the quality of the visit.

scholarly journals The Wadden Sea as a National Park and UNESCO World Heritage Site: Students’ Word Associations with These Two Conservation Designations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 8006
Author(s):  
Till Schmäing ◽  
Norbert Grotjohann
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Wadden Sea ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
Word Associations ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage Site ◽  
Significant Difference

The Wadden Sea ecosystem is unique in many respects from a biological perspective. This is one reason why it is protected by national parks in Germany and by its designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In biology didactics, there are only a few studies that focus on the Wadden Sea. This work investigates students’ word associations with the two stimulus words “national park” and “UNESCO World Heritage Site”. The survey was conducted among students living directly at the Wadden Sea and among students from the inland. The analysis of the identified associations (n = 8345) was carried out within the framework of a quantitative content analysis to be able to present and discuss the results on a group level. A statistically significant difference was found between the two groups. Overall, results showed that the students made subject-related associations as well as a large number of associations to both stimulus words that could be judged as non-subject-related. In some cases, a connection with the region of residence could be found, but this was not generally the case. Even students’ immediate residential proximity to the Wadden Sea is no guarantee that they have knowledge of the two considered protection terms.

scholarly journals Does a National Park Enhance the Environment-Friendliness of Tourists as an Ecotourism Destination?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8321
Author(s):  
Eunseong Jeong ◽  
Taesoo Lee ◽  
Alan Dixon Brown ◽  
Sara Choi ◽  
Minyoung Son
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
National Park ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
The Relationship

Governments have designated national parks to protect the natural environment against ecosystem destruction and improve individuals’ emotional and recreational life. National parks enhance environment-friendly awareness by conducting ecotourism activities and individuals with environment-friendly awareness are inclined to continue to visit national parks as ecotourism destinations. The New Environmental Paradigm (NEP) is a widely used measure of environmental concern, suitable for measuring the environment-friendly attitude and revisit intention of visitors of national parks. Therefore, the study carried out structural equation modeling (SEM) to investigate the relationship between the NEP, national park conservation consciousness and environment-friendly behavioral intention. Based on the results, an implication is presented to induce national parks to cultivate individual environment-friendly awareness and for visitors to pursue sustainable, environment-friendly tourism behavior. The findings indicate that national parks are to expand educational programs and facilities for eco-tourists visiting national parks to maintain a balanced relationship between themselves and nature and have a strong environmental awareness to preserve the natural environment.

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