Comparison of Three Traffic Management Plans Showing Shadow and Police Vehicle Effects on Driver Behavior at Highway Single Lane Closures

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (9) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Ross Blackman ◽  
Matthew Legge ◽  
Ashim Kumar Debnath
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Driver Behavior ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Buffer Area ◽  
Driver Response ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Lane Closures

Lane closures on multi-lane roads require drivers to transition safely to an open lane before passing the worksite. To reduce worker and driver injury risk, truck-mounted attenuators (TMAs) are often used to prevent vehicle work zone intrusions and reduce the severity of collisions. To maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of TMA use, it is necessary to determine how and when they should be deployed as well as the best supporting measures. The current research focuses on the effects of different traffic management plans (TMPs) on driver behavior. Three TMPs at night time highway work zones were examined: ( 1 ) two tail vehicles in the advance warning area, ( 2 ) three tail vehicles in the advance warning area, and ( 3 ) addition of a marked police car with flashing lights in the buffer area downstream of the TMA. Driver response to the different TMPs was assessed by measuring vehicle speeds at three points in the traffic management area and observing lane change and merging behaviors on the approach to the TMA. Analysis showed a positive effect of police presence in the buffer area on driver behavior: TMP3 produced a reduction of 8.4%–12.9% in proportions of vehicles exceeding the speed limit by at least 5 km/h when passing the TMA. TMP3 also appeared to produce a positive effect on merging behavior compared with the other layouts. Use of a third tail vehicle in the advance warning area was not found to produce any additional safety benefit and may have a detrimental effect.

scholarly journals Simulation and measurement of air quality in the traffic congestion area

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin Yu ◽  
Chang Tang Chang ◽  
Chih Ming Ma
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Fluid Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Dimensional Distribution

AbstractThe traffic congestion in the Hsuehshan tunnel and at the Toucheng interchange has led to traffic-related air pollution with increasing concern. To ensure the authenticity of our simulation, the concentration of the last 150 m in Hsuehshan tunnel was simulated using the computational fluid dynamics fluid model. The air quality at the Toucheng interchange along a 2 km length highway was simulated using the California Line Source Dispersion Model. The differences in air quality between rush hours and normal traffic conditions were also investigated. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with installed PM2.5 sensors was developed to obtain the three-dimensional distribution of pollutants. On different roads, during the weekend, the concentrations of pollutants such as SOx, CO, NO, and PM2.5 were observed to be in the range of 0.003–0.008, 7.5–15, 1.5–2.5 ppm, and 40–80 μg m− 3, respectively. On weekdays, the vehicle speed and the natural wind were 60 km h− 1 and 2.0 m s− 1, respectively. On weekdays, the SOx, CO, NO, and PM2.5 concentrations were found to be in the range of 0.002–0.003, 3–9, 0.7–1.8 ppm, and 35–50 μg m− 3, respectively. The UAV was used to verify that the PM2.5 concentrations of vertical changes at heights of 9.0, 7.0, 5.0, and 3.0 m were 45–48, 30–35, 25–30, and 50–52 μg m− 3, respectively. In addition, the predicted PM2.5 concentrations were 40–45, 25–30, 45–48, and 45–50 μg m− 3 on weekdays. These results provide a reference model for environmental impact assessments of long tunnels and traffic jam-prone areas. These models and data are useful for transportation planners in the context of creating traffic management plans.

Driver Response Times to Side Road Path Intrusions from SHRP-2 Naturalistic Database

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1525-1529
Author(s):  
Swaroop Dinakar ◽  
Jeffrey Muttart ◽  
Jeffrey Suway ◽  
J.S. Forensics ◽  
Jim Marr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Driver Behavior ◽  
The Other ◽  
Response Behavior ◽  
Driver Response ◽  
Emergency Events ◽  
Behavior Systems

In an age where all major manufacturers are trying to get a better understanding of when an emergency response should be triggered, it becomes imperative to learn how humans respond to emergency events. If one can understand driver behavior, systems can be designed around the user to either assist drivers where they fail to perform well or completely eliminate them from the accident avoidance maneuver. In this study, 169 crash and near crash events from the SHRP2 dataset were analyzed. The response behavior of drivers was measured in events where the through drivers’ path was intruded upon by another vehicle perpendicular to its path. Overall, drivers responded significantly faster when the other vehicle failed to stop, and at intersection locations.

scholarly journals A Framework for Enhancing the Operational Phase of Traffic Management Plans

IEEE Access ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 204483-204493
Author(s):  
Luis A. Garcia ◽  
Vicente R. Tomas
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Operational Phase

scholarly journals Sociological Reflections on Governing Waste

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Honor Fagan
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Management Issue ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
National Local

The waste management issue in Ireland reached crisis proportions in the late 1990s. Reflecting on an all-Ireland empirical study of waste, this article develops a broader governance perspective and takes up the challenge of contributing to the sociology of waste. It situates waste in a ‘multiscalar’ perspective, viewing waste as a result of a complex global, national, local, and individual set of processes. It examines the dynamics involved in creating the conditions for the regulation and management of waste. It develops the notion of the ‘networked state’, and its implications for the processes of waste governance in Ireland. Finally, it focuses on the contestation of the Southern government's waste management plans and concludes that this is a positive effect of networking in a rapidly globalising Ireland.

scholarly journals Internal Control Personnel’s Experience, Internal Control Weaknesses, and ESG Rating

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8645
Author(s):  
Ja Eun Koo ◽  
Eun Sun Ki
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Corporate Sustainability ◽  
Length Of Service ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Control Quality ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Internal Control Weaknesses ◽  
Accounting Expertise ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

Effective internal control is expected to have a positive effect on Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) ratings, which are an indicator of corporate sustainability, as it ensures improvements in efficiency and effectiveness in operations, reliable reports, and compliance with applicable laws and regulations. However, no matter how well an internal control system is designed, internal control quality deteriorates if internal control (IC) personnel do not understand the firm’s business or lack accounting experience. This study first explores the relationship between ESG ratings and internal control weaknesses (ICWs). We then examine two types of career experience of IC personnel—length of service and accounting experience—and their effect on ICWs. We conduct logit regression analyses using the data of 1876 non-financial listed firms in Korea. The results show that ICW firms have low ESG ratings. We also find that the accounting experience of IC personnel is more closely related to ICWs than the length of service. This implies that the accounting expertise of IC personnel may have a greater effect on internal control quality than the understanding of a firm’s business. Overall, our findings provide evidence that firms must have IC personnel with sufficient accounting expertise for sustainable management.

Work Zone Optimization for Two-Lane Highway Resurfacing Projects with an Alternate Route

2005 ◽  
Vol 1911 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Hung (Peter) Chen ◽  
Paul Schonfeld ◽  
Jawad Paracha
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Annealing ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Agency Cost ◽  
Work Zone ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
User Cost ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Delay Cost ◽  
Alternate Routes

Pavements on two-lane two-way highways are usually resurfaced by closing one lane at a time. Vehicles then travel in the remaining lane along the work zone, alternating directions within each control cycle. In an earlier work, Chen and Schonfeld developed a work zone optimization model for two-lane highways with time-dependent inflows and no detours, based on simulated annealing. In this paper, several alternatives are evaluated, defined by the number of closed lanes and fractions of traffic diverted to alternate routes. The algorithm referred to as SAUASD (simulated annealing for uniform alternatives with a single detour) is developed to find the best single alternative within a resurfacing project. The algorithm referred to as SAMASD (simulated annealing for mixed alternatives with a single detour) is developed to search through possible mixed alternatives and their diverted fractions, to minimize total cost, further including agency cost (resurfacing cost and idling cost) and user cost (user delay cost and accident cost). Thus, traffic management plans are developed with uniform or mixed alternatives within a two-lane highway resurfacing project.

scholarly journals Analisis Pengaruh Efisiensi dan Efektivitas Penggunaan Modal Kerja Perusahaan terhadap Peningkatan Profitabilitas Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 22-35
Author(s):  
Dasep Suryanto
Keyword(s):  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Secondary Data Sources ◽  
Positive Effect

Analysis of the Effect of Efficiency and Effectiveness of Working Capital Use on Increasing the Profitability of Manufacturing Companies Listed on the IDX, with a supervisor Mr. Adriansyah, SE., M.Sc. The object of this study is 46 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data collection method uses the documentation method with secondary data sources in the form of company financial statement data for 5 years, from 2013 to 2017. The analytical method used is quantitative analysis, which uses multiple linear regression analysis and uses the tools of the computer statistical product program and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 20. From this study it can be seen that the efficiency and effectiveness of working capital have a significant positive effect on increasing profitability (ROI) of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX).

The Negative Performance Implications of Industry Dynamism on Organizational Knowledge

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Bloodgood
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Organizational Knowledge ◽  
Organizational Efficiency ◽  
Knowledge Use ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Use Of Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

Organizational knowledge is a key component of organizational efficiency and effectiveness, and ultimately success. The use of organizational knowledge is not always a conscious endeavor, and this can lead to the use of knowledge at inappropriate times or in inappropriate ways, particularly under changing conditions. To investigate the potential for ineffectual knowledge use, this study examines how organizational knowledge influences organizational performance when there is a high degree of industry dynamism. Using a sample of 105 U.S. firms from 46 industries, this study finds that industry dynamism moderates the relationship between organizational knowledge and organizational performance. Specifically, higher levels of dynamism weaken the positive effect of organizational knowledge on organizational performance. Implications for researchers and practitioners of this finding are discussed.

scholarly journals Aggregate Effects from Public Works: Evidence from India

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
C. Justin Cook ◽  
Manisha Shah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Effects ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Rural Employment ◽  
District Change ◽  
Employment Guarantee ◽  
Employment Guarantee Scheme ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Robust Evidence

This paper explores the aggregate economic effects from India's National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS), which provides up to 100 days of labor to rural laborers at the mandated minimum wage. We examine the within-district change to night-time lights and banking deposits using the staggered program rollout for identification. We find consistent and robust evidence that NREGS increased aggregate economic output by 1-2% per capita measured by night-time lights. This effect, however, is not equal across districts. We observe no positive effect of the program in poorer districts, illuminating an important source of heterogeneity.

Examining the effect of personality traits on workplace spirituality

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1005-1017
Author(s):  
Hasan Tutar ◽  
Emre Oruç
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Workplace Spirituality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Negative Behaviors ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between five-factor personality traits and workplace spirituality. Design/methodology/approach The research design of the study is prediction design, one of the quantitative research designs. The participants included 408 people working in a public university in Turkey as an academic or administrative staff. Five-factor personality traits and workplace spirituality scales were used to collect data. Findings Extraversion and conscientiousness have a positive effect on workplace spirituality. Openness, agreeableness and neuroticism have no significant effect on workplace spirituality. Research limitations/implications This study is limited to the relationship between “five-factor personality traits” and “workplace spirituality”. As the participants of the study were chosen among those who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study, the generalizability of the results is limited. The results are limited to explaining the questions such as “what”, “how much” and “who”. Practical implications The conclusions of the study are important in terms of showing the managers that everyone cannot be motivated and satisfied by the same motivators and therefore her or his perception of workplace spirituality will not be the same. Managers can improve organizational efficiency and effectiveness by raising employees’ workplace spirituality. It shows that employees attach importance to workplace spirituality, especially since Turkish culture has a conservative structure. In this way, motivation and job satisfaction of employees will increase and negative behaviors in the organization will decrease. Originality/value It can be argued that this study makes a significant theoretical contribution to research on the effect of workplace spirituality on the employee.

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