scholarly journals Enriching Existing 3D Pavement Condition Survey Datasets to Support Paving Project Cost Estimates, Project Planning, Designs, and Automated Machine Guidance

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110642
Author(s):  
Richard Fox-Ivey ◽  
John Laurent ◽  
Benoit Petitclerc
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Pavement Management ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Pavement Condition ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Laser Systems

State departments of transportation (DOTs) typically perform annual pavement condition inspections, which serve as an important input into pavement management systems (PMS) software. Road surface defects (cracking, rutting, smoothness, etc.) are analyzed by PMS software to model the deterioration of pavements and to make budget and performance-based recommendations about which roads to maintain and how and when to maintain them. Increasingly at the state DOT level, these data are captured using high-speed 3D lasers (laser triangulation systems) that acquire the 3D shape of the road surface to evaluate its condition. Traditionally the capture of road elevation data relied entirely on the use of survey crews. Although accuracy can be quite high, the process of capturing elevations can require a lot of manpower, is time-consuming, requires lane closures, and results in a relatively small number of points per kilometer of road with which to perform all of the tasks from early project planning through construction. This paper explores an alternate approach that leverages existing 3D laser technology utilized by DOTs to measure the condition of in-service pavements. Typically, these laser systems capture “relatively referenced” 3D profiles of the roadway to evaluate pavement condition based on surface distortion. However, there is often no connection between these “relative” 3D profiles and real-world locations. This new approach involves the addition of high-accuracy blended global navigation satellite system + inertial navigation system positioning systems, as well as specialized software, to map the absolute position of 3D profiles in real-world coordinates.

scholarly journals Multi-fidelity black-box optimization for time-optimal quadrotor maneuvers

2021 ◽  
pp. 027836492110333
Author(s):  
Gilhyun Ryou ◽  
Ezra Tal ◽  
Sertac Karaman
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Analytical Approximation ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Bayesian Optimization ◽  
Optimization Framework ◽  
Quadrotor Aircraft ◽  
Time Optimal ◽  
Feasibility Constraints ◽  
Generation Problem

We consider the problem of generating a time-optimal quadrotor trajectory for highly maneuverable vehicles, such as quadrotor aircraft. The problem is challenging because the optimal trajectory is located on the boundary of the set of dynamically feasible trajectories. This boundary is hard to model as it involves limitations of the entire system, including complex aerodynamic and electromechanical phenomena, in agile high-speed flight. In this work, we propose a multi-fidelity Bayesian optimization framework that models the feasibility constraints based on analytical approximation, numerical simulation, and real-world flight experiments. By combining evaluations at different fidelities, trajectory time is optimized while the number of costly flight experiments is kept to a minimum. The algorithm is thoroughly evaluated for the trajectory generation problem in two different scenarios: (1) connecting predetermined waypoints; (2) planning in obstacle-rich environments. For each scenario, we conduct both simulation and real-world flight experiments at speeds up to 11 m/s. Resulting trajectories were found to be significantly faster than those obtained through minimum-snap trajectory planning.

Design and Implementation of the Cold-Rolled Aluminum Plate Surface On-Line Defect Detection System

2013 ◽  
Vol 712-715 ◽  
pp. 2323-2326
Author(s):  
Xing Guang Qi ◽  
Hai Lun Zhang ◽  
Xiao Ting Li
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Aluminum Plate ◽  
Gigabit Ethernet ◽  
Accurate Detection ◽  
High Processing Speed ◽  
Rolled Aluminum ◽  
On Line ◽  
Cold Rolled

This paper presents an on-line surface defects detection system based on machine vision, which has high speed architecture and can perform high accurate detection for cold-rolled aluminum plate. The system consists of high speed camera and industrial personal computer (IPC) array which connected through Gigabit Ethernet, achieved seamless detection by redundant control. In order to acquire high processing speed, single IPC as processor receives from and deals with only one or two cameras' image. Experimental results show that the system with high accurate detection capability can satisfy the requirement of real time detection and find out the defects on the production line effectively.

INVESTIGATION OF THE ABSOLUTENESS OF TIME

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
S. Tiguntsev
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Gravitational Potential ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Relativistic Effect ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Clock Frequency ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Flow Of Time ◽  
The Difference

In classical physics, time is considered absolute. It is believed that all processes, regardless of their complexity, do not affect the flow of time The theory of relativity determines that the flow of time for bodies depends both on the speed of movement of bodies and on the magnitude of the gravitational potential. It is believed that time in space orbit passes slower due to the high speed of the spacecraft, and faster due to the lower gravitational potential than on the surface of the Earth. Currently, the dependence of time on the magnitude of the gravitational potential and velocity (relativistic effect) is taken into account in global positioning systems. However, studying the relativistic effect, scientists have made a wrong interpretation of the difference between the clock frequency of an orbiting satellite and the clock frequency on the Earth's surface. All further studies to explain the relativistic effect were carried out according to a similar scenario, that is, only the difference in clock frequencies under conditions of different gravitational potentials was investigated. While conducting theoretical research, I found that the frequency of the signal changes along the way from the satellite to the receiver due to the influence of Earth's gravity. It was found that the readings of two high-precision clocks located at different heights will not differ after any period of time, that is, it is shown that the flow of time does not depend on the gravitational potential. It is proposed to conduct full-scale experiments, during which some high-precision clocks are sent aboard the space station, while others remain in the laboratory on the surface of the earth. It is expected that the readings of the satellite clock will be absolutely identical to the readings of the clock in the Earth laboratory.

Within-Subject Correlation Between Salivary IgA and Measures of Training Load in Elite Football Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 847-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Figueiredo ◽  
George P. Nassis ◽  
João Brito
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
External Training ◽  
Salivary Secretory Immunoglobulin A

Purpose: To quantify the association between salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and training load in elite football players. Methods: Data were obtained on 4 consecutive days during the preparation camp for the Rio 2016 Olympic Games. Saliva samples of 18 elite male football players were collected prior to breakfast. The session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE) and external training-load metrics from global positioning systems (GPS) were recorded. Within-subject correlation coefficients between training load and sIgA concentration, and magnitude of relationships, were calculated. Results: sIgA presented moderate to large negative correlations with s-RPE (r = −.39), total distance covered (r = −.55), accelerations (r = −.52), and decelerations (r = −.48). Trivial to small associations were detected between sIgA and distance covered per minute (r = .01), high-speed distance (r = −.23), and number of sprints (r = −.18). sIgA displayed a likely moderate decrease from day 1 to day 2 (d = −0.7) but increased on day 3 (d = 0.6). The training-load variables had moderate to very large rises from day 1 to day 2 (d = 0.7 to 3.2) but lowered from day 2 to day 3 (d = −5.0 to −0.4), except for distance per minute (d = 0.8) and sprints (unclear). On day 3, all training-load variables had small to large increments compared with day 1 (d = 0.4 to 1.5), except for accelerations (d = −0.8) and decelerations (unclear). Conclusions: In elite football, sIgA might be more responsive to training volume than to intensity. External load such as GPS-derived variables presented stronger association with sIgA than with s-RPE. sIgA can be used as an additional objective tool in monitoring football players.

scholarly journals Penilaian Kondisi Jalan Poros Sabbang Selatan Menggunakan Metode Surface Distress Index

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Dewi Artika Sari ◽  
Afdal Kisman
Keyword(s):  
Surface Damage ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Pavement Condition ◽  
Surface Conditions ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Surface Distress ◽  
Left Section ◽  
The Right ◽  
Initial Research

Prasarana jalan jika terbebani volume lalu lintas yang tinggi dan berulang-ulang akan menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan kualitas jalan sehingga dapat mempengaruhi keamanan, kenyamanan dan kelancaran dalam berlalu lintas. Untuk menjaga agar tidak terjadi penurunan kondisi khususnya pada jalan poros Kecamatan Sabbang Selatan Kabupaten Luwu Utara tepatnya di jalan Padang Sarre, Buntu Terpedo sampai jalan Dandang sepanjang 4 km perlu adanya penanganan. Maka perlu dilakukan penelitian awal terhadap kondisi permukaan jalan dengan melakukan survei secara visual dengan cara menganalisa kerusakan berdasarkan jenis dantingkat kerusakannya. Tujuan penelitian yaitu menilai kondisi perkerasan danpenanganan sesuai kondisi permukaan jalan. Penelitian ini menggunakan system penilaian kondisi perkerasan menurut Bina Marga dengan perhitungan Surface Distress Index (SDI) untuk jalan beraspal. Dari hasil penelitian di dapatkan penilaian untuk jenis kerusakan permukaan jalan pada ruas kanan yaitu retak pinggir 1,183%, lubang 0,031%, amblas 0,054%, retak kulit buaya 3,271%, retak kotak-kotak 3,222%, tambalan 0,033% dan pengelupasan butir 0,013%. Sedangkan untuk ruas kiri yaitu retak pinggir 0,035%, lubang 0,051%, amblas 0,000%, retak kulit buaya 0,130%, retak kotak-kotak 2,351%, tambalan 0,000% dan pengelupasan butir 0,150%. Kondisi perkerasan jalan yang menjadi objek penelitian sepanjang 4 km yaitu 85% baik, 0% sedang, 15% rusak ringan, 0% rusakberat.Road infrastructure if it is burdened by high and repetitive traffic volumes will cause a decrease in road quality so that it can affect safety, comfort and smoothness in traffic. To prevent deterioration in conditions, especially on the axis road of South Sabbang District, North Luwu Regency, precisely on Padang Sarre road, Buntu Terpedo to Dandang road along 4 km, it needs handling. So it is necessary to conduct an initial research on road surface conditions by conducting a visual survey by analyzing the damage based on the type and level of damage. The research objective was to assess pavement conditions and handling according to road surface conditions. This study uses a pavement condition assessment system according to Bina Marga with the calculation of the Surface Distress Index (SDI) for asphalt roads. From the research results obtained an assessment for the type of road surface damage on the right side, namely edge cracks 1.183%, holes 0.031%, collapse 0.054%, crocodile skin cracks 3.271%, checkered cracks 3.222%, 0.033% patches and 0.013% peeling grains. Whereas for the left section, the edges cracked 0.035%, holes 0.051%, collapsed 0.000%, crocodile skin cracks 0.130%, checkered cracks 2.351%, fillings 0.000% and peeling 0.150%. The condition of the pavement which is the object of the research along 4 km is 85% good, 0% moderate, 15% lightly damaged, 0% heavily damaged.

scholarly journals Proposal and Implementation of a Heliport Pavement Management System: Technical and Economic Comparison of Maintenance Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Di Mascio ◽  
Alessio Antonini ◽  
Piero Narciso ◽  
Antonio Greto ◽  
Marco Cipriani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Pavement Management ◽  
Pavement Management System ◽  
Pavement Condition ◽  
Airport Pavement ◽  
Maintenance And Rehabilitation ◽  
Pavement Condition Index ◽  
Rotary Wing ◽  
Economic Comparison

Maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) scheduling for airport pavement is supported by the scientific literature, while a specific tool for heliport pavements lacks. A heliport pavement management system (HPMS) allows the infrastructure manager to obtain benefits in technical and economic terms, as well as safety and efficiency, during the analyzed period. Structure and rationale of the APSM could be replicated and simplified to implement a HPMS because movements of rotary-wing aircrafts have less complexity than fixed-wing ones and have lower mechanical effects on the pavement. In this study, an innovative pavement condition index-based HPMS has been proposed and implemented to rigid and flexible surfaces of the airport of Vergiate (province of Varese, Italy), and two twenty-year M&R plans have been developed, where the results from reactive and proactive approaches have been compared to identify the best strategy in terms of costs and pavement level of service. The result obtained shows that although the loads and traffic of rotary-wing aircrafts are limited, the adoption of PMS is also necessary in the heliport environment.

scholarly journals STUDI KERUSAKAN JALAN DITINJAU DARI FAKTOR SETEMPAT (STUDI KASUS RUAS JALAN BLANGKEJEREN – LAWE AUNAN)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-678
Author(s):  
Mulyadi Mulyadi ◽  
Muhammad Isya ◽  
Sofyan M. Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Pavement Condition ◽  
Local Factors ◽  
The Road ◽  
Pavement Condition Index ◽  
On The Road

Abstract: Blangkejeren - Lawe Aunan road conditions overall is on the slopes of the mountains which is strongly influenced by local environmental factors such as drainage, topography, soil conditions, material conditions and vehicle load conditions across the road. It should be noted in order to avoid a decrease in the road quality due to road surface damage that can affect the traffic safety, comfort and smoothness.. Therefore, it is necessary to study the evaluation of the condition of the damaged road surface and the local factors that affect the damage in order to avoid a decrease in the roads quality. This study took place on Blangkejeren - Lawe Aunan roads started from Sta. 529 + 700 - Sta. 535 + 206. Generally, the condition of roads in this segment were found damage that disturb the comfort, smoothness and safety of the roads users. In this study, the primary data obtained by actual surveys in the form of data field length, width, area, and depth of each type of damage as well as local factors that lead to such damage. Actual field surveys conducted along the 5.506 km, with the distance interval of each segment is 100 m. The secondary data obtained from the relevant institutions and other materials related to this research. This study analyzed the PCI method (Pavement Condition Index) to obtain the level of damage in order to know how to handle, while for the identification of the damage done by observation factors descriptively appropriate observation in the field such as the number of damage points. The results of this study found that the type of damage caused to roads is damage to the cover layer, a hole, and curly. This type of damage that commonly occurs on the road Blangkejeren - Lawe Aunan is damage to the edges with a percentage of 87.30%. The local factors that greatly affect drainage on the percentage of damage is 62.00%. PCI average value is 13.47 which indicates a very bad condition (very poor) and requires maintenance or improvement of reconstruction.Abstrak: Kondisi jalan Blangkejeren – Lawe Aunan secara keseluruhan berada di lereng pegunungan sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan setempat seperti drainase, topografi, kondisi tanah, kondisi material dan kondisi beban kendaraan yang melintasi jalan tersebut. Hal ini perlu diperhatikan agar tidak terjadi penurunan kualitas jalan akibat kerusakan permukaan jalan sehingga dapat mempengaruhi keamanan, kenyamanan, dan kelancaran dalam berlalu lintas. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian evaluasi terhadap kondisi permukaan jalan yang mengalami kerusakan serta faktor setempat yang mempengaruhi kerusakan tersebut agar tidak terjadi penurunan kualitas jalan. Penelitian ini mengambil lokasi di ruas jalan Blangkejeren – Lawe Aunan yang dimulai dari Sta. 529+700 - Sta. 535+206. Umumnya kondisi ruas jalan pada segmen ini banyak ditemukan kerusakan-kerusakan yang dapat mengganggu kenyamanan, kelancaran, dan keamanan pengguna jalan. Dalam penelitian ini data primer diperoleh dengan melakukan survei aktual lapangan yaitu berupa data panjang, lebar, luasan, dan kedalaman tiap jenis kerusakan serta faktor setempat yang mengakibatkan kerusakan tersebut. Survei aktual lapangan dilakukan sepanjang 5,506 km, dengan jarak interval setiap segmen adalah 100 m. Adapun data sekunder diperoleh dari lembaga terkait dan bahan lainnya yang berhubungan dengan penelitian ini. Penelitian ini dianalisis dengan metode PCI (Pavement Condition Index) untuk mendapatkan tingkat kerusakan agar diketahui cara penanganannya, sedangkan untuk identifikasi faktor kerusakannya dilakukan dengan pengamatan secara diskriptif sesuai hasil pengamatan di lapangan berupa jumlah titik kerusakan. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa jenis kerusakan yang terjadi pada ruas jalan adalah kerusakan lapisan penutup, lubang, dan keriting. Jenis kerusakan yang umum terjadi pada ruas jalan Blangkejeren – Lawe Aunan adalah kerusakan tepi dengan persentase 87,30 %. Faktor setempat yang sangat mempengaruhi kerusakan adalah drainase dengan persentase 62,00%. Nilai PCI rata-rata yaitu 13,47 yang menunjukkan kondisi sangat buruk (very poor) dan memerlukan pemeliharaan peningkatan atau rekonstruksi.

GPS Analysis of an International Field Hockey Tournament

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Jennings ◽  
Stuart J. Cormack ◽  
Aaron J. Coutts ◽  
Robert J. Aughey
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Field Hockey ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Large Margin ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Percent Difference ◽  
World Class ◽  
Multiple Games

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of multiple games on exercise intensity during a world-class hockey tournament.Methods:15 players (mean ± SD age 27 ± 4 y, stature 179 ± 5 cm, body mass 77 ± 5 kg, and estimated VO2 64.2 ± 3.1 mL · kg−1 · min−1) competing in the Champions Trophy (CT). Global-positioning systems assessed total distance (TD), low-speed activity (LSA; 0.10–4.17 m/s), and high-speed running (HSR; >4.17 m/s) distance. Differences in movement demands (TD, LSA, HSR) between positions and matches were assessed using the effect size and percent difference ± 90% confidence intervals. Two levels of comparison were made. First, data from subsequent matches were compared with match 1, and, second, data from each match compared with a tournament average (TA).Results:In all matches, compared with game 1, midfielders performed less HSR distance. However, the amount of HSR did not decrease as the tournament progressed. When compared with the TA, defenders showed more variation in each match. All positions showed lower movement outputs when the team won by a large margin.Conclusions:It was possible for elite team-sport athletes to maintain exercise intensity when playing 6 matches in a period of 9 days, contrary to the only other investigation of this in elite male field hockey.

Pavement Management Systems: Past, Present, and Future

2003 ◽  
Vol 1853 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram B. Kulkarni ◽  
Richard W. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Performance Prediction ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Pavement Management ◽  
Pavement Performance ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Seamless Integration ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Pavement Management Systems ◽  
Transportation Organization ◽  
Pavement Performance Prediction

The progress made over the past three decades in the key elements of pavement management systems was evaluated, and the significant improvements expected over the next 10 years were projected. Eight specific elements of a pavement management system were addressed: functions, data collection and management, pavement performance prediction, economic analysis, priority evaluation, optimization, institutional issues, and information technology. Among the significant improvements expected in pavement management systems in the next decade are improved linkage among, and better access to, databases; systematic updating of pavement performance prediction models by using data from ongoing pavement condition surveys; seamless integration of the multiple management systems of interest to a transportation organization; greater use of geographic information and Global Positioning Systems; increasing use of imaging and scanning and automatic interpretation technologies; and extensive use of formal optimization methods to make the best use of limited resources.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document