Descriptive Characteristics of Concussions in National Football League Games, 2010-2011 to 2013-2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 929-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Clark ◽  
Breton M. Asken ◽  
Stephen W. Marshall ◽  
Kevin M. Guskiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Descriptive Epidemiology ◽  
Epidemiology Study ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Impact Location ◽  
Tests Of Association ◽  
Biomechanical Features ◽  
The Impact

Background: Despite a high reported incidence rate of concussion, little is known about the on-field characteristics of injurious head impacts in National Football League (NFL) games. Purpose: To characterize on-field features (location, player position, and time during game) and biomechanical features (anticipation status, closing distance, impact location and type) associated with concussions in NFL games over a 4-season period (2010-2011 to 2013-2014). Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: We analyzed video of a subset of reported, in-game concussions for the 2010-2011 to 2013-2014 seasons. These videos represented a sample of injuries that were diagnosed and reported on the same day and that could be clearly associated with an in-game collision as captured on video. We determined anticipation status, closing distance, impact location on the injured player’s helmet, and impact type (helmet-to-helmet, helmet-to-body, or helmet-to-ground). Associations between these variables were analyzed by use of descriptive statistics and tests of association. Results: A total of 871 diagnosed concussions were reported as occurring during NFL preseason, regular season, and postseason games for the 2010-2011, 2011-2012, 2012-2013, and 2013-2014 seasons. A total of 1324 games were played during this period, giving a concussion incidence rate of 0.658 per game (95% CI, 0.61-0.70). From the video-reviewed subset (n = 429; 49.3%), the majority of injurious impacts occurred with good anticipation (57.3%) and <10 yards of closing distance (59.0%). An association was found between anticipation status and play type ([Formula: see text] = 27.398, P < .001), largely because injuries occurring on pass plays were more likely to be poorly anticipated than injuries during run plays (43.0% vs 21.4%; [Formula: see text] = 14.78, P < .001). Kick returns had the greatest proportion of well-anticipated impacts (78%) and the greatest proportion of impacts with ≥10 yards of closing distance (80%). The type of impact was approximately equally divided between helmet-to-helmet, helmet-to-body, and helmet-to-ground types. The impact location was broadly distributed over the helmet of the injured player. Conclusion: In-game concussions in the NFL occurred through a diverse variety of mechanisms, surprisingly tended to be well-anticipated, and, also surprisingly, occurred with <10 yards of closing distance. The impacts causing concussion were broadly distributed over the helmet. More concussions occurred during the second half of game play, but we do not have evidence to explain this finding.

scholarly journals Effects of Game Characteristics and Player Positions on Concussion Incidence and Severity in Professional Football

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 232596711881544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer B. Dai ◽  
Adam Y. Li ◽  
Syed F. Haider ◽  
Raechel Tomaselli ◽  
Alex Gometz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Football League ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Descriptive Epidemiology ◽  
Epidemiology Study ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Correlation Tests ◽  
Player Positions

Background: Increasing efforts have been made to reduce the incidence and severity of concussion in high-contact sports. Despite these efforts, a relative lack of knowledge is available regarding modulating factors affecting concussion injury. Purpose: To analyze the potential influence of game characteristics and outcomes on concussion incidence and severity in professional football. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: PBS Frontline Concussion Watch was used to collect concussion injury data from regular-season games of 32 National Football League (NFL) teams from 2012 to 2015. Game characteristic variables such as rushing and passing attempts, turnovers, and margin of victory were collected from ESPN. Analysis included descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, t tests, and correlation tests. Results: Away teams demonstrated a significantly greater concussion incidence per game than home teams. Losing teams had a significantly greater concussion incidence per game than winning teams. Being both the away team and the losing team appeared to have an additive effect. The home-versus-away and win-versus-loss effects were significant for offensive but not defensive positions. Within individual positions, significantly greater concussion incidence was associated with tight ends, running backs, wide receivers, and cornerbacks. When running versus passing positions were compared, passing positions (wide receiver, tight end, cornerback, safety) had significantly greater concussion incidence. A total of 626 games were missed as a result of reported concussions. Away teams had significantly more games missed due to concussion when they lost. Play time did not significantly differ before or after concussion injury. Other game characteristic variables did not significantly affect concussion frequency or intensity. Conclusion: Position, game location, and game outcome affect concussion incidence for professional football players. In a subset of analyses, the number of games missed aligned with concussion incidence, but this appeared to be an imperfect measure. These findings highlight new factors that may modulate concussion incidence and merit further study on how they may influence concussion evaluation.

scholarly journals Sport Injuries in Elite Paralympic Swimmers With Visual Impairment

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilia Magno e Silva ◽  
James Bilzon ◽  
Edison Duarte ◽  
Jose Gorla ◽  
Roberto Vital
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Overuse Injuries ◽  
Descriptive Epidemiology ◽  
Epidemiology Study ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Standardized Report

Context: Visually impaired athletes sustain overuse injuries in the lower limbs, but the pattern of injuries may vary according to the sport. The characteristics of sports injuries in visually impaired swimmers are unknown. Objective: To determine the characteristics and epidemiologic measures (prevalence, clinical incidence, and incidence rate) of sports injuries in visually impaired elite national swimmers and to assess differences among visual classes and between sexes. Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting: International Paralympic competitions held between 2004 and 2008. Patients or Other Participants: Twenty-eight elite, visually impaired swimmers (19 males, 9 females) from the Brazilian Paralympic Team participated in this study. Twelve were visual class S11 (blind swimmers), 12 were S12 (low-vision swimmers), and 4 were S13 (low-vision swimmers). Intervention(s): A standardized report form was used to collect data during 5 competitions. This was endorsed by 2 Brazilian sports governing bodies. Main Outcome Measures: The characteristics, prevalence, clinical incidence, and incidence rate of injuries were calculated. Results: Eighteen athletes reported 41 sports injuries, with a prevalence of 64%, clinical incidence of 1.5 injuries per athlete, and an incidence rate of 0.3 injuries per athlete per competition. Overuse injuries (80%) were more frequent than traumatic injuries (20%). The clinical incidence and prevalence varied according to sex and visual class, but no statistical differences were observed (P &gt; .05). The highest proportion of injuries was in the trunk (46.34%), followed by the upper limbs (34.15%). The shoulders (29.27%) were most affected, followed by the thoracic (21.95%) and lumbar spine (17.07%). Spasm (36.59%) was the most frequent diagnosis, followed by tendinopathy (26.83%). Conclusions: Visually impaired swimmers had a relatively high proportion of overuse injuries, predominantly associated with muscle spasm in the spine and tendinopathy in the shoulders. No differences were apparent in injury prevalence and clinical incidence among visual classes or between sexes.

Dynamic Comparison of the Fruit Sector and the Pollution Associated to Agriculture

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2776-2780
Author(s):  
Valentina Constanta Tudor ◽  
Ionela Mituko Vlad ◽  
Diana Zamfir Vasca
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
The Public ◽  
Perennial Plants ◽  
National Statistics ◽  
The Impact

Pollution in agriculture plays a major role. One of the sector affected by this phenomenon is the perennial plants, such as fruits sector. This sector is an important part of agricultural production in Romania, mainly because of the areas that have been dedicated; that is why the sector should be reconsidered because it could be one of the engines of the agriculture. This have to led to important efforts and increased attention in managing the opportunities offered by the development of the associations and producer groups involved. The present paper aims to address certain aspects of the national, macro-regional and European aspects of these fruits productions and the impact of the degree of pollution in agriculture. In this respect, data derived from the public databases dedicated to this field, namely Eurostat, the National Statistics Institute, DG Agriculture / FADN database and the Ministry of Agriculture, were used. The methods used to analyze and interpret the results are descriptive statistics, dynamics and comparisons between target areas and indicators. The results highlighted in the first part of the paper the Romania�s position upon the European average in what concern the fruit sector but also upon a competing country on the fruit market, Poland, which is considered to have a European top position.

Glucose Levels and Outcome After Primary Intraventricular Hemorrhage

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Rui Guo ◽  
Ruiqi Chen ◽  
Chao You ◽  
Lu Ma ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
The Impact

Background and Purpose: Hyperglycemia is reported to be associated with poor outcome in patients with spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH), but the association between blood glucose level and outcomes in Primary Intraventricular Hemorrhage (PIVH) remains unclear. We sought to identify the parameters associated with admission hyperglycemia and analyze the impact of hyperglycemia on clinical outcome in patients with PIVH. Methods: Patients admitted to Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital with PIVH between 2010 and 2016 were retrospectively included in our study. Clinical, radiographic, and laboratory data were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent predictors of poor outcomes. Results: One hundred and seventy patients were included in the analysis. Mean admission blood glucose level was 7.78±2.73 mmol/L and 10 patients (5.9%) had a history of diabetes mellitus. History of diabetes mellitus (P = 0.01; Odds Ratio [OR], 9.10; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 1.64 to 50.54) was independent predictor of admission critical hyperglycemia defined at 8.17 mmol/L. Patients with admission critical hyperglycemia poorer outcome at discharge (P < 0.001) and 90 days (P < 0.001). After adjustment, admission blood glucose was significantly associated with discharge (P = 0.01; OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.59) and 90-day poor outcomes (P = 0.03; OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.58), as well as mortality at 90 days (P = 0.005; OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.78). In addition, admission critical hyperglycemia showed significantly increased the incidence rate of pneumonia in PIVH (P = 0.02; OR, 6.04; 95% CI 1.27 to 28.80) even after adjusting for the confounders. Conclusion: Admission blood glucose after PIVH is associated with discharge and 90-day poor outcomes, as well as mortality at 90 days. Admission hyperglycemia significantly increases the incidence rate of pneumonia in PIVH.

scholarly journals Compulsive Buying in Adolescents. The Impact of Gender and Alcohol and Cannabis Use

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3982
Author(s):  
Gloria Pérez de Albéniz-Garrote ◽  
Maria Begoña Medina-Gómez ◽  
Cristina Buedo-Guirado
Keyword(s):  
Compulsive Buying ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Higher Alcohol ◽  
Random Cluster ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Buying In

The purpose of this study to analyse whether compulsive buying in teenagers is related to gender and alcohol and cannabis use in a sample of 573 students aged 14–17 from secondary education schools in Burgos (Spain) (M = 15.65; SD = 1.04). Random cluster sampling was performed to select the sample. The Compulsive Buying Questionnaire was used together with two extra promts: ‘Indicate how much alcohol you consume’ and ‘Indicate how much cannabis you take’. Descriptive statistics were used in data analysis, while MANOVA was used to study gender differences in alcohol and cannabis use, compulsive buying and their interaction. The results show higher scores for female compulsive buyers than for men, higher scores for alcohol and cannabis users’ compulsive buying than for non-users, respectively, and higher scores for female users than for male users. A certain interaction was also observed between alcohol and cannabis use. A higher alcohol consumption entailed a higher score in compulsive buying, with cannabis users who did not consume alcohol obtaining the highest scores. Thus, prevention programmes should consider teenagers’ gender and the risk of taking toxic substances.

scholarly journals Numerical Investigation on the Ultimate Strength of Box Beams with Impact Damage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xu ◽  
C. Guedes Soares
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Ultimate Strength ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Ship Hulls ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Impact Location ◽  
Box Beam ◽  
Box Beams ◽  
Fracture Damage ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to study the residual ultimate strength of box beams with impact-induced damage, as a model of what may occur in ship hulls. The bottom and side plates of ship hulls can suffer denting or fracture damage due to grounding, collision and other contacts during the ship’s service life and these impact-induced damages could result in considerable strength degradation. Box beams are firstly subjected to impact loading and then four-point bending loading is imposed on the damaged structures to assess the residual strength using ANSYS/LS_DYNA. The ultimate moment and collapse modes are discussed considering the effect of impact location. The impact-induced deformation is introduced in the four-point bending simulation, and the impact-induced stress is included or not to determine the effect of residual stress and distortion after impact. It is shown that impact location has significant influence on the residual ultimate bending moment of the damaged box beam providing that the impact energy is kept constant. The collapse modes also change when the impactor strikes on different locations. Damaged hard corner and inclined neutral axes might explain the reduction of ultimate strength and diverse collapse modes. The residual stress in the box beam after impact may increase or decrease the ultimate strength depending on impact location.

scholarly journals COVID-19 among the inhabitants of the slums in the city of Buenos Aires: a population-based study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e044592
Author(s):  
Alejandro Macchia ◽  
Daniel Ferrante ◽  
Gabriel Battistella ◽  
Javier Mariani ◽  
Fernán González Bernaldo de Quirós
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Health Reporting ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
Integrated Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

ObjectiveTo summarise the unfolding of the COVID-19 epidemic among slum dwellers and different social strata in the city of Buenos Aires during the first 20 weeks after the first reported case.DesignObservational study using a time-series analysis. Natural experiment in a big city.SettingPopulation of the city of Buenos Aires and the integrated health reporting system records of positive RT-PCR for COVID-19 tests.ParticipantsRecords from the Argentine Integrated Health Reporting System for all persons with suspected and RT-PCR-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 between 31 January and 14 July 2020.OutcomesTo estimate the effects of living in a slum on the standardised incidence rate of COVID-19, corrected Poisson regression models were used. Additionally, the impact of socioeconomic status was performed using an ecological analysis at the community level.ResultsA total of 114 052 people were tested for symptoms related with COVID-19. Of these, 39 039 (34.2%) were RT-PCR positive. The incidence rates for COVID-19 towards the end of the 20th week were 160 (155 to 165) per 100 000 people among the inhabitants who did not reside in the slums (n=2 841 997) and 708 (674 to 642) among slums dwellers (n=233 749). Compared with the better-off socioeconomic quintile (1.00), there was a linear gradient on incidence rates: 1.36 (1.25 to 1.46), 1.61 (1.49 to 1.74), 1.86 (1.72 to 2.01), 2.94 (2.74 to 3.16) from Q2 to Q5, respectively. Slum dwellers were associated with an incidence rate of 14.3 (13.4 to 15.4).ConclusionsThe distribution of the epidemic is socially conditioned. Slum dwellers are at a much higher risk than the rest of the community. Slum dwellers should not be considered just another risk category but an entirely different reality that requires policies tailored to their needs.

scholarly journals High Incidence of Hand Injuries From Blocking in Elite Taekwondo Despite the Use of Protective Gear: A 5-Year Descriptive Epidemiology Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 232596712097399
Author(s):  
Markus Geßlein ◽  
Johannes Rüther ◽  
Michael Millrose ◽  
Hermann Josef Bail ◽  
Robin Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Wrist Injuries ◽  
Descriptive Epidemiology ◽  
Epidemiology Study ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Injury Site ◽  
Protective Gear

Background: Hand and wrist injuries are a common but underestimated issue in taekwondo. Detailed data on injury risk, patterns, and mechanism are missing. Purpose: To evaluate (1) the fight time exposure-adjusted injury incidence rate (IIR) and clinical incidence and (2) injury site, type, sport-specific mechanism, and time loss in taekwondo. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Athletes from a single national Olympic taekwondo training center were investigated prospectively for hand and wrist injuries during training and competition over 5 years. The Orchard Sports Injury Classification System Version 10 was used to classify injury type, and analysis of the anatomic injury site was performed. The mechanism of injury was classified as due to either striking or blocking techniques. Results: From a total of 107 athletes, 79 athletes (73.8%) with a total exposure time of 8495 hours were included in the final data set. During the study period, 75 injuries of the hand and wrist region were recorded despite the athletes using protective hand gear. The IIR was 13.9 (95% CI, 10.5-17.5) and was significantly higher during competition. The clinical incidence as an indicator for risk of injury was 60.7% (95% CI, 50.9-70.5). Finger rays were the most affected location (68%), and fractures (43%) and joint ligament injuries (35%) were the most common type of injury. Significantly more injuries were found on the dominant hand side ( P < .001). Comparison of injury mechanisms demonstrated significantly more injuries at the finger rays deriving from blocking techniques ( P = .0104). The mean time loss for all hand and wrist injuries was 15.7 ± 13.5 days (range, 3-45 days) and was highest for distal radial fractures, with a mean of 39.7 ± 4.8 days (range, 32-45 days). Conclusion: There was a significantly higher IIR for acute hand and wrist injuries in elite taekwondo athletes during competition, which resulted in considerable time loss, especially when fractures or dislocations occurred. Significantly more injuries to the finger rays were found during blocking despite the use of protective hand gear. Improvement of tactical skills and blocking techniques during training and improved protective gear appear to be essential for injury prevention.

scholarly journals Demographics associated with US healthcare disparities are exacerbated by the telemedicine surge during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 1357633X2110259
Author(s):  
Kristin N Gmunder ◽  
Jose W Ruiz ◽  
Dido Franceschi ◽  
Maritza M Suarez
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Healthcare Disparities ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Internal Revenue Service ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Postal Code ◽  
The Us ◽  
Hispanic Patients ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Introduction As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hit the US, there was widespread and urgent implementation of telemedicine programs nationwide without much focus on the impact on patient populations with known existing healthcare disparities. To better understand which populations cannot access telemedicine during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, this study aims to demographically describe and identify the most important demographic predictors of telemedicine visit completion in an urban health system. Methods Patient de-identified demographics and telemedicine visit data ( N = 362,764) between March 1, 2020 and October 31, 2020 were combined with Internal Revenue Service 2018 individual income tax data by postal code. Descriptive statistics and mixed effects logistic regression were used to determine impactful patient predictors of telemedicine completion, while adjusting for clustering at the clinical site level. Results Many patient-specific demographics were found to be significant. Descriptive statistics showed older patients had lower rates of completion ( p < 0.001). Also, Hispanic patients had statistically significant lower rates ( p < 0.001). Overall, minorities (racial, ethnic, and language) had decreased odds ratios of successful telemedicine completion compared to the reference. Discussion While telemedicine use continues to be critical during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, entire populations struggle with access—possibly widening existing disparities. These results contribute large datasets with significant findings to the limited research on telemedicine access and can help guide us in improving telemedicine disparities across our health systems and on a wider scale.

scholarly journals Impact of Each Component of a Ventilator Bundle on Preventing Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia and Lower Respiratory Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s259-s260
Author(s):  
Rafaela Pinho ◽  
Luciana Tanure ◽  
Jussara Pessoa ◽  
Leonardo Santos ◽  
Braulio Couto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Cuff Pressure ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Ventilator Circuit ◽  
Subglottic Secretion ◽  
Subglottic Secretion Drainage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Control Service ◽  
Daily Sedation Interruption

Background: Ventilator-associated lower respiratory infections (LRIs) and pneumonia (VAP) are important healthcare-associated infections and are among the leading causes of death worldwide. Prevention of these infections are often based on care bundles. We investigated the incidence of VAP+LRI and the preventive efficacy of each component of our ventilator bundle. Methods: Our ventilator bundle includes 6 components that are daily checked by an infection control practitioner. These 6 evidence-based practices were implemented in 3 ICUs from a general tertiary-care private hospital in Belo Horizonte City (Brazil): (1) daily oral care with chlorhexidine; (2) elevate the head of the bed to between 30 and 45; (3) avoid scheduled ventilator circuit change; (4) monitor cuff pressure; (5) use subglottic secretion drainage; and (6) daily sedation interruption and daily assessment of readiness to extubate. VAP and ventilator-LRI definitions were obtained from the CDC NHSN. The impact of adherence rate to items in the ventilator bundle (%) on the incidence rate of VAP+LRI was assessed using linear regression and scatterplot analyses. Results: Between January 2018 and April 2019, 1,888 ventilator days were observed in the 3 ICUs, with 42 VAP and LRI events, an overall incidence rate of 22.2 cases per 1,000 ventilator days. After September 2018, the infection control service started a campaign to increase the ventilator bundle compliance (Fig. 1). Adherence rates to all 6 bundle components increased between January–August 2018 and September 2018–April 2019 from 25% to 55% for daily oral care, from 34% to 79% for elevating the head of the bed, 28% to 86% for avoiding scheduled ventilator circuit change, from 32% to 83% for cuff pressure monitoring, from 32% to 83% for subglottic secretion drainage, and from 33% to 85% for daily sedation interruption. PAV and LRI incidence decreased from 41 to 16 in ICU A, from 22 to 14 in ICU B and from 24 to 18 in ICU C. The impact of each bundle component was identified by linear regression, calculating the percentage of PAV+LRI incidence rate that is explained by bundle item adherence (r2) and correlation coefficient (r): daily sedation interruption (r2 = 48%; r = 0.69; P = .004) (Fig. 2), cuff pressure monitorization (r2 = 0.3721; r = 0.61; P = .016), subglottic secretion drainage (r2 = 36%; r = 0.60; P = .017), avoidance of scheduled ventilator circuit change (r2 = 34%; r = 0.58; P = .023), daily oral care (r2 = 25%; r = 0.50; P = .050), and elevate the head of the bed (r2 = 25%; r = 0.48; P = .067). Conclusions: The impact of each bundle component on preventing PAV+LRI was identified by the study. An educational intervention performed by the infection control service increased the adherence to the ventilator bundle, and the PAV and LRI incidence decreased.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document