Influence of Cognitive Performance on Musculoskeletal Injury Risk: A Systematic Review

Background: While a large number of studies have investigated the anatomic, hormonal, and biomechanical risk factors related to musculoskeletal (MSK) injury risk, there is growing evidence to suggest that cognition is an important injury contributor in the athletic population. A systematic review of the available evidence regarding the influence of cognitive performance on MSK injury risk has yet to be published in the sports medicine literature. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to determine the effects of cognition on (1) MSK biomechanics during sports-specific tasks and (2) MSK injury occurrence in the athletic population. It was hypothesized that athletes with lower cognitive performance would demonstrate biomechanical patterns suggestive of MSK injury risk and that injured athletes would perform worse on baseline measures of cognition as compared with their noninjured counterparts. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: PubMed and SPORTDiscus were searched from January 2000 to January 2020. Manual searches were performed on the reference lists of the included studies. A search of the literature was performed for studies published in English that reported MSK biomechanics as a function of cognitive performance and MSK injury occurrence after baseline measures of cognition. Two independent reviewers extracted pertinent study data in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2009 guidelines and assessed study quality using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-sectional Studies from the National Institutes of Health. A meta-analysis was not performed, owing to the heterogeneous nature of the study designs. Results: Ten studies met inclusion criteria: 4 cognition–MSK biomechanics studies and 6 cognition–MSK injury studies. All 4 cognition–MSK biomechanics studies demonstrated that worse performance on measures of cognition was associated with lower extremity MSK biomechanical patterns suggestive of greater risk for MSK injury. The majority of the cognition–MSK injury studies demonstrated that injured athletes significantly differed on baseline cognition measures versus matched controls or that cognitive performance was a significant predictor for subsequent MSK injury. Conclusion: Although the literature exploring cognitive contributions to MSK injury risk is still in its infancy, it is suggested that sports medicine personnel conduct baseline assessments of cognition—in particular, reaction time and working memory—to identify which athletes may be at elevated risk for future MSK injury.

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Musculoskeletal Injury Risk After Sport-Related Concussion: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

The American Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/0363546518785901 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 47 (7) ◽

pp. 1754-1762 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

April L. McPherson ◽

Takashi Nagai ◽

Kate E. Webster ◽

Timothy E. Hewett

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Injury Risk ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Return To Sport ◽

Physical Symptoms ◽

Primary Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk

Background: Clinical management of sport-related concussion typically involves a symptom checklist, clinical examination of mental status, and neurocognitive testing. However, recent studies have identified unresolved, impaired sensorimotor function after athletes return to sport. A review and meta-analysis of all current literature regarding risk of subsequent musculoskeletal (MSK) injury after concussion has yet to be published in the medical literature. Purpose/Hypothesis: To determine the odds that athletes will sustain MSK injury after concussion. It was hypothesized a priori that concussion would increase the risk for MSK injury. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar were searched from January 2000 to November 2017. Reference lists of the included studies were manually searched. Two reviewers independently searched the literature for studies published in English that reported MSK injury after athletes returned to play following a concussion. Two independent reviewers completed data extraction using PRISMA guidelines and assessed study quality using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies from the National Institutes of Health. Random effects meta-analyses were used to calculate odds ratio (OR) and incidence rate ratio (IRR) of MSK injury after concussion. The primary study outcome of interest was the number of athletes who sustained MSK injury after concussion. Results: Eight studies met inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis results indicated that athletes who had a concussion had 2 times greater odds of sustaining a MSK injury than athletes without concussion (OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.46-3.06). In addition, athletes with concussion demonstrated a higher incidence of MSK injury after return to sport compared with nonconcussed athletes (IRR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.42-1.96). Further analysis showed that both male and female athletes with concussion were at an increased risk of MSK injury compared with their respective same-sex, nonconcussed controls (OR > 1.56, P < .01). Conclusion: Based on the evidence of higher risk of MSK injuries after concussion, standard clinical assessments for athletes with concussion should include not only physical symptoms and cognitive function before return to sport but also neuromuscular risk factors associated with increased risk for MSK injuries.

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The association between dietary inflammatory index and risk of central obesity in adults: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000648 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 90 (5-6) ◽

pp. 535-552 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi ◽

Mahdi Vajdi

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Central Obesity ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Weighted Mean Difference ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Inflammatory Status ◽

Obesity Indices

Abstract. Backgrounds: Central obesity, as a pivotal component of metabolic syndrome is associated with numerous co-morbidities. Dietary factors influence central obesity by increased inflammatory status. However, recent studies didn’t evaluate the association between central obesity and dietary inflammation index (DII®) that give score to dietary factors according to their inflammatory potential. In the current systematic review and meta-analysis, we summarized the studies that investigated the association between DII® with central obesity indices in the general populations. Methods: In a systematic search from PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Sciences and Cochrane electronic databases, we collected relevant studies written in English and published until 30 October 2019. The population of included studies were apparently healthy subjects or individuals with obesity or obesity-related diseases. Observational studies that evaluated the association between DII® and indices of central obesity including WC or WHR were included. Results: Totally thirty-two studies were included; thirty studies were cross-sectional and two were cohort studies with 103071 participants. Meta-analysis of observational studies showed that higher DII® scores were associated with 1.81 cm increase in WC (Pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) = 1.813; CI: 0.785–2.841; p = 0.001). Also, a non-significant increase in the odds of having higher WC (OR = 1.162; CI: 0.95–1.43; p = 0.154) in the highest DII category was also observed. In subgroup analysis, the continent, dietary assessment tool and gender were the heterogeneity sources. Conclusion: The findings proposed that adherence to diets with high DII® scores was associated with increased WC. Further studies with interventional designs are necessary to elucidate the causality inference between DII® and central obesity indices.

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Heritability of glaucoma and glaucoma-related endophenotypes: systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019049 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. e019049 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nigus Gebrmedhin Asefa ◽

Anna Neustaeter ◽

Nomdo M Jansonius ◽

Harold Snieder

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Systematic Reviews ◽

Vision Loss ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Scientific Journal ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age Related

IntroductionGlaucoma is the second leading cause of age-related vision loss worldwide; it is an umbrella term that is used to describe a set of complex ocular disorders with a multifactorial aetiology. Both genetic and lifestyle risk factors for glaucoma are well established. Thus far, however, systematic reviews on the heritability of glaucoma have focused on the heritability of primary open-angle glaucoma only. No systematic review has comprehensively reviewed or meta-analysed the heritability of other types of glaucoma, including glaucoma-related endophenotypes. The aim of this study will be to identify relevant scientific literature regarding the heritability of both glaucoma and related endophenotypes and summarise the evidence by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods and analysisThis systematic review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols 2015 checklist, which provides a standardised approach for carrying out systematic reviews. To capture as much literature as possible, a comprehensive step-by-step systematic search will be undertaken in MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Web of Science and ScienceDirect, and studies published until 31 December 2017 will be included. Two reviewers will independently search the articles for eligibility according to predefined selection criteria. A database will be used for screening of eligible articles. The quality of the included studies will be rated independently by two reviewers, using the National Health Institute Quality Assessment tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. A random-effects model will be used for the meta-analysis. This systematic review is registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews with a registration number: CRD42017064504.Ethics and disseminationWe will use secondary data from peer-reviewed published articles, and hence there is no requirement for ethics approval. The results of this systematic review will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.

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Compliance with spectacle use in children with refractive errors- a systematic review and meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.2.16388/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nonita Dhirar ◽

Sankalp Dudeja ◽

Mona Duggal ◽

Parul Chawla Gupta ◽

Nishant Jaiswal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Sensitivity Analysis ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Refractive Errors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Care Services ◽

Statistical Heterogeneity

Abstract Background Primary objective of this review was to measure compliance with spectacle use in children with refractive errors. Secondary objective was to understand the reasons for non-compliance.Methods The databases searched were Ovid, EMBASE, CINAHL and Pubmed. All studies up to March, 2018 were included. The search terms were- ((((((Compliance [Title/Abstract]) OR Adherence[Title/Abstract]) OR Compliant[Title/Abstract]) OR Adherent[Title/Abstract])) AND (((Spectacle[Title/Abstract]) OR Spectacles[Title/Abstract]) OR Eye Glasses[Title/Abstract])) AND ((((Child[Title/Abstract]) OR Children[Title/Abstract]) OR Adolescent[Title/Abstract]) OR Adolescents[Title/Abstract]). Two researchers independently searched the databases and initial screening obtained 33 articles. The PRISMA guidelines were followed for conducting and writing the systematic review. Two reviewers assessed data quality independently using the Quality Assessment tool for systematic reviews of observational studies (QATSO). Poor quality studies were those, which had a score of less than 33% on the QATSO tool. Sensitivity analysis was done to determine if poor quality studies effected compliance. Galbraith plot was used to investigate statistical heterogeneity amongst studies. A random effects model was used to pool compliance.Results Twenty-three studies were included in the review, of which 20 were included in the quantitative analysis. All the studies were cross sectional. The overall compliance with spectacle use was 40.14% (95% CI- 32.78-47.50). The compliance varied from 9.84% (95% CI=2.36-17.31) to 78.57% (95% CI=68.96-88.18). The compliance derived in sensitivity analysis was 40.09%. Reasons for non-compliance were broken/lost spectacles, forgetfulness, and parental disapproval.Conclusion Appropriate remedial measures such as health education and strengthening vision care services will be required to address poor compliance with spectacle use among children.

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Incidence of acute pulmonary embolism among patients hospitalized with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.27425.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 1489

Author(s):

Mohamed S. Munner ◽

Charles A. Ritchie ◽

Ibrahim H. Elkhidir ◽

Doaa T. Mohammadat ◽

Hussein J. Ahmed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Pulmonary Embolism ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Case Reports ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Case Series ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Incidence Data ◽

Study Heterogeneity ◽

Newcastle Ottawa Scale

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic, which is associated with venous thromboembolism and pulmonary embolism (PE). This study aimed to estimate the pooled incidence of PE among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 within the published literature. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. An electronic search using MEDLINE /PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, and OpenGray databases was conducted May 19th, 2020. Eligible studies included sufficient data to calculate the incidence of PE diagnosed during hospitalization in patients with COVID-19. Case reports were excluded. Quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (observational cohort and case-control), AXIS tool (cross-sectional), and quality assessment tool (case series). Demographics and PE incidence data were extracted from the included studies and analyzed with R language. The pooled incidence of PE in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 was calculated. Results: The database search identified 128 records. Ten observational studies were eligible and were included in the meta-analysis with a total of 1722 patients (mean age= 63.36). .The incidence of PE was noted to be higher in males. The D-dimer levels were specified between PE group and non-PE group in only three studies, while the remaining either reported it improperly or had missing data.The pooled PE incidence in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 was 17% (95% CI: 0.1-0.26). There was a high degree of study heterogeneity (I2 = 94%, p<0.01). Conclusion: The pooled PE incidence in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 is 17%. This increased incidence is greater than that previously reported in the general population of non-COVID-19. Attention and further investigation of this risk is warranted.

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Cognitive Predictors of Social and Occupational Functioning in Early Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Data

Schizophrenia Bulletin ◽

10.1093/schbul/sbab033 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Megan Cowman ◽

Laurena Holleran ◽

Edgar Lonergan ◽

Karen O’Connor ◽

Max Birchwood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Social Cognition ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Early Psychosis ◽

Medium Effect ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Psychosocial Function ◽

Cognitive Domains ◽

Cognitive Predictors

Abstract Many individuals with early psychosis experience impairments in social and occupational function. Identification of modifiable predictors of function such as cognitive performance has the potential to inform effective treatments. Our aim was to estimate the strength of the relationship between psychosocial function in early psychosis and different domains of cognitive and social cognitive performance. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of peer-reviewed, cross-sectional, and longitudinal studies examining cognitive predictors of psychosocial function. Literature searches were conducted in PsycINFO, PubMed, and reference lists of relevant articles to identify studies for inclusion. Of the 2565 identified, 46 studies comprising 3767 participants met inclusion criteria. Separate meta-analyses were conducted for 9 cognitive domains. Pearson correlation values between cognitive variables and function were extracted. All cognitive domains were related to psychosocial function both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Importantly, these associations remained significant even after the effects of symptom severity, duration of untreated psychosis, and length of illness were accounted for. Overall, general cognitive ability and social cognition were most strongly associated with both concurrent and long-term function. Associations demonstrated medium effect sizes. These findings suggest that treatments targeting cognitive deficits, in particular those focusing on social cognition, are likely to be important for improving functional outcomes in early psychosis.

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Compliance with spectacle use in children with refractive errors- a systematic review and meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.2.16388/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Nonita Dhirar ◽

Sankalp Dudeja ◽

Mona Duggal ◽

Parul Chawla Gupta ◽

Nishant Jaiswal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Sensitivity Analysis ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Refractive Errors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Care Services ◽

Statistical Heterogeneity

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Studies on the prevalence of blindness in Ethiopia: a protocol for the systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bmjophth-2021-000881 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. e000881

Author(s):

Merkineh Markos ◽

Biruktawit Kefyalew ◽

Hana Belay Tesfaye

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

English Language ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Design Strategies ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Standard Data ◽

Potential Sources

IntroductionBlindness refers to a lack of vision and/or defined as presenting visual acuity worse than 3/60 in the better eye. Its highest proportion has been conforming to the developing countries such as Ethiopia. So, timely information is crucial to design strategies. However, the study on the magnitude of blindness in Ethiopia was outdated, that means it was conducted in 2005–2006. Therefore, this protocol has been proposed to estimate the pooled prevalence of blindness in Ethiopia to provide up-to-date, comprehensive evidence on this theme.Methods and analysisThe following databases will be used to search articles: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and retrieving references. Standard data extraction approach will be employed and presented using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale quality assessment tool will be used to evaluate the quality of studies. Analysis will be held using STATA V.11. Funnel plot and Egger’s regression test will be applied to check for the potential sources of bias. Heterogeneity among the studies will be tested using Higgins method in which I² statistics will be calculated and compared with the standard. Meta-regression and subgroup analysis will be done to identify the potential sources of heterogeneity. Cross-sectional and survey studies conducted in Ethiopia and published in English language will be included.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval and consent are not required. On completion, the result will be submitted to a reputable peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberCRD42021268448.

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Is the Phenylalanine-Restricted Diet a Risk Factor for Overweight or Obesity in Patients with Phenylketonuria (PKU)? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13103443 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 3443

Author(s):

Catarina Rodrigues ◽

Alex Pinto ◽

Ana Faria ◽

Diana Teixeira ◽

Annemiek M. J. van Wegberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

General Assumption ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Restricted Diet ◽

Cross Sectional

Although there is a general assumption that a phenylalanine (Phe)-restricted diet promotes overweight in patients with phenylketonuria (PKU), it is unclear if this presumption is supported by scientific evidence. This systematic review aimed to determine if patients with PKU are at a higher risk of overweight compared to healthy individuals. A literature search was carried out on PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases. Risk of bias of individual studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies, and the quality of the evidence for each outcome was assessed using the NutriGrade scoring system. From 829 articles identified, 15 were included in the systematic review and 12 in the meta-analysis. Body mass index (BMI) was similar between patients with PKU and healthy controls, providing no evidence to support the idea that a Phe-restricted diet is a risk factor for the development of overweight. However, a subgroup of patients with classical PKU had a significantly higher BMI than healthy controls. Given the increasing prevalence of overweight in the general population, patients with PKU require lifelong follow-up, receiving personalised nutritional counselling, with methodical nutritional status monitoring from a multidisciplinary team in inherited metabolic disorders.

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Effects of functional correction training on injury risk of athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.11089 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e11089

Author(s):

Junxia Chen ◽

Chunhe Zhang ◽

Sheng Chen ◽

Yuhua Zhao

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Injury Risk ◽

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Sports Injury ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Functional Movement ◽

Functional Correction ◽

Protocol Registration ◽

Functional Patterns

Background We explored functional correction training using the Functional Movement Screen (FMS™) tool. We also analyzed the effects of training on the injuries of athletes in a systematic review and meta-analysis of non-randomized clinical trials. Methodology We collected twenty-four articles from PubMed, CENTRAL, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, SPORTDiscus, Embase, WanFang, and CNKI that were published between January 1997 to September 2020. Articles were selected based on the following inclusion criteria: randomized and non-randomized controlled trials, studies with functional correction training screened by FMS™ as the independent variable, and studies with injury risk to the athlete as the dependent variable. Data conditions included the sample size, mean, standard deviation, total FMS™ scores, number of injuries, and asymmetry movement patterns after interventions in the experimental and control groups. Exclusion criteria included: conference abstracts, cross-sectional studies, articles with retrospective study design. Results Twelve non-randomized trials were included in the meta-analysis. The injury risk ratio of athletes after functional correction training was 0.39 RR (95 CI [1.50–1.93]; Z = 15.53; P < 0.0001; I2 = 2.6%), indicating an improvement of athletes functional patterns. Conclusion Grade B evidence indicates that functional correction training based on FMS™ may improve the functional patterns of athletes and Grade D evidence indicates that it may reduce the risk of sports injury. However, the true effect is likely to be different from the estimate of the effect. Therefore, further studies are needed to explore the influence of functional correction training on the injury risks of athletes. Protocol registration: CRD42019145287.

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