The Patterns of Bone Technology in Ancient Kashi (1300 bc to 300 ad)

2021 ◽  
pp. 037698362110521
Author(s):  
Anuradha Singh
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Ecological Aspect ◽  
Bone Tools ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
History Of

The political, socio-economic and cultural development of Kashi was never blocked. The history of technological development in Kashi state has been very flourished. The present study is an attempt to present historical and analytical studies regarding bone technology and its characteristics used in the region of ancient Kashi. The contribution of bone technology in the wisdom of Kashi and the development of a socio-economic perspective has also been discussed. Various bone tools obtained from Kashi’s archaeological sites and excavations reports have been studied. Archaeological and literary sources revealed that ancient Kashi was very developed in technology. The sources candidly depicted the prosperous societal life of its inhabitants in the backdrop of rich culture. Bone objects remains constitute an essential theme to study the integrated ecological aspect of human life.

The Chronology of Yaxuna

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Suhler ◽  
Traci Ardren ◽  
David Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ancient Maya ◽  
Urban Center ◽  
Maya Lowlands ◽  
Terminal Classic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Formative ◽  
Middle Formative

AbstractResearch at the ancient Maya city of Yaxuna, located in the heart of the Yucatan Peninsula, has provided sufficient data to suggest a preliminary chronological framework for the cultural development of this large polity. Primary ceramic and stratigraphie data are presented to support a five-phase scheme of cultural history, encompassing the Middle Formative through Postclassic periods (500 b.c.–a.d. 1250). In addition to chronological significance, the political ramifications of a pan-lowland ceramic trade are addressed. Yaxuna experienced an early florescence in the Late Formative–Early Classic periods, when it was the largest urban center in the central peninsula. A second renaissance in the Terminal Classic period was the result of Yaxuna's role in an alliance between the Puuc and Coba, in opposition to growing Itza militancy. This paper proposes a chronological framework for the cultural development of one northern Maya region in order to facilitate an understanding of this area as part of the overall history of polity interaction and competition in the Maya lowlands.

scholarly journals THE HISTORY OF THE GREAT SELJUK STATE IN AZERBAIJANI HISTORIOGRAPHY

Globus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bayramov
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
The Political ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
South Caucasus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of

The history of the Seljuk state, which played a significant role in the political, economic and cultural life of the Near and Middle East in the Middle Ages, is one of the most actual problems in Azerbaijani historiography. As it is known, after the establishment of the Seljuk state by the Turks, their main policy was to advance to the west, to seize Anatolia, to turn Anatolia into Turkish lands. The Caucasus region was the gateway to Anatolia. That is why the Caucasus, as well as Azerbaijan was of great military-strategic importance for the Seljuks. After the Dandanekan victory, it was decided at the Congress in Merv to launch new military operations to the East and West. The main target of the attack was Iran, Byzantium and the South Caucasus, because these countries were in political disarray and unable to resist them. Seljuk troops advancing on the Caucasus soon subjugated the local feudal states. The people of Azerbaijan, who have been under the rule of the Seljuk state for more than a century, have played a special role in the political and cultural development of the Seljuk state. However, this problem in national historiography has been a separate research topic only in the second half of the 20th century, which has long been out of sight. The present article is devoted to the study of Seljuk state in Azerbaijani historiography. The article studies the works of prominent Azerbaijani historians Z. Bunyadov, R. Huseynov, N. Akhundova, N.Aliyeva, Sh.Mustafayev, I.Hajiyev, T.Dostiyev and others, who have done research in this area since the second half of the twentieth to the first decade of the twenty-first century and their role in the study of the history of the great state in the medieval Muslim East, the Seljuk State, has been defined

Underwater Archaeology of the World Wars

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Neyland
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
World War ◽  
Marine Archaeology ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The U.S

This article describes shipwrecks from the World Wars. For marine archaeology, there are numerous archaeological sites to dive on, research, and analyze. World War II in Europe resulted in staggering losses of shipping and lives. There were changes in naval warfare that resulted from the technological development of weapons capable of sinking ships. This article highlights archaeological research on world war shipwrecks, which focuses on identifying the locations of wrecks and the causes of sinking. The U.S. Navy's wrecks are distributed in every major body of water and represent many questions formulated in World War archaeology. Furthermore, this article highlights the fact that the shipwrecks of the World Wars pose environmental concerns. Shipwreck finds from the World Wars will undoubtedly continue until all the larger ships and notable aircraft have been found, for such is the fascination with discovery and the history of the lost ships and aircraft of those conflicts.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Bahar
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
American Indians ◽  
American Revolution ◽  
Academic Writing ◽  
Atlantic World ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
The Political ◽  
Sea Power ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Economic

A Thanksgiving Day pageant at Plymouth Harbor, Massachusetts, in 1970 revealed the extent to which modern Americans have forgotten an important chapter of their early past. Though profoundly significant in the political, economic, and cultural development of both Native and colonial societies in the Northeast, the history of Wabanaki sea power has been intentionally and inadvertently overlooked by myriad peoples. New Englanders in the era of the American Revolution ignored their history of victimhood at the hands of Indians and their dependency on the British Empire to mitigate it. The story has since been buried deeper by popular and academic writing informed by historical assumptions about American Indians, the Atlantic world, and piracy.

Rethinking early Carthaginian coinage

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 7-29
Author(s):  
Paolo Visonà
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
The Political ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Linear Path ◽  
Careful Scrutiny ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Punic Wars

The coins minted by the Carthaginians in silver, gold, electrum, billon and bronze comprise one of the largest coinages that circulated in the W Mediterranean before the Roman conquest. They provide essential information on both the history and economy of Carthage and on Carthaginian interactions with their neighbors, allies and adversaries. Carthaginian bronze coins, in particular, are frequently found throughout the Punic world, in each of its core regions (N Africa from Tripolitania to Algeria, Sicily, Sardinia, Ibiza and the southernmost Iberian peninsula), as well as in Italy. Yet few accounts of Carthage and the Punic Wars take Carthaginian coinage into consideration, and an emphasis on Greek and Latin literary sources continues to drive the narrative. Of course, in evaluating the political and economic implications of numismatic evidence one needs to distinguish from the start between the issues of the Carthage mint and those of other mints that struck coins under Carthaginian authority. Carthaginian coinage did not follow a linear path of development. As the Carthaginians began to produce coins in Sicily earlier than in N Africa, the start of minting at Carthage deserves careful scrutiny. This essay, based upon an ongoing study of Carthaginian bronze and billon coins, will review the history of modern scholarship and current research on Carthaginian coinage, focussing upon the formative period of the Carthage mint between c.350 and 300 B.C. in order to define the main aspects of its output, its relevance for the monetization of the Carthaginian homeland, and the sequence of the earliest issues.

scholarly journals A Olímpica 12 de Píndaro: tradução e comentário

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-142
Author(s):  
Gustavo Henrique Montes Frade
Keyword(s):  
Political History ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Human Action ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

Abstract: This study proposes an interpretation of Pindar’s Olympian 12 with particular attention to the theme of contingency (according to Aristotle, “that which may be otherwise”) in relation to human action. As the course of the athlete’s life and of the political history of Himera, the poem and its water images move through uncertainties and reach the accomplishment. Although Pindar recognizes the risks of hope, he shows how the constant variations of human life and the impossibility of knowing the future can result in a positive reversion of conditions in which an adverse situation leads to achievement, even when it is unlikely.

scholarly journals Spain Was Not Living a Celebration

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Francisco Gutiérrez Lozano
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Political Interest ◽  
The Political ◽  
Democratic Regime ◽  
Political Propaganda ◽  
Eurovision Song Contest ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
The 1960S

Franco’s Dictatorship (1939-1975) used Spanish Television (TVE) as a key element in the political propaganda of its apparent ‘openness’ during the 1960s. The propaganda co-existed with political interest in showing the technological development of the media and the international co-operation established with other European broadcasters, mainly in the EBU. In a country ruled by strong political censorship, the Eurovision Song Contest was used as a political tool to show the most amiable image of the non-democratic regime. Spain’s only two Eurovision wins (1968 and 1969) are still, 50 years on, two of the building blocks of the history of TVE and of televised entertainment and popular memory in Spain.

The looking machine

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David MacDougall
Keyword(s):  
Reality Television ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Space Time ◽  
The Political ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
Emotional Relationships ◽  
History Of

The looking machine calls for the redemption of documentary cinema, exploring the potential and promise of the genre at a time when it appears under increasing threat from reality television, historical re-enactments, designer packaging, and corporate authorship. The book consists of a set of essays each focused on a particular theme derived from the author’s own experience as a filmmaker. It provides a practice-based, critical perspective on the history of documentary, how films evoke space, time and physical sensations, questions of aesthetics, and the intellectual and emotional relationships between filmmakers and their subjects. It is especially concerned with the potential of film to broaden the base of human knowledge, distinct from its expression in written texts. Among its underlying concerns are the political and ethical implications of how films are actually made, and the constraints that may prevent filmmakers from honestly showing what they have seen. While defending the importance of the documentary idea, MacDougall urges us to consider how the form can become a ‘cinema of consciousness’ that more accurately represents the sensory and everyday aspects of human life. Building on his experience bridging anthropology and cinema, he argues that this means resisting the inherent ethnocentrism of both our own society and the societies we film.

scholarly journals Dampak Digital Game Terhadap Perkembangan Sosial Budaya Masyarakat

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Henry Bastian ◽  
Khamadi Khamadi
Keyword(s):  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Digital Games ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Digital Game ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

AbstrakSejarah panjang perkembangan game menjadi digital game saat ini ikut membawa perkembangan di berbagai lini kehidupan manusia. Jika dahulu game hanya dikenal sebagai media hiburan dalam waktu luang, kini digital game telah menjadi sebuah kebutuhan utama masyarakat dalam keseharian. Di berbagai aktivitasnya, digital game selalu mewarnai kehidupan sosial dan budaya masyarakat, khususnya para remaja. Sebagai dampaknya muncul wacana negatif sebagai budaya baru yang merusak seperti membuat kecanduan, memberi efek emosi yang negatif kepada pemain, dan sebagainya. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan sebuah pandangan baru tentang bagaimana fenomena tersebut terjadi. Apakah dampak digital game sebenarnya yang terjadi di masyarakat dan bagaimana hal itu terjadi. Melalui observasi, wawancara, dan studi literatur terhadap pengguna aktif digital game didapatkan data perkembangan digital game di kehidupan masyarakat saat ini. Selanjutnya data dianalisis melalui pendekatan teori kebutuhan Maslow, teori interaksi sosial, dan teori perkembangan budaya masyarakat modern. Sebagai hasilnya digital game telah menjadi ciri masyarakat modern yang dinantikan perkembangan dan kehadirannya sebagai sebuah kebutuhan baru bersosialisasi. Digital game sebagai media komunikasi yang secara simbolik menawarkan simulasi kenyataan yang membuat penggunanya betah untuk berlama-lama memainkannya. Kata Kunci: digital game, sosial, budaya, masyarakat AbstractThe long history of game development involving the development of today’s digital games ignites the development of various sectors of human life. If the first game was only known as a medium of entertainment in leisure time, now, digital games have become society’s major necessity in everyday life. In many activities, digital games always spark the social and cultural life of society, especially the youths. As a result, negative discourse appears as a new destructive culture. It creates addiction and stimulates  negative emotion effecting the players, and so on. This paper aims to give a new view on how the phenomenon occurs. What is the impact of digital game in the society? and how can it happen? By conducting a literature review, and also observing and interviewing the active users of digital game, the data pertaining to the development of digital game in nowadays’ public life can be obtained. Furthermore, the data were analyzed by using Maslow's needs theory,theory of social interaction, and theory of cultural development of modern society. As a result, digital games have become the hallmark of modern society in which their development is being anticipated  and their presence is seen as a new requirement to socialize. As a medium of communication that symbolically offers simulated reality, digital games make the users feel comfortable playing them. Keywords: digital game, social, culture, society

scholarly journals Ukrainian Revolution of 1917—1921 in the Propaganda Discourse of the Russian Bolshevism: Tymofii Levchuk’s Film “A Kyiv Citizen” (1958)

2021 ◽  
pp. 151-169
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Khomenko ◽  
Bohdan Skopnenko
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
The Political ◽  
Peace Treaty ◽  
Soviet Cinema ◽  
Constructive Models ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Choices ◽  
Ideological Manipulation ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes

The history of cinema is one of those unique cultural phenomena, which constantly attracts the attention of researchers. This phenomenon, especially in the 20th century, determined not only the direction of aesthetic transformations of the cultural development but also had an impact on the formation of ideologies and the strengthening of political regimes. This topic is relevant because the methods of propaganda that were actively used by totalitarian regimes (including the Soviet totalitarian rule) are now actively used by the undemocratic Russian administration to achieve political goals. The construction of the “Ukrainian bourgeois nationalist” image in Soviet cinema is of special interest in the context of Russia's “hybrid warfare” against Ukraine, which continues today. The instrumental technologies of ideological manipulation used in the creation of films have shown their effectiveness in shaping the worldview of the “new Soviet man”. Forms of this type of consciousness still continue to influence the political choices of many citizens of our state. The film “A Kyiv Citizen”, studied in the article, was created in 1958 by the Ukrainian Soviet film director T. Levchuk at the Kyiv O. Dovzhenko Studio. The film is a classic example of the ideologically biased film production. On the example of this film, we can observe technological principles and constructive models used by the Soviet regime to falsify the history of Ukraine in the 20th century, in particular the events of the Ukrainian revolution of 1917–1921. In the film “A Kyiv Citizen”, the events of the Ukrainian revolution of 1917–1921 were counterfeited in order to illustrate to the audience the Soviet version of the history of Ukraine and the events related to the seizure of power by the Bolsheviks. In such a way, the Soviet propaganda tried to form in the viewer a type of psychological perception of reality loyal to the “Soviet empire”. In particular, the facts related to the Bolsheviks' attempt to seize power in Kyiv in October 1917, the battles for the Arsenal plant in January 1918, and the conclusion of a peace treaty between the Ukrainian People's Republic and Germany were falsified.

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