Changing in gender prevalence of nephrolithiasis

2020 ◽  
pp. 039156032096620
Author(s):  
Elisa Cicerello ◽  
Mario S Mangano ◽  
Giandavide Cova ◽  
Matteo Ciaccia
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male To Female

Although nephrolithiasis is a more common disease in men rather than women, several studies over the last decades show that the male to female ratio 3:1 is narrowing. These finding may be associated to modified risk factors for stone formation between females and males. Changes in lifestyle and increasing obesity in women may play a role in shifting of gender disparity. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated an increase of kidney stones in women which have necessitated emergency department visits (ED). Therefore, females show a greater percentage of mortality rate if compared to males, especially if stone disease is associated to urosepsis and requires the admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). This article reviews recent insights into changing gender prevalence in urinary calculi and into identifying the relation between gender and risk factors for stone disease, that in case of severe urosepsis might also lead to mortality.

Epidemiology of stone disease

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Turney ◽  
John Reynard
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Male To Female

In developed countries, the lifetime prevalence of kidney stones is around 10% and most commonly affects people in the working age-group. The incidence is increasing internationally. After passage of a first stone, the risk of recurrence is high. Direct and indirect costs involved in treating stones are considerable. Intrinsic risk factors include age, gender, genetics, and metabolic syndromes. The incidence of stone disease peaks between the ages of 20 and 60 years. While historically the male to female ratio was around 3:1, the gender gap is closing. The reasons for increased incidence are due in part to increased detection through better imaging but also due to environmental factors (e.g. diet, obesity, diabetes, dehydration) which put more people with an underlying genetic predisposition at risk. Despite the increasing prevalence of kidney stones, the majority are categorized as idiopathic.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Kidney Stones Among Patients Presenting to Orotta Medical Surgical National Referral Hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selomie Zemicael Teklehaimanot ◽  
Bernandos Bahta ◽  
Nardos Tareke Baye ◽  
Eyob Gebremichael ◽  
Tsegezeab Gebrezgi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
National Referral Hospital

Abstract Background Nephrolithiasis is a condition of having stones in the kidneys, which progressively lead to loss of renal function if untreated properly.1 The prevalence and incidence of kidney stones is increasing across the world.2 Methods A retrospectively collected data of kidney stone disease was reviewed on patients who visited the outpatient department of Orotta Medical Surgical National Referral Hospital from January 2012 to December 2012. Results Out of 30,335 patients 173 were confirmed to have stones making them 0.5%. Generally results show male predominance with male to female ratio of 2.46:1. Results also show prevalence decreases as age increases with the highest among the age group 15-25 making a prevalence rate of 27.7% with observed significance of 0.002. Out of those patients who visited the outpatient department patients from Zoba Maekel were the highest in number (59.9%) followed by Debub (19.1%) while the southern Red Sea Zone had the lowest prevalence (2.3%). Majority of the stones were found on the kidney comprising about 80.3%, followed by ureter 16.8% of patients and 2.9% stones were located on the bladder. When data was reviewed for associated co morbidity only one patient had associated Diabetes mellitus and Hypertension, three had ectopic kidney(1.7%), one had renal cyst (0.6%) and 12 (6.9%) patients were complicated with hydronephrosis. (P=0.548) Conclusions The prevalence of kidney stone in Orotta Medical Surgical National Referral hospital from January to December 2012 is 0.5%, with higher predominance in men than in women with a ratio of 2.46:1.

Pediatric Urolithiases: A Ten-Year Review

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1068-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Walther ◽  
Donald Lamm ◽  
George W. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Extensive Evaluation ◽  
Calculus Disease ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

Sixty-one children who presented with urinary calculi between 1967 and 1977 were reviewed. The overall incidence of calculus disease in our patients was higher than reported previously from other centers in this country. Because presenting symptoms varied, a high index of suspicion was often required for diagnosis. Stones of infection were the most common type identified. Inasmuch as the recurrence rate of calculi in children was low (6.5%), careful consideration of time and cost is warrented before extensive evaluation for metabolic causes of stone formation is undertaken. Immobilization was an important factor in the etiology of stone disease. Most stones less than 5 mm in size passed without surgery.

Asthma in the Critically Ill Patient

2019 ◽  
pp. 150-156
Author(s):  
Jonathan J. Danaraj ◽  
Augustine S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Critically Ill Patient ◽  
Common Condition ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Male To Female

Asthma is a common condition that affects an estimated 24 million children and adults in the United States (prevalence, 8%-10%). Globally, over 300 million people are affected and the number is expected to increase. The age distribution is bimodal, but in most patients, asthma is diagnosed before age 18 years (male to female ratio, 2:1 in children; 1:1 in adults). Susceptibility to asthma is multifactorial with both genetic and environmental factors. The strongest risk factor is atopy, a sensitivity to the development of immunoglobulin E (IgE) to specific allergens. A person with atopy is 3- to 4-fold more likely to have asthma than a person without atopy. Other risk factors include birth weight, prematurity, tobacco use (including secondary exposure), and obesity.

Incidence and pattern of leukemia in Bhutanese population: a retrospective analysis of eight years (January 2008 to December 2015)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Kuenzang Dorji ◽  
Krishna Prasad Sharma ◽  
Rinzin Jamtsho ◽  
Puja Devi Samal ◽  
Dorji Wangchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Haematological Malignancies ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
National Referral Hospital

Introduction: The burden of haematological malignancies in developing countries is on the rise. This burden may be further aggravated in Bhutan due to the aging population and rapid modernization of the nation. Despite this, there is a paucity of information about the incidence and pattern of leukemia in the Bhutanese population. In this retrospective study, we aim to investigate the incidence and pattern of leukemia in Bhutan using a database of leukemia diagnosed at Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, Thimphu, Bhutan from January 2008 to December 2015. Methods: The diagnoses and classification of leukemias were based on the morphology of blood cells on peripheral blood and bone marrow smears. The data was analyzed with descriptive statistics. The age-standardized incidence rate per 100,000 populations and its 95% confidence interval was calculated to assess the statistical significance. Results: In total 118 patients were diagnosed with leukemia over the period of eight years. Leukemia was found to be more frequent in male (51.69%) compared to female (48.30%) with a male to female ratio of 1.1:1. Acute leukemia accounted for 66.95% of all leukemia case diagnosed, whereas chronic leukemia accounted for only 33.05% of the cases. The average, annual, age-standardized incidence rate of leukemia per 100,000 population was 2.30 (95% CI: 1.87-2.73). Conclusions: The incidence and pattern of leukemia in the Bhutanese population is similar to other published literature. Leukemia is not uncommon in the Bhutanese population, thus additional studies on risk factors for leukemia in the Bhutanese population is necessary.

scholarly journals Body size and risk of kidney stones.

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1645-1652
Author(s):  
G C Curhan ◽  
W C Willett ◽  
E B Rimm ◽  
F E Speizer ◽  
M J Stampfer
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Kidney Stone Formation ◽  
Risk Of Stone Formation

A variety of factors influence the formation of calcium oxalate kidney stones, including gender, diet, and urinary excretion of calcium, oxalate, and uric acid. Several of these factors may be related to body size. Because men on average have a larger body size and a threefold higher lifetime risk of stone formation than women, body size may be an important risk factor for calcium oxalate stone formation. The association between body size (height, weight, and body mass index) and the risk of kidney stone formation was studied in two large cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study (NHS; n = 89,376 women) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS; n = 51,529 men). Information on body size, kidney stone formation, and other exposures of interest was obtained by mailed questionnaires. A total of 1078 incident cases of kidney stones in NHS during 14 yr of follow-up and a total of 956 cases in HPFS during 8 yr of follow-up were confirmed. In both cohorts, the prevalence of a stone disease history and the incidence of stone disease were directly associated with weight and body mass index. However, the magnitude of the associations was consistently greater among women. Specifically, the age-adjusted prevalence odds ratio for women with body mass index > or = 32 kg/m2 compared with 21 to 22.9 kg/m2 was 1.76 (95% confidence interval, 1.50 to 2.07), but 1.38 (95% confidence interval, 1.16 to 1.65) for the same comparison in men. For incident stone formation, the multivariate relative risks for the similar comparisons were 1.89 (1.51 to 2.36) for women and 1.19 (0.83 to 1.70) in men. Height was inversely associated with the prevalence of stone disease but was not associated with incident stone formation. These results suggest that body size is associated with the risk of stone formation and that the magnitude of risk varies by gender. Additional studies are necessary to determine whether a reduction in body weight decreases the risk of stone formation, particularly in women.

scholarly journals Risk factors for open conversion of laparoscopic biliary surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 846
Author(s):  
Asem F. Mohammed ◽  
Moharm A. Abdelshahid ◽  
Mohammed A. Elbalshy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Open Approach ◽  
Surgical Experience ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Biliary Surgery ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Open Conversion ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Male To Female

Background: Conversion rates of laparoscopic to open biliary procedures vary according to different factors such as clinical presentation, co-morbidity, surgical experience and equipment.Methods: A prospective analysis of 464 laparoscopic cholecystectomies (LC) including 88 laparoscopic common bile duct explorations (LCBDE) over a period of 5 years was carried out in Menofia University Hospitals, between December 2012 to December 2017.Results: The male to female ratio in the series was 1:3.4 with a Median±SD age 51±16 years.  158 cases (34%) of all patients were admitted as an emergency including jaundice in 60 cases (13%), acute pancreatitis in 27 cases 6% and acute cholecystitis/empyema in 27 cases (6%). 153 cases (33%) had previous abdominal surgery. LCBDE was done in 88 cases. open conversion was necessary in 6/464 cases (1.3%) over 5 years; with no conversions in the last 2 years (130 cases). converted cases had a Median±SD age 53±17 years and 67% were female.Conclusions: Several risk factors favour conversion from laparoscopic to an open approach in biliary surgeries that has to be identified preoperative to provide a better surgery.

scholarly journals P0175DETERMINANTS OF RENAL PAPILLARY APPEARANCE IN RENAL STONE FORMERS: AN IN-DEPTH EXAMINATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Bargagli ◽  
Rossella De Leonardis ◽  
Mauro Ragonese ◽  
Angelo Totaro ◽  
Francesco Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Stone Composition ◽  
Stone Recurrence ◽  
Stone Formers

Abstract Background and Aims Nephrolithiasis is a medical condition characterized by high prevalence among the general population both in Europe and in the U.S. and it is responsible for high costs reaching up to $10 billion per year. It is associated with specific comorbidities such as obesity, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease. Kidney stones development is believed to start either from Randall’s plaques or from stone plugs. Both these lesions can be seen on renal papillary surfaces, but what promotes the formation of plaques and plugs is not entirely understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between the urinary metabolic milieu and a published endoscopic papillary evaluation score (PPLA). We also evaluated the correlation of PPLA score with kidney stone recurrence during follow-up. Method We prospectively enrolled 31 stone forming patients who undergone retrograde intrarenal surgery procedures. Visual inspection of the accessible renal papillae was performed in order to calculate the PPLA score based on the appearance of ductal plugging, surface pitting, loss of papillary contour and Randall’s plaque extension. Demographic information, blood samples, 24h urine collections and kidney stone events during follow-up were collected. Stone composition was analyzed using infrared-spectroscopy. Relative urinary supersaturations (RSS) for calcium oxalate (CaOx), calcium phosphate (CaPi) and uric acid (UA) were calculated using the Equil2 software. PPLA score > 3 was defined as high. Results Median follow-up period was 11 (min/max 5, 34) months. PPLA score was inversely correlated with BMI (rho = −0.39, p = 0.035) and history of recurrent kidney stones (median PPLA 5.0 vs 2.5, p = 0.029), these results were confirmed when PPLA was considered as a categorical variable (median BMI 27 vs 24, recurrent stone disease 12 vs 62%, p= 0.006). Furthermore, high PPLA score was associated with lower odds of new kidney stone events during follow-up (OR 0.154, 95% confidence interval 0.024, 0.998, p = 0.05). No significant correlations were found between PPLA score, stone composition, blood parameters, 24h urine solute excretions and RSS for CaOx, CaPi and UA. Conclusion Different papillary abnormalities seem to be linked to specific mechanisms of stone formation. Although data regarding PPLA score are inconsistent, it may be a valid asset for both medical and surgical management of nephrolithiasis. Larger, long-term prospective clinical studies need to be conducted to assess the validity of PPLA score system in evaluating risk of stone recurrence.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Risk Factors, Awareness, and Treatment and Control of Hypertension in Mafia Island, Tanzania

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Muhamedhussein ◽  
Z. I. Nagri ◽  
K. P. Manji
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Receive Treatment ◽  
And Control ◽  
Male To Female

Introduction. The prevalence of hypertension in Africa ranges from 29.7% in Cameroon to 47% in South Africa. Only 10% receive treatment in Cameroon while 32% are on medications in Ghana. Control rates vary from 0.4% to 16.8%. This study was done to assess prevalence, risk factors, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in Mafia Island, Tanzania, which has never been documented before, so that necessary interventions can be undertaken accordingly.Methodology. Data was collected through questionnaires and anthropometric measurements were taken. Descriptive statistics were done and potential correlations were analyzed.Results. Out of 570 adults who were included in the study, 154 (27%) were aged 41–50 and the male-to-female ratio was 1 : 1.05. Almost half (49.5%) of the participants fit into the criteria of hypertension. Out of the 118 participants who were aware of having hypertension, 68 (57.6%) were currently taking medication. From those taking medication, only 14 (20.6%) had controlled hypertension.Conclusion. This study tried to show the extent of hypertension and find out risk factors which could explain the high prevalence of hypertension. This is very alarming and a dire need to raise awareness through health education, availability of screening, and treating and follow-up should be given priority.

scholarly journals Geographical distribution of the associated factors of osteonecrosis of the femoral head, using the designated intractable disease database in Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wataru Ando ◽  
Masaki Takao ◽  
Tetsuro Tani ◽  
Keisuke Uemura ◽  
Hidetoshi Hamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Femoral Head ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Registry System ◽  
Registration Rate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Male To Female

ABSTRACT Objectives Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a designated intractable disease (DID) in Japan. The Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare launched an online registry system for DIDs. We aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of patients with ONFH using the DID database. Methods Data of patients with ONFH registered in the DID database between January 2004 and December 2013 were extracted. The incidence of new cases and distributions of sex, age, and associated risk factors were investigated. The prevalence of the two categories, ‘steroid-associated’ and ‘alcohol-associated’ risk factors, was estimated for each prefecture. Results New 15,049 cases of ONFH were investigated. The mean registration rate-corrected annual ONFH incidence per 100,000 individuals was 1.77. The male-to-female ratio was 1.33. Age distribution peaked in the 40s and 50s for male and 60s for female. The prevalence of steroid-associated ONFH was lower in males (28.6%) than in females (49.8%), while that of alcohol-associated ONFH was higher in males (47.2%) than in females (9.3%). No clear region was identified for the steroids. The incidence of alcohol-associated ONFH was significantly higher in Tokyo and Okinawa, regardless of sex. Conclusions Alcohol-associated ONFH incidence varies geographically across Japan, suggesting that it has regional characteristics.

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