scholarly journals Prevalence of Kidney Stones Among Patients Presenting to Orotta Medical Surgical National Referral Hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selomie Zemicael Teklehaimanot ◽  
Bernandos Bahta ◽  
Nardos Tareke Baye ◽  
Eyob Gebremichael ◽  
Tsegezeab Gebrezgi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
National Referral Hospital

Abstract Background Nephrolithiasis is a condition of having stones in the kidneys, which progressively lead to loss of renal function if untreated properly.1 The prevalence and incidence of kidney stones is increasing across the world.2 Methods A retrospectively collected data of kidney stone disease was reviewed on patients who visited the outpatient department of Orotta Medical Surgical National Referral Hospital from January 2012 to December 2012. Results Out of 30,335 patients 173 were confirmed to have stones making them 0.5%. Generally results show male predominance with male to female ratio of 2.46:1. Results also show prevalence decreases as age increases with the highest among the age group 15-25 making a prevalence rate of 27.7% with observed significance of 0.002. Out of those patients who visited the outpatient department patients from Zoba Maekel were the highest in number (59.9%) followed by Debub (19.1%) while the southern Red Sea Zone had the lowest prevalence (2.3%). Majority of the stones were found on the kidney comprising about 80.3%, followed by ureter 16.8% of patients and 2.9% stones were located on the bladder. When data was reviewed for associated co morbidity only one patient had associated Diabetes mellitus and Hypertension, three had ectopic kidney(1.7%), one had renal cyst (0.6%) and 12 (6.9%) patients were complicated with hydronephrosis. (P=0.548) Conclusions The prevalence of kidney stone in Orotta Medical Surgical National Referral hospital from January to December 2012 is 0.5%, with higher predominance in men than in women with a ratio of 2.46:1.

scholarly journals High rates of gastroesophageal cancers in patients with dyspepsia undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 09 (07) ◽  
pp. E997-E1000
Author(s):  
Ronald Mbiine ◽  
Cephas Nakanwagi ◽  
Olivia Kituuka
Keyword(s):  
Positive Association ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Mulago Hospital ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Mulago National Referral Hospital ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal ◽  
National Referral Hospital

Abstract Background and study aims Dyspepsia is the most common presenting symptom in the gastrointestinal clinic of Mulago National Referral hospital. The etiology is essentially not fully described in our patient population. This study was therefore conducted to establish the causes of dyspepsia based on endoscopic diagnosis among patients with dyspepsia seeking care at the National Referral hospital of Uganda. Patients and methods This retrospective study conducted in the endoscopy unit of Mulago hospital reviewed 356 patient endoscopy reports spanning January 2018 to July 2020 with a focus on those with a referral indication of dyspepsia. Age and sex were the independent variables of interest while the endoscopy findings as reported by the endoscopist were the outcome variable of interest. Results Of the 356 endoscopy reports reviewed, 159 met the inclusion criterion of dyspepsia as the indication. Participant mean age was 47.7 years (± 16.53) with the majority (25.79 %) in the fifth decade while the male to female ratio was 1. The majority of patients had organic dyspepsia (90.57 %) while the commonest finding was gastritis 69 (43.4 %). Gastroesophageal cancers represented (18) 11.32 % of all findings. There was a positive association between age > 50 years with gastroesophageal cancers (7.639) as well as age < 50 years and functional dyspepsia (2.794); however, all these were not statistically significant (P = 0.006 and (P = 0.095, respectively). Conclusions Organic/structural dyspepsia comprises over 90 % of investigated dyspepsia with 11 % comprising cancer among patients seeking endoscopy at the National Referral Hospital of Uganda.

Epidemiology of stone disease

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Turney ◽  
John Reynard
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Male To Female

In developed countries, the lifetime prevalence of kidney stones is around 10% and most commonly affects people in the working age-group. The incidence is increasing internationally. After passage of a first stone, the risk of recurrence is high. Direct and indirect costs involved in treating stones are considerable. Intrinsic risk factors include age, gender, genetics, and metabolic syndromes. The incidence of stone disease peaks between the ages of 20 and 60 years. While historically the male to female ratio was around 3:1, the gender gap is closing. The reasons for increased incidence are due in part to increased detection through better imaging but also due to environmental factors (e.g. diet, obesity, diabetes, dehydration) which put more people with an underlying genetic predisposition at risk. Despite the increasing prevalence of kidney stones, the majority are categorized as idiopathic.

Changing in gender prevalence of nephrolithiasis

2020 ◽  
pp. 039156032096620
Author(s):  
Elisa Cicerello ◽  
Mario S Mangano ◽  
Giandavide Cova ◽  
Matteo Ciaccia
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male To Female

Although nephrolithiasis is a more common disease in men rather than women, several studies over the last decades show that the male to female ratio 3:1 is narrowing. These finding may be associated to modified risk factors for stone formation between females and males. Changes in lifestyle and increasing obesity in women may play a role in shifting of gender disparity. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated an increase of kidney stones in women which have necessitated emergency department visits (ED). Therefore, females show a greater percentage of mortality rate if compared to males, especially if stone disease is associated to urosepsis and requires the admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). This article reviews recent insights into changing gender prevalence in urinary calculi and into identifying the relation between gender and risk factors for stone disease, that in case of severe urosepsis might also lead to mortality.

scholarly journals An 8-year Pattern of Orofacial Sarcoma from the National Referral Hospital in United Republic of Tanzania

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
United Republic ◽  
United Republic Of Tanzania ◽  
National Referral Hospital

ABSTRACT Aim: This study aimed at evaluating the pattern of head and neck sarcomas among patients treated at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania. Background Sarcomas of the head and neck are very rare, representing only 1% of all primary tumors arising within the head and neck region and accounting for 4 to 10% of all sarcomas, with more than 50 distinct existing histologic subtypes. Materials and methods It was a retrospective study whereby histological results of the lesions arising from oral and maxillofacial region between 2008 and 2016 were analyzed. Patient's demographic data, histopathological diagnosis, and the type of sarcoma were recorded. The lesions were broadly grouped as soft and hard tissue sarcomas (HTSs). Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 19 computer program. Results Sarcomas accounted for 7% of all lesions occurring in orofacial region. Male to female ratio was 1:1.4. The age ranged from 3 to 81 years, mean age being 33 ± 16 years. The most affected age groups were of 30 to 39 followed by 20 to 29 years. Approximately half of the patients were aged below 30 years and three quarters below 40 years. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and rhabdomyosarcoma were the most common soft tissue sarcoma (STS), while osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma were the commonest HTS. Conclusion The analysis demonstrated that the head and neck sarcomas are a very rare group of neoplasm, with approximately 20 cases per year. The STSs are more common than the HTSs, while KS is the most common, followed by osteosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. Generally, patients less than 40 years of age are the mostly affected, with a slightly higher female predominance. Clinical significance By contributing to the identification of the incidence of sarcomas at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania, this study promotes scientific understanding of pattern of occurrence and underscores the necessity of early detection of sarcomas, since the affected are young individuals. How to cite this article Moshy JR, Owibingire SS, Sohal KS. An 8-year Pattern of Orofacial Sarcoma from the National Referral Hospital in United Republic of Tanzania. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(4):207-212.

scholarly journals What is the relationship of stress to patients' kidney stone-related quality of life?

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Lundeen ◽  
Jonathan R.Z. Lim ◽  
Kymora B. Scotland ◽  
Reza Safaee Ardekani ◽  
Kristina L. Penniston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
General Stress ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is decreased in patients with kidney stones at all stages of stone disease, even when asymptomatic. Stress is thought to contribute to HRQOL, although there has been minimal investigation into the effect of stress on stone-related quality of life (QOL). We used the Wisconsin Stone Quality of Life Questionnaire (WISQOL) to assess the relationship of stress to stone-related QOL in kidney stone patients. Methods: As part of the WISQOL Research Consortium, patients were approached in outpatient clinics and completed the WISQOL and the Perceived Stress Scale 10-item questionnaire (PSS-10). Patients with stones at enrollment were divided into those with symptoms and those without, while patients with no current stones formed another group. Questionnaire scores from each group were compared statistically and correlations between the groups were calculated. Results: Patients (n=704) were enrolled from six centers. The WISQOL successfully discriminated between patients with current stones and those without (p<0.0001), while the PSS-10 did not (p=0.0869). The PSS-10 revealed patients with symptomatic kidney stones experienced higher levels of general stress than asymptomatic subjects (p<0.0001). However, a Pearson correlation test comparing the responses from each instrument revealed no overall correlation between general stress and HRQOL (r=0.05). Conclusions: Symptomatic kidney stones increase general stress, as these patients demonstrate higher PSS-10 scores. Despite this, no correlation exists between general stress and stone-related QOL in patients with stone disease regardless of their stone and symptom status. This implies the existence of other factors impacting QOL in these patients, which warrants further exploration.

Incidence and pattern of leukemia in Bhutanese population: a retrospective analysis of eight years (January 2008 to December 2015)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Kuenzang Dorji ◽  
Krishna Prasad Sharma ◽  
Rinzin Jamtsho ◽  
Puja Devi Samal ◽  
Dorji Wangchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Haematological Malignancies ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
National Referral Hospital

Introduction: The burden of haematological malignancies in developing countries is on the rise. This burden may be further aggravated in Bhutan due to the aging population and rapid modernization of the nation. Despite this, there is a paucity of information about the incidence and pattern of leukemia in the Bhutanese population. In this retrospective study, we aim to investigate the incidence and pattern of leukemia in Bhutan using a database of leukemia diagnosed at Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, Thimphu, Bhutan from January 2008 to December 2015. Methods: The diagnoses and classification of leukemias were based on the morphology of blood cells on peripheral blood and bone marrow smears. The data was analyzed with descriptive statistics. The age-standardized incidence rate per 100,000 populations and its 95% confidence interval was calculated to assess the statistical significance. Results: In total 118 patients were diagnosed with leukemia over the period of eight years. Leukemia was found to be more frequent in male (51.69%) compared to female (48.30%) with a male to female ratio of 1.1:1. Acute leukemia accounted for 66.95% of all leukemia case diagnosed, whereas chronic leukemia accounted for only 33.05% of the cases. The average, annual, age-standardized incidence rate of leukemia per 100,000 population was 2.30 (95% CI: 1.87-2.73). Conclusions: The incidence and pattern of leukemia in the Bhutanese population is similar to other published literature. Leukemia is not uncommon in the Bhutanese population, thus additional studies on risk factors for leukemia in the Bhutanese population is necessary.

scholarly journals Aural foreign bodies and their management: our experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 646
Author(s):  
Padma Harini ◽  
Suneel Kudamala
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male To Female

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Aural foreign bodies (FB) are a common presentation at ENT outpatient department mostly seen in paediatric population. Some are easily managed while others should be dealt with caution and extreme care. The objectives of the study were to analyze the types of aural FB, their incidence in different age groups and evaluate management methods.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a prospective descriptive study on patients of all age groups with aural FB presenting to the ENT Outpatient Department in a tertiary care centre for a period of 1 year. The clinical presentation, type of FB, incidence in different age groups and management methods were analyzed.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 200 patients aged 2-78 years were evaluated. Age group of under 15 years was most affected (70%). Male to female ratio was 1:1.326. Majority (104 out of 200) presented with a history of FB insertion in the ear while others presented with aural pain and discharge. In 10 cases, ear foreign body was an incidental finding. Most common FB was seeds in children and cotton buds, bird feathers in adults. Most of the cases were managed without anaesthesia with use of headlight. Ear probes were used in 45% cases followed by forceps, suction and syringing in remainder.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Most of the aural foreign bodies can be managed in the outpatient department itself without any anaesthesia under direct vision of headlight with the help of simple instruments without any complications.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>

scholarly journals Association of Metabolic Syndrome Parameters with Kidney Stones in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-98
Author(s):  
La’elatul Fazriyah ◽  
Mahalul Azam ◽  
Indah Septiani ◽  
Yuni Wijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Kidney stone disease is common throughout the world. Elevated prevalence of kidney stones is often associated with metabolic syndrome itself. This study aimed to assess the association between kidney stones and metabolic syndrome parameters in differences gender. This was a cross-sectional study with Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression for data analysis from the secondary data Riskesdas 2013 with 26,063 respondents. Diagnosis of kidney stone based on Riskesdas 2013 interview, metabolic syndrome based on NCEP ATP-III and PERKENI. Result showed that there were 226 (0.9%) diagnosed kidney stones cases by doctors. After adjustment age, central obesity was dominant factor which associated with the risk of kidney stones in male (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.3-2.9; p=0.003) and metabolic syndrome was dominant factor which associated with the risk of kidney stones in female (OR 6.1; 95% CI 3.4-11.3; p<0.001). The conclusion was that metabolic syndrome and central obesity were associated with risk of kidney stones.

scholarly journals Risk factors for open conversion of laparoscopic biliary surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 846
Author(s):  
Asem F. Mohammed ◽  
Moharm A. Abdelshahid ◽  
Mohammed A. Elbalshy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Open Approach ◽  
Surgical Experience ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Biliary Surgery ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Open Conversion ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Male To Female

Background: Conversion rates of laparoscopic to open biliary procedures vary according to different factors such as clinical presentation, co-morbidity, surgical experience and equipment.Methods: A prospective analysis of 464 laparoscopic cholecystectomies (LC) including 88 laparoscopic common bile duct explorations (LCBDE) over a period of 5 years was carried out in Menofia University Hospitals, between December 2012 to December 2017.Results: The male to female ratio in the series was 1:3.4 with a Median±SD age 51±16 years.  158 cases (34%) of all patients were admitted as an emergency including jaundice in 60 cases (13%), acute pancreatitis in 27 cases 6% and acute cholecystitis/empyema in 27 cases (6%). 153 cases (33%) had previous abdominal surgery. LCBDE was done in 88 cases. open conversion was necessary in 6/464 cases (1.3%) over 5 years; with no conversions in the last 2 years (130 cases). converted cases had a Median±SD age 53±17 years and 67% were female.Conclusions: Several risk factors favour conversion from laparoscopic to an open approach in biliary surgeries that has to be identified preoperative to provide a better surgery.

scholarly journals Association of Increased Body Mass Index and Waist to Hip Ratio with Kidney Stone Disease: a prospective analysis of 493,410 UK Biobank participants

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Lovegrove
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Kidney Stone Disease ◽  
University Of Oxford ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nuffield Department ◽  
The Uk

Catherine E Lovegrove1,2 – [email protected] Littlejohns3- [email protected] Allen3- [email protected] A Howles1,4- [email protected] W Turney 1,2- [email protected] 1 Department of Urology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK2 University of Oxford Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK3 University of Oxford Nuffield Department of Public Health, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK4 Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK   Objectives To investigate the relationship between measures of adiposity and risk of incident kidney stone disease. Patients and methods The UK Biobank is a prospective cohort study of ~500,000 participants whose height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist:hip ratio (WHR), total fat mass, fat-free mass, body-fat percentage and percentage truncal fat were measured at enrolment with linkage to medical records. ICD-10 and OPCS codes were used to identify individuals with a new diagnosis of nephrolithiasis from 2006-2010. Individuals with a history of kidney stones or incomplete data were excluded. Multivariate Cox-proportional hazard models were used to assess associations between anthropometric measures and incident kidney stones. Results From the UK Biobank, 493,410 individuals were identified for inclusion; 3,466 developed a kidney stone during the study period. Increasing weight, BMI, waist and hip circumferences, WHR, and body and truncal fat were associated with increased risk of incident kidney stone disease. However, after adjustment for BMI, only waist circumference and WHR remained significantly associated with risk of nephrolithiasis. In overweight patients, high (men 94-102cm, women 80-88cm) waist circumference or WHR (men >0.9, women >0.85) conferred >40% increased risk of stone formation. Conclusion This study indicates that android fat distribution is independently associated with increased risk of developing nephrolithiasis. Kidney stone disease is known to be associated with hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, all of which are linked to android body shape. Our findings provide insight into anthropometric risk factors for stone disease, will facilitate identification of patients at greatest risk of stone recurrence, and will inform prevention strategies.

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