Steps towards a theory of the knowledge-society

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Cerroni
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Sociology Of Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Theory Of Knowledge ◽  
Dimensional Approach ◽  
Communicative Process ◽  
Personal Knowing

During the last decades, knowledge has attracted the greatest attention in a growing number of disciplines, generating a deluge of literature. However, it has yet to become the object of a fully established sociology of knowledge able to fulfil the challenges of present society, often called the knowledge-society. We posit knowledge as a basis on which to model social life, proposing a three-dimensional approach to social reality (i.e., individuals, social aggregates, knowledge). Looking at knowledge as at ‘a cooperative good’ and a communicative process, we then apply the same three dimensions to knowledge itself as a sociological production, ending up with a typology encompassing three knowledge families (intellectual, practical and objectified) and three ways of access (direct personal knowing, indirect social acquaintance, externally recognised and personally introjected acknowledge). Steps towards a theory of knowledge-society are then proposed.

scholarly journals Do facial first impressions reflect a shared social reality?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Sutherland ◽  
Gillian Rhodes ◽  
Nichola Burton ◽  
Andrew Young
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Observer Agreement ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
First Impressions ◽  
Dimensional Approach ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Common Structure ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Individual

Influential facial impression models have repeatedly shown that trustworthiness, youthful-attractiveness and dominance dimensions subserve a wide variety of first impressions formed from strangers’ faces, suggestive of a shared social reality. However, these models are built from impressions aggregated across observers. Critically, recent work has now shown that inter-observer agreement in facial impressions is less than perfect, raising the important question of whether these dimensional models are meaningful at the individual-observer level. We addressed this question using a novel case series approach, building individual models of facial impressions for different observers. Strikingly, three dimensions of trustworthiness, youthful/attractiveness and competence/dominance appeared across the majority of individual observer models, demonstrating that the dimensional approach is indeed meaningful at the individual level. Nonetheless, we also found striking differences in the stability of the competence/dominance dimension across observers. Taken together, results suggest that individual differences in impressions arise in the context of a largely common structure that supports a shared social reality.

A Three-Dimensional Approach to Multistream Migration Modelling: Local-Level Flows in Hereford and Worcester

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1279-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Population Migration ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Dimensional Approach ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Migration System

Population migration occurs for many reasons, or combinations of reasons. Subsequently, it is often useful to distinguish streams of migrants, within a given migration system, which are likely to exhibit similar characteristics in their pattern of search and choice of residential destination. This has often been achieved by using distance cutoffs to delimit the various flows into categories. In this paper, an approach is suggested which does not disaggregate migrant flows by distance criteria alone, but incorporates measures relating to the nature of the origins and of the destinations. Relatively homogeneous groups of migrants are therefore distinguished within the county of Hereford and Worcester with information from three dimensions rather than one. In comparison with a standard single-stream regression model this method improves the fit substantially, and the variability in the resulting parameter estimates for each of the eight streams supports the need for identification of distinct migrant streams. In particular, flows over short distances between wards with high population densities are estimated more effectively.

A Meta-Model for Rehabilitation: Suggestions for a Dimensional Approach

1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Hanoch Livneh
Keyword(s):  
Present Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Dimensional Approach ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Coping Processes ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Points Of View

A model which synthesizes the structure and content' of previously developed models in the field of rehabilitation is suggested. Drawing from Hershenson's three-dimensional model, the present model delineates the following three dimensions: Basic Life-Coping Processes (Perception – sensation;, Cognition; Affect; and Motoric Expression) x Activity Levels (Body-System; Self-System; Interpersonal – Social; and Environmental) x Contexts of Functioning (Physical; Mental; Emotional' and Social). Each of the dimensions is discussed with regard to its major components, reference axes, and underlying psycho-behavioral points of view. Finally, potential applications of the model to several areas within the rehabilitation field are outlined.

scholarly journals Exploring the Betsy Rymes' Three-Dimensional Approach: A Review of Classroom Discourse Analysis: A Tool for Critical Reflection

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ufuk Keles
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Classroom Discourse ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Dimensional Approach ◽  
Classroom Discourse Analysis ◽  
Distinctive Features

This book review examines the 2nd edition of Betsy Rymes' Classroom Discourse Analysis: A Tool for Critical Reflection. It includes an outline of each chapter's content, discusses the several distinctive features of the book, and its possible contribution to educational research from a practitioner's point of view. The book has nine chapters. The first four chapters first introduce the readers to basic concepts of discourse analysis within a three-dimensional approach, and then provides techniques and strategies for recording, viewing, transcribing and analyzing classroom talk through examples, activities, and questions. From Chapter V to VIII, Rymes focuses on particular resources utilized in classroom discourse such as turn taking, contextualization, storytelling and framing. Chapter IX revisits the three dimensions of classroom discourse and discusses how such a perspective may be integrated in teaching practice with an understanding of individual communicative repertoire. Overall, the book is a how-to-book for in-service teachers who would like to resolve issues of communication in their classrooms, and develop their interaction with their students.

convergent-beam diffraction from surfaces

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
J. A. Eades ◽  
A. E. Smith ◽  
D. F. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Reciprocal Lattice ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Plane Figure ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Convergent Beam ◽  
Beam Patterns ◽  
Beam Diffraction

It is quite simple (in the transmission electron microscope) to obtain convergent-beam patterns from the surface of a bulk crystal. The beam is focussed onto the surface at near grazing incidence (figure 1) and if the surface is flat the appropriate pattern is obtained in the diffraction plane (figure 2). Such patterns are potentially valuable for the characterization of surfaces just as normal convergent-beam patterns are valuable for the characterization of crystals.There are, however, several important ways in which reflection diffraction from surfaces differs from the more familiar electron diffraction in transmission.GeometryIn reflection diffraction, because of the surface, it is not possible to describe the specimen as periodic in three dimensions, nor is it possible to associate diffraction with a conventional three-dimensional reciprocal lattice.

Shifting perspectives: method, media and the complex image

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 100-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Colson ◽  
Ross Parry
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Approach ◽  
Complex Image ◽  
Cultural Resonance

This article argues that the analysis of a threedimensional image demanded a three-dimensional approach. The authors realise that discussions of images and image processing inveterately conceptualise representation as being flat, static, and finite. The authors recognise the need for a fresh acuteness to three-dimensionality as a meaningful – although problematic – element of visual sources. Two dramatically different examples are used to expose the shortcomings of an ingrained two-dimensional approach and to facilitate a demonstration of how modern (digital) techniques could sanction new historical/anthropological perspectives on subjects that have become all too familiar. Each example could not be more different in their temporal and geographical location, their cultural resonance, and their historiography. However, in both these visual spectacles meaning is polysemic. It is dependent upon the viewer's spatial relationship to the artifice as well as the spirito-intellectual viewer within the community. The authors postulate that the multi- faceted and multi-layered arrangement of meaning in a complex image could be assessed by working beyond the limitations of the two-dimensional methodological paradigm and by using methods and media that accommodated this type of interconnectivity and representation.

Extension of the Spatial PDI Model to Three Dimensions

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-178
Author(s):  
Frank O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Finite Lattice ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Lower And Upper Bounds ◽  
Density Index ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

The author's population density index ( PDI) model is extended to three-dimensional distributions. A derived formula is presented that allows for the calculation of the lower and upper bounds of density in three-dimensional space for any finite lattice.

scholarly journals Free partition functions and an averaged holographic duality

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Afkhami-Jeddi ◽  
Henry Cohn ◽  
Thomas Hartman ◽  
Amirhossein Tajdini
Keyword(s):  
Partition Function ◽  
Spectral Gap ◽  
Central Charge ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Partition Functions ◽  
General Constraints ◽  
Dimensional Gravity ◽  
Holographic Duality

Abstract We study the torus partition functions of free bosonic CFTs in two dimensions. Integrating over Narain moduli defines an ensemble-averaged free CFT. We calculate the averaged partition function and show that it can be reinterpreted as a sum over topologies in three dimensions. This result leads us to conjecture that an averaged free CFT in two dimensions is holographically dual to an exotic theory of three-dimensional gravity with U(1)c×U(1)c symmetry and a composite boundary graviton. Additionally, for small central charge c, we obtain general constraints on the spectral gap of free CFTs using the spinning modular bootstrap, construct examples of Narain compactifications with a large gap, and find an analytic bootstrap functional corresponding to a single self-dual boson.

Turbulent three-dimensional dielectric electrohydrodynamic convection between two plates

2012 ◽  
Vol 696 ◽  
pp. 228-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kourmatzis ◽  
J. S. Shrimpton
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Turbulent Regime ◽  
Scalar Flux ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scalar Variance

AbstractThe fundamental mechanisms responsible for the creation of electrohydrodynamically driven roll structures in free electroconvection between two plates are analysed with reference to traditional Rayleigh–Bénard convection (RBC). Previously available knowledge limited to two dimensions is extended to three-dimensions, and a wide range of electric Reynolds numbers is analysed, extending into a fully inherently three-dimensional turbulent regime. Results reveal that structures appearing in three-dimensional electrohydrodynamics (EHD) are similar to those observed for RBC, and while two-dimensional EHD results bear some similarities with the three-dimensional results there are distinct differences. Analysis of two-point correlations and integral length scales show that full three-dimensional electroconvection is more chaotic than in two dimensions and this is also noted by qualitatively observing the roll structures that arise for both low (${\mathit{Re}}_{E} = 1$) and high electric Reynolds numbers (up to ${\mathit{Re}}_{E} = 120$). Furthermore, calculations of mean profiles and second-order moments along with energy budgets and spectra have examined the validity of neglecting the fluctuating electric field ${ E}_{i}^{\ensuremath{\prime} } $ in the Reynolds-averaged EHD equations and provide insight into the generation and transport mechanisms of turbulent EHD. Spectral and spatial data clearly indicate how fluctuating energy is transferred from electrical to hydrodynamic forms, on moving through the domain away from the charging electrode. It is shown that ${ E}_{i}^{\ensuremath{\prime} } $ is not negligible close to the walls and terms acting as sources and sinks in the turbulent kinetic energy, turbulent scalar flux and turbulent scalar variance equations are examined. Profiles of hydrodynamic terms in the budgets resemble those in the literature for RBC; however there are terms specific to EHD that are significant, indicating that the transfer of energy in EHD is also attributed to further electrodynamic terms and a strong coupling exists between the charge flux and variance, due to the ionic drift term.

scholarly journals The Everyday Life of Security: Capturing Space, Practice, and Affect

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonna Nyman
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Conceptual Clarity ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Participatory Photography ◽  
High Politics ◽  
Ordinary Citizens

Abstract Security shapes everyday life, but despite a growing literature on everyday security there is no consensus on the meaning of the “everyday.” At the same time, the research methods that dominate the field are designed to study elites and high politics. This paper does two things. First, it brings together and synthesizes the existing literature on everyday security to argue that we should think about the everyday life of security as constituted across three dimensions: space, practice, and affect. Thus, the paper adds conceptual clarity, demonstrating that the everyday life of security is multifaceted and exists in mundane spaces, routine practices, and affective/lived experiences. Second, it works through the methodological implications of a three-dimensional understanding of everyday security. In order to capture all three dimensions and the ways in which they interact, we need to explore different methods. The paper offers one such method, exploring the everyday life of security in contemporary China through a participatory photography project with six ordinary citizens in Beijing. The central contribution of the paper is capturing—conceptually and methodologically—all three dimensions, in order to develop our understanding of the everyday life of security.

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