scholarly journals Comorbid Depression among Untreated Illicit Opiate Users: Results from a Multisite Canadian Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 512-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Cameron Wild ◽  
Nady el-Guebaly ◽  
Benedickt Fischer ◽  
Suzanne Brissette ◽  
Serge Brochu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Comorbid Depression ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Targeted Interventions

Objectives: This study aimed to describe patterns of major depression (MDD) in a cohort of untreated illicit opiate users recruited from 5 Canadian urban centres, identify sociodemographic characteristics of opiate users that predict MDD, and determine whether opiate users suffering from depression exhibit different drug use patterns than do participants without depression. Method: Baseline data were collected from 679 untreated opiate users in Vancouver, Edmonton, Toronto, Montreal, and Quebec City. Using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form for Major Depression, we assessed sociodemographics, drug use, health status, health service use, and depression. We examined depression rates across study sites; logistic regression analyses predicted MDD from demographic information and city. Chi-square analyses were used to compare injection drug use and cocaine or crack use among participants with and without depression. Results: Almost one-half (49.3%) of the sample met the cut-off score for MDD. Being female, white, and living outside Vancouver independently predicted MDD. Opiate users suffering from depression were more likely than users without depression to share injection equipment and paraphernalia and were also more likely to use cocaine ( Ps < 0.05). Conclusions: Comorbid depression is common among untreated opiate users across Canada; targeted interventions are needed for this population.

scholarly journals The Moderating Effects of Coping Strategies on Major Depression in the General Population

2002 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
JianLi Wang ◽  
Scott B Pat ten
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
General Population ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
World Health ◽  
Moderating Effects

Objectives: To evaluate the moderating effects of various coping strategies on the as sociation between stressors and the prevalence of major depression in the general population. Methods: Subjects from the Alberta buy- incomponent of the 1994 –1995 National Population Health Survey (NPHS) were included in the analysis ( n = 1039). Each subject was asked 8 questions about coping strategies that dealt with unexpected stress from family problems and personal crises. Major depression was measured using the World Health Organization's (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form (CIDI- SF) for major depression. The im pacts of coping strategies in relation to psychological stres sors on the prevalence of major depression were de ter mined by examining interactions between coping and life stress on major depression using logistic regression modelling. Results: No robust impact of coping strategies in relation to various categories of stress evaluated in the NPHS was observed. There was evidence that the use of “pray and seek religious help” and “talks to others about the situations” as coping strategies by women moderated the risk of major depression in the presence of financial stress and relation ship stress (with a partner). Using emotional expression as a coping strategy by women might de crease the risk of major depression in the presence of 1 or more re cent life events, personal stress, relationship stress (with a partner), and environmental stress. Conclusion: Different coping strategies may have a differential impact on the prevalence of major depression in specific circumstances. These findings may be important both to prevent and to treat depressive disorders.

scholarly journals Outcome of major depression in Ethiopia

2006 ◽  
Vol 189 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souci Mogga ◽  
Martin Prince ◽  
Atalay Alem ◽  
Derege Kebede ◽  
Robert Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Residual Symptoms ◽  
Depressed Group ◽  
Persistent Depression

BackgroundThe outcome and impact of major depression in developing countries are not clear.AimsTo describe the outcome of major depression and compare the disability and patterns of service use among different outcome groups.MethodIn a case cohort study, nested within a population-based survey of 68 000 participants using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), 300 participants were randomly selected from those with current major depression and 300 from those with no lifetime history. Participants were re-interviewed after 18–62 months to ascertain current diagnosis, psychological symptoms, disability and use of health services.ResultsOf participants with major depression at baseline 26% also met criteria for major depression at follow up. Mortality ratio standardised for age and gender was 3.55 (95% CI 1.97 to 6.39). All indices of measure of disability were significantly higher in the persistently depressed group compared with the completely recovered group. Participants who had recovered partially resembled participants with persistent depression. Two-thirds of those with persistent depression had not sought any help.ConclusionsMajor depression was associated with mortality and disability Those with residual symptoms remained disabled. Help-seeking was unusual.

Spousal resemblance for history of major depressive episode in the previous year

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. LINDEMAN ◽  
J. KAPRIO ◽  
E. ISOMETSÄ ◽  
K. POIKOLAINEN ◽  
M. HEIKKINEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Major Depressive

Background. There is discrepancy in findings on spousal concordance for major depression. Here we report the risk of depression and its determinants in spouses of persons with or without depression, taking into account several known risk factors for major depression.Methods. A random sample of non-institutionalized Finnish individual aged 15–75 years was interviewed in the 1996 National Health Care Survey. The sample included 1708 male–female spouse pairs. Major depressive episode (MDE) during the last 12 months was assessed using the Short Form of the University of Michigan version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (the UM-CIDI Short Form). Risk factors were assessed in the same interview.Results. Factors associating with MDE were spouse's MDE, own alcohol intoxication at least once a week and own chronic medical conditions. In addition, there was a strong association between female's current smoking and male's MDE, independently of other risk factors and spousal MDE. The association of MDE with spouses's MDE was not affected by taking into account other assessed risk factors (own or spouse's).Conclusions. The results indicate elevated spouse concordance for MDE independent of the risk factors assessed in the present study.

scholarly journals Shades of Blue and Gray: A Comparison of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview for Assessment of Depression Syndrome in Later Life

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. e242-e253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linh Dang ◽  
Liming Dong ◽  
Briana Mezuk
Keyword(s):  
Short Form ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ethnicity And Gender ◽  
Design And Methods

Abstract Background and Objectives Psychiatric research lacks the equivalent of a thermometer, that is, a tool that accurately measures mental disorder regardless of context. Instead, the psychometric properties of scales that purport to assess psychopathology must be continuously evaluated. To that end, this study evaluated the diagnostic agreement between the eight-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-8) and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview—short form (CIDI-SF) in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Research Design and Methods Data come from 17,613 respondents aged &gt;50 from the 2014 wave of the HRS. Kappa coefficients were used to assess the agreement between the 2 instruments on depression classification across a range of thresholds for identifying case status, including variation across subgroups defined by age, race/ethnicity, and gender. Results The point prevalence of depression syndrome estimated by the CESD was higher than that estimated by the CIDI-SF (CESD: 9.9%–19.5% depending on the cutoff applied to the CESD vs CIDI-SF: 7.7%). Assuming CIDI-SF as the gold standard, the CESD yielded a sensitivity of 56.2%–70.2% and specificity of 84.7%–94.0% across the range of cutoffs. The agreement on depression classification was weak (κ = 0.32–0.44). Discussion and Implications Depression cases identified by the CESD have poor agreement with those identified by the CIDI-SF. Conceptually, psychological distress as measured by the CESD is not interchangeable with depression syndrome as measured by the CIDI-SF. Population estimates of depression among older adults based on the CESD should be interpreted with caution.

Alcohol Use and Alcohol Use Disorders in Mexico

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Borges ◽  
María Elena Medina-Mora ◽  
Carmen Lara ◽  
Joaquín Zambrano ◽  
Corina Benjet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Low Prevalence

We provide information on prevalence rates of alcohol use and alcohol use disorders, as well as service utilization among persons that present with alcohol abuse or dependence in Mexico. The data were collected in 2001 and 2002 in the Mexican National Comorbidity Survey. The sample design was stratified, using a computerized version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. The response rate was 76.6%, for a total of 5,826 interviews; 86.2% of the population had ever tried alcohol and 43.5% drank in the past 12 months. Lifetime abuse or dependence was reported by 7.6% of the population, and in the past 12 months by 2.0%. Only 30.9% of all respondents with an alcohol use disorder had ever used any treatment service, and then after several years' delay. The low prevalence of service use is a matter of great concern in Mexico. Extension of services, increasing the number of health professionals in this area and more diverse and appropriate treatment programs are urgently needed.

Reliability, validity and factor structure of the GHQ-28 used among elderly Iranians

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Kazem Malakouti ◽  
Paridokht Fatollahi ◽  
Arash Mirabzadeh ◽  
Taher Zandi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Short Form ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Receiver Operating Curve ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Cutoff Score

Background: The object of this study was to develop an Iranian version of the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) for use with elderly subjects.Methods: The GHQ-28 Farsi version was evaluated for face validity among 204 elderly subjects aged 59 years or older, chosen randomly from residents of Tehran. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to establish a gold standard diagnosis of mental disorders.Results: The GHQ-28 was an internally consistent measure. Cronbach's α, split-half coefficients and test-retest reliability were 0.9, 0.89 and 0.58 respectively. Four factors were extracted using factor analysis: “depression,” “psychosocial activity,” “anxiety,” and “somatic.” Using receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis, the optimum cutoff score for the GHQ-28 in this group was 19/20 (sensitivity 0.83, specificity 0.76). Using a loading of 0.6 or greater, a short form of the instrument (GHQ-15) (α = 0.9) was derived and correlated well with the longer form of the scale (r = 0.97). Using ROC analysis, the optimum cutoff score was 10/11 (sensitivity 0.83, specificity 0.69).Conclusions: The short and long forms of the GHQ-28 are suitable screening instruments for elderly Iranian residents, particularly those living in urban areas.

scholarly journals Accuracy of proactive case finding for mental disorders by community informants in Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 207 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. D. Jordans ◽  
Brandon A. Kohrt ◽  
Nagendra P. Luitel ◽  
Ivan H. Komproe ◽  
Crick Lund
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Primary Care Settings

BackgroundAccurate detection of persons in need of mental healthcare is crucial to reduce the treatment gap between psychiatric burden and service use in low- and middle-income (LAMI) countries.AimsTo evaluate the accuracy of a community-based proactive case-finding strategy (Community Informant Detection Tool, CIDT), involving pictorial vignettes, designed to initiate pathways for mental health treatment in primary care settings.MethodCommunity informants using the CIDT identified screen positive (n = 110) and negative persons (n = 85). Participants were then administered the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI).ResultsThe CIDT has a positive predictive value of 0.64 (0.68 for adults only) and a negative predictive value of 0.93 (0.91 for adults only).ConclusionsThe CIDT has promising detection properties for psychiatric caseness. Further research should investigate its potential to increase demand for, and access to, mental health services.

Biopsychosocial correlates of lifetime major depression in a multiple sclerosis population

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott B Patten ◽  
Luanne M Metz ◽  
Marlene A Reimer
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Population ◽  
Additional Data Collection

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the lifetime and point prevalence of major depression in a population-based Multiple Sclerosis (MS) clinic sample, and to describe associations between selected biopsychosocial variables and the prevalence of lifetime major depression in this sample. Subjects who had participated in an earlier study were re-contacted for additional data collection. Eighty-three per cent (n=136) of those eligible consented to participate. Each subject completed the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and an interviewer-administered questionnaire evaluating a series of biopsychosocial variables. The lifetime prevalence of major depression in this sample was 22.8%, somewhat lower than previous estimates in MS clinic populations. Women, those under 35, and those with a family history of major depression had a higher prevalence. Also, subject reporting high levels of stress and heavy ingestion of caffeine (>400 mg) had a higher prevalence of major depression. As this was a cross-sectional analysis, the direction of causal effect for the observed associations could not be determined. By identifying variables that are associated with lifetime major depression, these data generate hypotheses for future prospective studies. Such studies will be needed to further understand the etiology of depressive disorders in MS.

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