Biopsychosocial correlates of lifetime major depression in a multiple sclerosis population

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott B Patten ◽  
Luanne M Metz ◽  
Marlene A Reimer
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Population ◽  
Additional Data Collection

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the lifetime and point prevalence of major depression in a population-based Multiple Sclerosis (MS) clinic sample, and to describe associations between selected biopsychosocial variables and the prevalence of lifetime major depression in this sample. Subjects who had participated in an earlier study were re-contacted for additional data collection. Eighty-three per cent (n=136) of those eligible consented to participate. Each subject completed the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and an interviewer-administered questionnaire evaluating a series of biopsychosocial variables. The lifetime prevalence of major depression in this sample was 22.8%, somewhat lower than previous estimates in MS clinic populations. Women, those under 35, and those with a family history of major depression had a higher prevalence. Also, subject reporting high levels of stress and heavy ingestion of caffeine (>400 mg) had a higher prevalence of major depression. As this was a cross-sectional analysis, the direction of causal effect for the observed associations could not be determined. By identifying variables that are associated with lifetime major depression, these data generate hypotheses for future prospective studies. Such studies will be needed to further understand the etiology of depressive disorders in MS.

scholarly journals The Moderating Effects of Coping Strategies on Major Depression in the General Population

2002 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
JianLi Wang ◽  
Scott B Pat ten
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
General Population ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
World Health ◽  
Moderating Effects

Objectives: To evaluate the moderating effects of various coping strategies on the as sociation between stressors and the prevalence of major depression in the general population. Methods: Subjects from the Alberta buy- incomponent of the 1994 –1995 National Population Health Survey (NPHS) were included in the analysis ( n = 1039). Each subject was asked 8 questions about coping strategies that dealt with unexpected stress from family problems and personal crises. Major depression was measured using the World Health Organization's (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form (CIDI- SF) for major depression. The im pacts of coping strategies in relation to psychological stres sors on the prevalence of major depression were de ter mined by examining interactions between coping and life stress on major depression using logistic regression modelling. Results: No robust impact of coping strategies in relation to various categories of stress evaluated in the NPHS was observed. There was evidence that the use of “pray and seek religious help” and “talks to others about the situations” as coping strategies by women moderated the risk of major depression in the presence of financial stress and relation ship stress (with a partner). Using emotional expression as a coping strategy by women might de crease the risk of major depression in the presence of 1 or more re cent life events, personal stress, relationship stress (with a partner), and environmental stress. Conclusion: Different coping strategies may have a differential impact on the prevalence of major depression in specific circumstances. These findings may be important both to prevent and to treat depressive disorders.

scholarly journals Outcome of major depression in Ethiopia

2006 ◽  
Vol 189 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souci Mogga ◽  
Martin Prince ◽  
Atalay Alem ◽  
Derege Kebede ◽  
Robert Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Residual Symptoms ◽  
Depressed Group ◽  
Persistent Depression

BackgroundThe outcome and impact of major depression in developing countries are not clear.AimsTo describe the outcome of major depression and compare the disability and patterns of service use among different outcome groups.MethodIn a case cohort study, nested within a population-based survey of 68 000 participants using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), 300 participants were randomly selected from those with current major depression and 300 from those with no lifetime history. Participants were re-interviewed after 18–62 months to ascertain current diagnosis, psychological symptoms, disability and use of health services.ResultsOf participants with major depression at baseline 26% also met criteria for major depression at follow up. Mortality ratio standardised for age and gender was 3.55 (95% CI 1.97 to 6.39). All indices of measure of disability were significantly higher in the persistently depressed group compared with the completely recovered group. Participants who had recovered partially resembled participants with persistent depression. Two-thirds of those with persistent depression had not sought any help.ConclusionsMajor depression was associated with mortality and disability Those with residual symptoms remained disabled. Help-seeking was unusual.

Inflammation Mediates Longitudinal Relations Between Common Psychiatric Disorder Severity and Future Executive Function Impairment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Hani Hani Zainal ◽  
Michelle G. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Scar models propose that elevated psychiatric disorder severity predisposes people to future decreased executive function (EF) through heightened inflammation. However, most prior research on this topic has been cross-sectional. We thus investigated if increased Time 1 (T1) common psychiatric disorder severity predicted Time 3 (T3) EF decrement via Time 2 (T2) inflammation in two unique samples. Methods: Community- dwelling adults participated in Study 1 (n = 614) and Study 2 (n = 945). Both studies measured T1 common psychiatric disorder severity (Composite International Diagnostic Interview–Short Form major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and panic disorder severity scales), T2 inflammation (interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen blood concentration), and T3 EF (Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone). Structural equation modeling was conducted. Results: Greater T1 diagnostic severity predicted higher T2 inflammation (after 2 months in Study 1: Cohen’s d = 0.84; following 9 years in Study 2: d = 0.82). Moreover, higher T2 inflammation predicted lower T3 EF (after 18 months in Study 1: d = -1.30; following 9 years in Study 2: d = -1.18), with large effect sizes. Further, the mediation paths were significantly moderate-to-large in Study 1 (d = 0.76) and Study 2 (d = 0.69). Socio-demographic, lifestyle, medication use, and physical health variables did not moderate these mediation models. Conclusions: Inflammation may be a mechanism explaining the T1 common psychiatric disorder severity–T3 EF relation. Treatments that target inflammation and/or anxiety or depressive disorders may prevent some individuals from experiencing EF decline.

Alcohol Consumption and Major Depression in the Canadian Population

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 502-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott B Patten ◽  
Dara A Charney
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Alcohol Ingestion ◽  
Simple Relationship ◽  
Canadian Population ◽  
Statistics Canada

Objective: Various clinical studies have documented associations between alcohol consumption and depressive disorders. In some circumstances, alcohol ingestion may cause or worsen depression, whereas in other circumstances the direction of causal effect may be reversed. The objective of this study was to evaluate associations between alcohol consumption and major depression in the Canadian population. Method: Data from the Canadian National Population Health Survey (NPHS) were analyzed. This survey, conducted by Statistics Canada in 1994, used a probability sample of 17 626 subjects. The NPHS included measures of alcohol ingestion and a diagnostic screen for major depression (Composite International Diagnostic Interview [CIDI] Short Form). Results: Subjects reporting any drinking in the year preceding the interview were more likely to have experienced an episode of major depression during that time than subjects reporting no drinking. Subjects reporting maximal ingestions of 5 or more drinks (and especially 10 or more drinks) on at least 1 occasion during the preceding year were also at greater risk of major depression than nondrinking subjects or subjects reporting smaller maximal ingestions. Neither the average amount consumed daily nor the frequency of drinking was associated with major depression. Conclusions: In the general population, there is no simple relationship between the quantity or frequency of alcohol consumption and the prevalence of major depression. Any drinking and maximal consumption on I occasion, however, are related to the prevalence of major depression. Further research is needed to delineate causal mechanisms so that clinical and public-health interventions can be formulated.

Major Depressive Disorder and Health Care Costs in Multiple Sclerosis

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott B. Patten ◽  
Philip Jacobs ◽  
Ruxandra Petcu ◽  
Marlene A. Reimer ◽  
Luanne M. Metz
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is associated with elevated levels of depressive symptoms and an elevated frequency of depressive disorders. Depressive disorders, in general, are associated with substantial direct and indirect economic costs, and have been shown to increase the costs associated with the management of medical conditions in a variety of clinical settings. However, the impact of depressive disorders on costs associated with MS have not been evaluated. The objective of this study was to evaluate this association. Methods: The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to identify subjects with major depressive disorder in a sample who had earlier been selected for a broader economic evaluation of the costs associated with MS. Costs were measured in two ways: retrospectively (by questionnaire covering a 2-year period) and prospectively (using a 6-month diary). The proportion of subjects reporting any costs and the proportion exceeding various cost thresholds were calculated in subjects with and without lifetime major depression. These proportions were compared using exact statistical tests and confidence intervals. Non-parametric (rank sum) tests were used to compare median costs. Results: Of 136 subjects, 31 had a lifetime history of major depression. MS-related expenses evaluated retrospectively (e.g., house and vehicle alterations and purchases) did not differ depending on major depression status. In the prospective analysis, subjects with lifetime major depression were more likely to purchase vitamins, herbs, and naturopathic remedies ( p < 0.01) and more likely to incur costs associated with utilization of services provided by alternative practitioners ( p = 0.04). Other differences (e.g., in mental health care, medical specialists, general practitioner visits) were not observed. Conclusions: Contrary to expectation, this study did not find increased direct medical costs in persons with comorbid major depressive disorder and multiple sclerosis. Persons with comorbid MS and (lifetime) major depression did not incur greater costs or utilize more services. The Canadian health care system is guided by principles of universality and is publicly funded and administered, however, the lack of an impact of major depression on utilization may reflect limited access to services. The lack of an association between costs and major depression may or may not be generalizable to health care systems in other countries.

Spiritual and religious beliefs as risk factors for the onset of major depression: an international cohort study

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 2109-2120 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Leurent ◽  
I. Nazareth ◽  
J. Bellón-Saameño ◽  
M.-I. Geerlings ◽  
H. Maaroos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Usa

BackgroundSeveral studies have reported weak associations between religious or spiritual belief and psychological health. However, most have been cross-sectional surveys in the USA, limiting inference about generalizability. An international longitudinal study of incidence of major depression gave us the opportunity to investigate this relationship further.MethodData were collected in a prospective cohort study of adult general practice attendees across seven countries. Participants were followed at 6 and 12 months. Spiritual and religious beliefs were assessed using a standardized questionnaire, and DSM-IV diagnosis of major depression was made using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Logistic regression was used to estimate incidence rates and odds ratios (ORs), after multiple imputation of missing data.ResultsThe analyses included 8318 attendees. Of participants reporting a spiritual understanding of life at baseline, 10.5% had an episode of depression in the following year compared to 10.3% of religious participants and 7.0% of the secular group (p < 0.001). However, the findings varied significantly across countries, with the difference being significant only in the UK, where spiritual participants were nearly three times more likely to experience an episode of depression than the secular group [OR 2.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.59–4.68]. The strength of belief also had an effect, with participants with strong belief having twice the risk of participants with weak belief. There was no evidence of religion acting as a buffer to prevent depression after a serious life event.ConclusionsThese results do not support the notion that religious and spiritual life views enhance psychological well-being.

scholarly journals Estimating the Marginal Causal Effect of Fish Consumption during Adolescence on Multiple Sclerosis: A Population-Based Incident Case-Control Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Abdollahpour ◽  
Saharnaz Nedjat ◽  
Mohammad Ali Mansournia ◽  
Mohammad Ali Sahraian ◽  
Jay S. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Incident Case ◽  
Control Study

Major depression in multiple sclerosis: A population-based perspective

Neurology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 1524-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Patten ◽  
C. A. Beck ◽  
J. V.A. Williams ◽  
C. Barbui ◽  
L. M. Metz
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Population Based

Social support and delusional-like experiences: a nationwide population-based study

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Saha ◽  
J. Scott ◽  
D. Varghese ◽  
J. McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
General Population ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Poor Social Support ◽  
Physical Disorders ◽  
The Relationship

Background.Population-based studies have identified that delusional-like experiences (DLEs) are common in the general population. While there is a large literature exploring the relationship between poor social support and risk of mental illness, there is a lack of empirical data examining the association of poor social support and DLEs. The aim of the study was to explore the association between social support and DLEs using a large, nationally representative community sample.Methods.Subjects were drawn from a national multistage probability survey of 8841 adults aged between 16 and 85 years. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to identify DLEs, common psychiatric disorders and physical disorders. Eight questions assessed various aspects of social support with spouse/partners and other family and friends. We examined the relationship between DLEs and social support using logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounding factors.Results.Of the sample, 8.4% (n = 776) positively endorsed one or more DLEs. Individuals who (a) had the least contact with friends, or (b) could not rely on or confide in spouse/partner, family or friends were significantly more likely to endorse DLEs. The associations remained significant after adjusting for a range of potential confounding factors.Conclusions.DLEs are associated with impoverished social support in the general population. While we cannot exclude the possibility that the presence of isolated DLEs results in a reduction of social support, we speculate that poor social support may contribute in a causal fashion to the risk of DLEs.

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