scholarly journals Prediction of Suicidality and Violence in Hospitalized Adolescents: Comparisons by Sex

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 572-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel F Becker ◽  
Carlos M Grilo
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Violence Risk ◽  
Violent Behaviour ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Subjects

Objective: To examine psychological correlates of suicidality and violent behaviour in hospitalized adolescents and the extent to which these associations may be affected by their sex. Method: A sample of 487 psychiatric inpatients (207 male, 280 female), aged 12 to 19 years, completed a battery of psychometrically sound self-report measures of psychological functioning, substance abuse, suicidality, and violent behaviour. We conducted multiple regression analyses to determine the joint and independent predictors of suicide risk and violence risk. In subsequent analyses, we examined these associations separately by sex. Results: Multiple regression analysis revealed that 9 variables (sex, age, hopelessness, self-esteem, depression, impulsivity, alcohol abuse, drug abuse, and violence risk) jointly predicted suicide risk and that an analogous model predicted violence risk. However, we found several differences with respect to which variables made significant independent contributions to these 2 predictive models. Female sex, low self-esteem, depression, drug abuse, and violence risk made independent contributions to suicide risk. Male sex, younger age, hopelessness, impulsivity, drug abuse, and suicide risk made independent contributions to violence risk. We observed a few additional differences when we considered male and female subjects separately. Conclusions: We found overlapping but distinctive patterns of prediction for suicide risk and violence risk, as well as some differences between male and female subjects. These results may reflect distinct psychological and behavioural pathways for suicidality and violence in adolescent psychiatric patients and differing risk factors for each sex. Such differences have potential implications for prevention and treatment programs.

scholarly journals Assessing the Cognitive Contributors to Violence

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Sarah Janes ◽  
Suzanne O'Rourke ◽  
Matthias Schwannauer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Delphi Study ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Community Setting ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Violence Risk ◽  
Neuropsychological Battery ◽  
Violent Behaviour ◽  
Related Factors

In recent years there has been considerable progress in the development, validation and use of violence risk assessments (VRA). Their predictive ability however remains modest and, due to the repetitive use of certain risk factors, collectively, they appear to have hit an allegorical ‘glass ceiling’. Further limiting VRA is the use of self-report, collateral information, and file reviews to assess clinical and risk-related factors, rather than validated performance measures. Correspondingly, converging findings from neuropsychology and neurobiology have underlined brain regions associated with violent behaviour and subsequent research has further demonstrated this through observational studies. Thus, it is hypothesised that VRA may benefit from the integration of behaviourally measured neuropsychological risk factors. The current study is a feasibility and pilot study with a prospective, observational approach and a retrospective component. It aims to investigate the feasibility of using a neuropsychological battery to aid in the identification of violence risk in an inpatient and community setting, and to pilot a neuropsychological battery of measures examining risk factors for violence identified through a meta-analysis and an international Delphi study. The primary outcomes of interest are violent incidents or offences recorded during the 6-month follow-up periods.

Effect of Gender and Mothers Occupation on Adjustment and Self Esteem of Adolescent Subject

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Km. Anshu ◽  
Pushpendra Rao Upadhyay ◽  
Dr. Asha Bhatnagar
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Working Mother ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Indian Adaptation ◽  
Female Subjects

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of gender and mother’s occupation on Adjustment and Self esteem of adolescent subjects. The sample include a total 160 male and female subjects. These subjects were consisted of two group of gender i.e.; 80 girls and 80 boys and each group was further consisted of two groups according to their mother’s occupation working mother’s (80ss) and nonworking mother’s (80ss) i.e.; working mother female (40ss) male (40ss), nonworking mother female (40ss) male (40ss) in this way a 2×2 Factorial design was used in the study. Data was collected with the help of Indian adaptation of Bell’s Adjustment Inventory by Dr.(Smt.) Lalita Sharma, and Self –esteem inventory for adolescence by M. S. Prasad and G. P. Thakur. Obtained data was analysis by means and Anova. Results indicates that these appear to be a significant effect of gender and self esteem in adolescence.

Clinical Features of ADHD: An Assessment of Suicide Risk and Substance Abuse

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S294-S294
Author(s):  
G. Giordano ◽  
G. Falcone ◽  
A. Nardella ◽  
D. Erbuto ◽  
M. Migliorati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Social Impairment ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adhd Symptoms

IntroductionSeveral studies show that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may persist into adulthood, increasing the risk of antisocial behaviour, drug abuse, psychiatric comorbidities, aggressive behaviour, social impairment and suicide risk.ObjectivesAnalyze correlations among ADHD, substances abuse, alcoholism and suicide risk.AimThe aim of our study is to better understand the clinical features of ADHD during adulthood.MethodsWe analyzed the presence of ADHD symptoms, suicide risk and levels of hopelessness, alcoholism and substance abuse in a sample of 50 (40% males) in/outpatients of S. Andrea Hospital in Rome, between February and May 2016. We administered the following scales: Adult-Self Report Scale (ASRS), Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST), Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST).ResultsIn our sample of 50 adult patients, 20% had ADHD symptoms (10 subjects). We found that those with ADHD showed more frequently death desires (85.7%; χ2 = 1.31; P = 0.25) and higher levels of hopelessness (66.7%; χ2 = 0.83; P = =0.36) if compared to subjects without ADHD symptoms (respectively 63% and 45.8%). In the overall group of ADHD patients, 10% showed severe alcoholism, 20% (χ2 = 1.39; P = 0.49) had a borderline behavior, whereas 40% presented a substance abuse (χ2 = 1.75; P = 0.18).ConclusionsADHD may represent a psychiatric disorder with an increased suicide risk. It would be important to screen for suicidality and comorbid symptoms routinely in ADHD in order to improve the treatment of the patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

A Tape Striation Counting Method for Determining Fundamental Frequency

1979 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter B. Mueller ◽  
Marla Adams ◽  
Jean Baehr-Rouse ◽  
Debbie Boos
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Counting Method ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Fundamental Frequencies ◽  
Counting Procedure ◽  
Female Subjects

Mean fundamental frequencies of male and female subjects obtained with FLORIDA I and a tape striation counting procedure were compared. The fundamental frequencies obtained with these two methods were similar and it appears that the tape striation counting procedure is a viable, simple, and inexpensive alternative to more costly and complicated procedures and instrumentation.

Ethical Issues Relevant to the Assessment of Suicide Risk in Nonclinical Research Settings

Crisis ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn M. Wilson ◽  
Bruce K. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Conducting Research

Background: Our laboratory recently confronted this issue while conducting research with undergraduate students at the University of Waterloo (UW). Although our main objective was to examine cognitive and genetic features of individuals with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD), the study protocol also entailed the completion of various self-report measures to identify participants deemed at increased risk for suicide. Aims and Methods: This paper seeks to review and discuss the relevant ethical guidelines and legislation that bear upon a psychologist’s obligation to further assess and intervene when research participants reveal that they are at increased risk for suicide. Results and Conclusions: In the current paper we argue that psychologists are ethically impelled to assess and appropriately intervene in cases of suicide risk, even when such risk is revealed within a research context. We also discuss how any such obligation may potentially be modulated by the research participant’s expectations of the role of a psychologist, within such a context. Although the focus of the current paper is on the ethical obligations of psychologists, specifically those practicing within Canada, the relevance of this paper extends to all regulated health professionals conducting research in nonclinical settings.

Promoting the Community's Ability to Detect and Respond to Suicide Risk Through an Online Bystander Intervention Model-Informed Tool

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Karien Hill ◽  
Shawn Somerset ◽  
Ralf Schwarzer ◽  
Carina Chan
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Bystander Intervention ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intervention Model ◽  
Standard Material

Abstract. Background: The public health sector has advocated for more innovative, technology-based, suicide prevention education for the community, to improve their ability to detect and respond to suicide risk. Emerging evidence suggests addressing the bystander effect through the Bystander Intervention Model (BIM) in education material may have potential for suicide prevention. Aims: The current study aimed to assess whether BIM-informed tools can lead to improved readiness, confidence and intent in the community to detect and respond to suicide risk in others. Method: A sample of 281 adults recruited from the community participated in a randomized controlled trial comprising a factsheet designed according to the BIM (intervention group) and a standard factsheet about suicide and mental health (control group). Participants' self-reported detecting and responding to suicide risk readiness, confidence, and intent when presented with a suicidal peer was tested pre- and postintervention and compared across time and between groups. Results: The intervention group had significantly higher levels of detecting and responding to suicide risk readiness, confidence, and intent than the control group at postintervention (all p < .001) with moderate-to-large effect sizes. Limitations: The study was limited by a homogenous sample, too low numbers at follow-up to report, and self-report data only. Conclusion: This study demonstrates BIM-informed suicide prevention training may enhance the community's intervention readiness, confidence, and intent better than current standard material. Further testing in this area is recommended. While results were statistically significant, clinical significance requires further exploration.

The Relationship of Compliance with Coping Strategies and Self-Esteem

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisli H. Gudjonsson ◽  
Jon Fridrik Sigurdsson
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Summary: The Gudjonsson Compliance Scale (GCS), the COPE Scale, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were administered to 212 men and 212 women. Multiple regression of the test scores showed that low self-esteem and denial coping were the best predictors of compliance in both men and women. Significant sex differences emerged on all three scales, with women having lower self-esteem than men, being more compliant, and using different coping strategies when confronted with a stressful situation. The sex difference in compliance was mediated by differences in self-esteem between men and women.

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