scholarly journals The Effects on the Family of the Presence of a Mentally Retarded Child

1972 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Fotheringham ◽  
Mora Skelton ◽  
B.A. Hoddinott
Keyword(s):  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Retarded Child ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Local Association ◽  
Adoptive Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Major Shift ◽  
Set Up

This study conceptualizes the presence of a retarded child within a family as constituting a stress which the family attempts to cope with by bringing its resources to bear on the problem. If the stress proves too great for the family's coping mechanism institutionalization may be sought. The Institutional Sample families did not appreciably improve over the year following the removal of their child; while the Community Sample showed signs of deterioration, particularly in the areas of sibling functioning. The follow-up findings could be interpreted in two ways to support alternate biases with regard to hospitalization. Those who are generally against institutionalization for the retarded, believing that young children should remain in their own homes if possible, may view the lack of improvement in the functioning of the institutional families after the child was removed as an indication that these families should be encouraged to remain intact. In order to achieve this goal every effort would need to be made to strengthen, shore up and assist these families to cope with their retarded member or, where necessary, to supply the child with a new home (a foster or adoptive family). Those who generally favour institutionalization for the retarded may interpret the evidence of the decreased functioning of the community families who kept their child at home as supporting the need for the wholesale hospitalization of retarded persons. This was advocated by Goddard in his study of the Kallikaks (10). In the former approach the focus is on the welfare of the retarded child and in the latter the emphasis is on the welfare of the family and society. Is it not possible to stop playing ‘either/or’ and consider both? There are frequent occasions when a child needs to be separated from his family for their benefit or his and where an alternate family (foster or adoptive) cannot be found. Must the choice be between forcing the family to keep him and allowing the family functioning to deteriorate, or removing the child to a large impersonal institution? Lorimer Lodge, which has cared for young retarded women for over a hundred years and also the Harold Lawson Residence for trainable retarded children aged 6–12 years (both operated by the Metropolitan Toronto Association for the Mentally Retarded), the work of Jean Vanier in France and Glen Lowther in Winnipeg on community homes for retarded adults all demonstrate viable alternatives to institutionalization. It is becoming imperative that more adequate and humane alternatives be found than the present impersonal and huge institutions for those retarded persons who require, or could benefit from, an out-of-home living arrangement. This will require a major shift in emphasis, planning and responsibility. At present in Ontario the local Association for the Mentally Retarded is the main moving force in the building of community residences. Considering the magnitude of the need, progress has been slow and such agencies as the Children's Aid Society need to set up residences, possibly in conjunction with the local Association for the Mentally Retarded. This study may be interpreted as supporting the contention that to have a retarded child in the home is an added stress on the family. Follow-up of families who responded to this stress by institutionalizing their retarded children suggests that in many instances this is not the ideal answer to the problem for the family or for the child, but that a more complex variety of solutions is needed.

scholarly journals Verpleging van die geestesvertraagde kind in die gemeenskap

Curationis ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.J. Moolman
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Retarded Child ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Care Plan ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Multi Disciplinary Team

There is a shift in emphasis in nursing care of the mentally retarded child in the community. Firstly, the child must be identified and then his condition is evaluated, usually by a multi-disciplinary team. A decision must then be made whether the child will be cared for in the community. The nurse assists the parent or guardian in training for independence which includes self-care, use of toilet, personal hygiene, and dressing. Training in various perceptual and motor skills are also included in the nursing care plan. The nurse makes follow-up visits to evaluate progress and adapts the nursing care plan as necessary. She also has an important role in encouraging and guiding the parents. Nursing the mentally retarded child in the community requires specialised knowledge — and a lot of love.

Aversive Control of Bruxism in a Mentally Retarded Child: A Case Study

1981 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 815-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack J. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Retarded Child ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Aversive Control

Reduction of audible bruxing by an 8-yr.-old, non-verbal boy was effected from baseline (5 days) in 17 days of treatment at school (a contingent verbal No accompanied by the teacher's finger to the child's jaw). Reduction continued at a 3-wk. follow-up and generalized to the home.

Athletic Activities for Children Who Are Mentally Retarded

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-377
Author(s):  
Melvin L. Thornton ◽  
Eugene F. Diamond ◽  
John P. Garvin ◽  
John C. Heffelfinger ◽  
John H. Kennell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retarded Child ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Mental Development ◽  
Athletic Activity ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
The Family ◽  
Athletic Activities ◽  
Limited Opportunity ◽  
Mentally Retarded Children ◽  
Type Of Exercise

Recreation and athletic activity are important for all children, regardless of their mental capacity. A physician's recommendation about athletic activity for mentally retarded children, as is true with other children, must take into account differences in size, coordination, degree of physical fitness, and physical health. The stage of maturation, the level of mental development, and the emotional stability of the child are all important considerations when organizing activities for children who are mentally retarded. Children with average mental development usually have multiple opportunities for athletic activities and recreation without special planning. In contrast, there is a tendency for parents and children in most communities to exclude the mentally retarded child so he completely lacks the type of exercise and personal experiences he needs. Children who are mentally retarded frequently are not physically fit, have poor coordination, and are obese. These conditions become progressively more severe as the retarded child grows older, partly as a result of limited opportunity for athletic activity. The majority of mentally retarded children can and should participate safely and productively in athletic activities when appropriate supervision is provided. Parents of children who are mentally retarded are often confused and uncertain about what to expect from their child. Some tend to restrict their youngsters from physical activities, and others may push their children at too rapid a pace. However, most parents are anxious for guidance to help determine what is best for their child. The pediatrician is in a unique position to advise these parents because he is likely to know the family and to know the emotional and personal needs of the child and his physical capabilities.

Effect of Mentally Retarded Children on their Non Retarded Female Siblings (12-18 years)

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Attiya Inam ◽  
Andleeb Zehra
Keyword(s):  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Retarded Child ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
The Family ◽  
Good Internal Consistency ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mentally Retarded Children ◽  
Special Children ◽  
Scale Data

This study was an effort to find out the effect of mentally retarded children on their non retarded female siblings (12-18 yrs. Of age) in terms of their relationship with parents, social adjustment and future concerns. Study was carried out at Amin Maktab i.e. institute for special children. Sample of 30 female siblings (12-18 yrs. of age) of 30 mild to moderate mentally retarded children was selected and interview schedule was prepared for themthat consisted of thirty six statements and responses were collected on five point Likert scale. Its reliability was calculated as 0.825, indicating good internal consistency for this scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics as percentage, mean and standard deviation while independent samples t-test, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation were also applied to compare the mean scores. Results reveal that female siblings face problems regarding their relationship with parents and social adjustment and have more future concerns due to the presence of mentally retarded child in the family. Younger siblings of mentally retarded children were found to be having more problems in their social adjustment than the elder siblings of mentally retarded children. Positive relationship was found between social adjustment and future concerns of the respondents.   Keywords - mentally retarded children, siblings, social adjustment, future concerns, relationship with parents

scholarly journals Peningkatan Interaksi Ibu dan Anak Retardasi Mental melalui Pelatihan Bermain Pura-Pura

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Suci Fithriya ◽  
Sri Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Retarded Child ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Test Control

This study aimed to prove the influence of training of playing pretense game in increasing mother’s interaction with her mentally-retarded child. There were eight mothers who have under-five-year children with mental retardation participating in the research. They were randomly chosen. The research design used pre-test and post-test control group. Four mothers belonged to the control group and the other four to the treatment group. The training of playing pretense game with children was conducted in four stages. The first and second stages were done in group while the third and fourth were individual. Mother and child interaction scale was used to measure the differences of the interaction before and after the training. The follow-up research was done thirteen days after the training. The results showed the pretense game played by a mother and her mentally-retarded child can make their interaction become more meaningful. Keywords: mother and mentally-retarded child interaction, pretense game training

scholarly journals Pengalaman Keluarga dan Nilai Anak Tunagrahita: Metode Penelitian Kualitatif dalam Perseptif Keperawatan

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Achir Yani S Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Retarded Child ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Early Intervention Program ◽  
God's Will ◽  
The Family ◽  
Special Children

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab pertanyaan tentang bagaimana pengalaman dan nilai anak tunagrahita yang dipersepsikan oleh ibu. Desain penelitian deskriptif eksploratif dengan metode penelitian kualitatif digunakan untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian. Seratus tiga puluh enam orang ibu yang mempunyai anak tunagrahita telah dipilih secara purposive dan acak untuk memberikan data kualitatif tentang nilai anak tunagrahita yang dipersepsikan ibu, serta sebelah orang ibu dipilih juga secara acak dari 136 sampel tersebut untuk memperoleh informasi tentang pengalaman ibu.Melalui analisis isi teridentifikasi beberapa tema yang merupakan jastifikasi terjadinya tunagrahita, yaitu keinginan Tuhan, hukuman Tuhan dan keturunan. Respons psikologik yang dipersepsikan ibu meliputi syok, denial, marah, depresi dan penerimaan. Kekhawatiran ibu tentang masa depan anak, stigma yang meleket pada anak dan keluarga selalu mengikuti perjalanan hidup keluarga, sementara ibu tetap berupaya mencari alasan mengapa mereka mempunyai anak tunagrahita. Data tentang pengalaman orang tua mempunyai anak tungrahita diklasifikasikan dan diuraikan dalam empat kategori, yaitu pengalaman awal mengasuh anak tunagrahita, pengalaman tanpa akhir, dampak tunagrahita terhadap keluarga dan kekhawatiran utama terhadap anak tunagrahita.Implikasi untuk keperawatan adalah: 1) kebutuhan untuk memberikan informasi sedini mungkin kepada keluarga tentang antisipasi kelainan yang dialami anak; 2) pengembangan program intervensi krisis kepada keluarga; 3) pengembangan program intervensi dini bagi anak tunagrahita; dan 4) pelatihan untuk orang tua. The purpose of this study was to answer the research question how is the experience and value of mentally retarded child as perceived mothers. This descriptive exploratory research design with the qualitative research method were used to answer research question. One hundred thirty-six mothers were purposively and randomly selected to give qualitative data about parent’s value of mental retardation, and eleven of 136 mothers were randomly selected to share their experiences on having a mentally retarded child.The content analysis revealed several themes on mothers justification of having a mentally retarded child, God’s will, God’s punishment, heritage from family. Psychological responses as expressed by mothers identifies as shock, denial, anger, depression, and acceptance. The mothers concern were also emerged : concern about the child future, stigma and searching for reason. Qualitative data on mothers experiences was describe into four categories: 1) the need for providing early information to the family concerning the anticipated disability of the children; 2) development of crisis intervention program for the families; 3) development of early intervention program for the special children; and 4) parenrs training.

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