Cost analysis of plastic solid waste recycling in an urban district in Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 906-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayten Genc ◽  
Ozgur Zeydan ◽  
Selin Sarac
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Cost Evaluation ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Plastic Recycling ◽  
Plastic Wastes

The usage of plastics has exponentially increased in our daily lives over the past 50 years because of its durability, low costs and potential for diverse applications, such as widespread use as disposable items. In this study, first, the recycling cost of plastic wastes has been estimated by using actual data taken from a recycling centre, where plastic solid wastes were collected separately. The total amount of plastic wastes recycled at the centre was approximately 695 tonnes. The operating cost of plastics separation at the recycling centre, the transport of plastic wastes, labouring, maintenance, electricity, insurance and chemical costs were taken into consideration in the cost evaluation. Accordingly, the unit cost of recycling was calculated as US$0.40 kg−1 of plastic waste. This cost was compared with the predicted plastic recycling cost in the same region using statistical values. The predicted recycling cost was estimated based on assuming segregated collection by the municipalities of all PSW in municipal solid waste. Then the resulting unit cost of recycling was found to be US$0.25 kg−1 of plastic waste. In addition, the recycling costs were also evaluated including the revenue from the sales of recycled plastic granular. According to the evaluated total cost of plastic recycling, it can be concluded that mechanical recycling of plastics can only be an economical option if the recovery of plastics is improved.

scholarly journals Application of Plastic Wastes in Construction Materials: A Review Using the Concept of Life-Cycle Assessment in the Context of Recent Research for Future Perspectives

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3549
Author(s):  
Tulane Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Afonso Rangel Garcez de Azevedo ◽  
Daiane Cecchin ◽  
Markssuel Teixeira Marvila ◽  
Mugahed Amran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Plastic Wastes ◽  
Solid Waste Generation ◽  
Alternative Processes

The urbanization process contributes to the growth of solid waste generation and causes an increase in environmental impacts and failures in the management of solid waste. The number of dumps is a concern due to the limited implementation and safe disposal of this waste. The interest in sustainable techniques has been growing in relation to waste management, which is largely absorbed by the civil construction sector. This work aimed to review plastic waste, especially polyethylene terephthalate (PET), that can be incorporated with construction materials, such as concrete, mortars, asphalt mixtures, and paving. The use of life-cycle assessment (LCA) is related, as a tool that allows the sustainability of products and processes to be enhanced in the long term. After analyzing the recent literature, it was identified that studies related to plastic wastes in construction materials concentrate sustainability around the alternative destination of waste. Since the plastic waste from different production chains are obtained, it was possible to affirm the need for a broader assessment, such as the LCA, providing greater quantification of data making the alternative processes and products more sustainable. The study contributes to enhance sustainability in alternative building materials through LCA.

scholarly journals Pyro-Oil and Wax Recovery from Reclaimed Plastic Waste in a Continuous Auger Pyrolysis Reactor

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sultan Majed Al-Salem ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Jiawei Wang ◽  
Gary Anthony Leeke
Keyword(s):  
Product Distribution ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Densification Process ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Plastic Recycling ◽  
Plastic Wastes ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Pyrolysis Reactor

The increasing global waste plastic pollution is urging people to take immediate actions on effective plastic recycling and processing. In this work, we report the results of processing reclaimed plastic wastes from unsanitary landfill site in Kuwait by using a bench scale continuous auger pyrolysis system. The plastic feedstock was characterised. After a simple thermal densification process, the material was fed to the pyrolysis system at 500 °C. The pyro-oil and wax products were collected and characterised. The process mass balance was developed on dry basis, and the yields of pyro-oil, light wax, heavy wax and gases were 5.5, 23.8, 69.4 and 1.3 wt%, respectively. The findings have indicated that the reclamation of plastic waste from landfill was feasible in terms of the product distribution and characteristics. Further liquid analysis confirmed that the liquid products contained fractions that are comparable to petrol and diesel fuels. The wax products are viable and have potential application as coating, covering and lubrication.

scholarly journals Efficient Plastic Recycling and Remolding Circular Economy Using the Technology of Trust–Blockchain

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9142
Author(s):  
Swikriti Khadke ◽  
Pragya Gupta ◽  
Shanmukh Rachakunta ◽  
Chandreswar Mahata ◽  
Suma Dawn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Degradation Behavior ◽  
Multiple Stakeholders ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
Plastic Recycling ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Plastic Waste Recycling

Global plastic waste is increasing rapidly. In general, densely populated regions generate tons of plastic waste daily, which is sometimes disposed of on land or diverged to sea. Most of the plastics created in the form of waste have complex degradation behavior and are non-biodegradable by nature. These remain intact in the environment for a long time span and potentially originate complications within terrestrial and marine life ecosystems. The strategic management of plastic waste and recycling can preserve environmental species and associated costs. The key contribution in this work focuses on ongoing efforts to utilize plastic waste by introducing blockchain during plastic waste recycling. It is proposed that the efficiency of plastic recycling can be improved enormously by using the blockchain phenomenon. Automation for the segregation and collection of plastic waste can effectively establish a globally recognizable tool using blockchain-based applications. Collection and sorting of plastic recycling are feasible by keeping track of plastic with unique codes or digital badges throughout the supply chain. This approach can support a collaborative digital consortium for efficient plastic waste management, which can bring together multiple stakeholders, plastic manufacturers, government entities, retailers, suppliers, waste collectors, and recyclers.

scholarly journals Household plastic waste habits and attitudes: A pilot study in the city of Valencia

2021 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2199641
Author(s):  
Isabelle Roche Cerasi ◽  
Francisco V Sánchez ◽  
Iris Gallardo ◽  
Miguel Á Górriz ◽  
Paula Torrijos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Recycling Rate ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Plastic Recycling ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Responsible Consumption ◽  
Pilot Implementation ◽  
The City

Bearing in mind that only 42% of plastic packaging post-consumer waste is recycled in Europe, the European Directive 2018/852 established the key target of a 55% plastic packaging waste recycling rate by 2030. For this reason, PlastiCircle, funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program project, aims to foster the recycling of packaging, improve all stages of the waste collection, and promote responsible consumption. Three European cities have been selected as locations for pilot implementation: Valencia (Spain), Utrecht (The Netherlands) and Alba Iulia (Romania). The main objective of the present study has been to evaluate the participants’ opinion and attitudes on plastic recycling. This paper presents the results from the district of San Marcelino in the city of Valencia, the first PlastiCircle pilot to face the challenges of encouraging households to participate more in plastic waste sorting and recycling.

scholarly journals SELECTIVE COLLECTION AND RECYCLING OF SOLID WASTE CASE STUDY: RECYCLING OF SOLID WASTE IN HULENE KA-MAHOTA DISTRICT

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
Jose Manuel ElijaGuamba ◽  
Arnaldo AmericoTembe
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Plastic Recycling ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
Selective Collection

The waste collected daily from household and businesses entities can be utilized for various objectives, serving as raw material for business and other most appropriate purposes. You can, for example, recycle plastic, produce compost and energy, recovering the economic value of such waste. Waste  recycling generates jobs and income, reduces the amount of natural resources needed for a new product  and also decreases the need to occupy (and pollute) space to deposit materials that have served only once their socio-economic function. And what you can't recycle always has another proper disposal, as a principle which is basic in the concept of sustainable development: Do not transfer the solution of the problem for future generations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the panorama of the selective collection of household waste from the case study of plastic recycling in the neighborhood of Hulene Dump side, at municipality of Maputo. The methodology used in this research was the bibliographical and documentary analysis, as well as semi-structured qualitative interviews with: representative of Municipal Department of Waste Management, Health and Water Supply in the Maputo municipality; administrative coordinators of four organizations studied (RECICLA and FERTILIZA cooperatives, AMOR and PAGALATA associations). Additionally, technical visits were carried out with written and photographic records, interviews to members of the RECICLA cooperative.

A Preliminary Study on Recyclability of Mixed Plastic Wastes Recovered from Urban Collection

2021 ◽  
Vol 885 ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Raffaella Ferraioli ◽  
Loredana Incarnato ◽  
Luciano Di Maio ◽  
Paola Scarfato
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Melt Processing ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Single Screw Extruder ◽  
Plastic Wastes ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Recycled Plastics

The management of post-consumer plastic waste (PCPW) is a real challenging issue due to difficulties in effectively identifying and sorting the collected plastics and in their mechanical recycling. Indeed, mechanically recycled post-consumer plastic waste usually shows poor performances compared to virgin materials, due to incompatibility between constituents, presence of degraded materials, hygroscopicity and bad odors. Compatibilizers and nanoparticles can help to improve recycled plastics quality, but to be chosen and dosed properly they require an in-depth knowledge and characterization of the raw waste. In this study, an analysis of polymeric materials obtained from the separation and mechanical recycling of post-consumer plastic wastes from urban collection as pellets (UPW) is reported. In particular, the experimental characterization was carried out in order to identify UPW composition, water content, physical-chemical properties and processability. It was found that UPW samples are mainly constituted of polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) in equal parts. UPW was submitted to a melt processing operation, using a lab-scale single-screw extruder, obtaining ribbons that were completely characterized. With the aim to investigate the effect of water content on the recycled material processability and performance, the recycling process was carried out both on undried and dried UPW pellets.

scholarly journals Deep learning redesign of PETase for practical PET degrading applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyuan Lu ◽  
Daniel J. Diaz ◽  
Natalie J. Czarnecki ◽  
Congzhi Zhu ◽  
Wantae Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Hydrolytic Activity ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Plastic Recycling ◽  
Ph Tolerance ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Deep Learning Algorithm ◽  
Plastic Waste Recycling

AbstractPlastic waste poses an ecological challenge1. While current plastic waste management largely relies on unsustainable, energy-intensive, or even hazardous physicochemical and mechanical processes, enzymatic degradation offers a green and sustainable route for plastic waste recycling2. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) has been extensively used in packaging and for the manufacture of fabrics and single-used containers, accounting for 12% of global solid waste3. The practical application of PET hydrolases has been hampered by their lack of robustness and the requirement for high processing temperatures. Here, we use a structure-based, deep learning algorithm to engineer an extremely robust and highly active PET hydrolase. Our best resulting mutant (FAST-PETase: Functional, Active, Stable, and Tolerant PETase) exhibits superior PET-hydrolytic activity relative to both wild-type and engineered alternatives, (including a leaf-branch compost cutinase and its mutant4) and possesses enhanced thermostability and pH tolerance. We demonstrate that whole, untreated, post-consumer PET from 51 different plastic products can all be completely degraded by FAST-PETase within one week, and in as little as 24 hours at 50 °C. Finally, we demonstrate two paths for closed-loop PET recycling and valorization. First, we re-synthesize virgin PET from the monomers recovered after enzymatic depolymerization. Second, we enable in situ microbially-enabled valorization using a Pseudomonas strain together with FAST-PETase to degrade PET and utilize the evolved monomers as a carbon source for growth and polyhydroxyalkanoate production. Collectively, our results demonstrate the substantial improvements enabled by deep learning and a viable route for enzymatic plastic recycling at the industrial scale.

scholarly journals RECYCLING AND PYROLYSIS OF WASTE PLASTICS

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (9SE) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Amrita Khatri
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Technological Solution ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Mount Everest ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Vast Amount ◽  
Plastic Wastes

Plastic has achieved such an extensive market due to fact that it is lightweight, cheap, flexible and reusable. But now it is regarded as a serious hazard. All recommendation for and against plastics finally land up on the reality that plastics are slow to degrade. By the end of the 20th century, plastics are found as persistent polluters of many environmental niches, from Mount Everest to the bottom of the sea. There are numerous ways by which plastic pollution can be controlled.  Pyrolysis is referred to as polymer cracking and its main advantages are that it can deal with plastic waste .This paper provides an overview of the science and technology of pyrolysis of waste plastics. The major advantage of the pyrolysis technology is its ability to handle unsorted, unwashed plastic. The production of gasoline, kerosene and diesel from waste plastics is an emerging technological solution to the vast amount of plastics that cannot be economically recovered by conventional mechanical recycling. The disposal and decomposition of plastics has been an issue which has caused a number of research works to be carried out in this regard. Currently, the paper reviews the production of Petroleum-based fuel viz. gasoline, kerosene and diesel from recycling of waste plastics is an emerging technological solution to the vast amount of plastic wastes that cannot be economically recovered by conventional mechanical recycling operations. This involves the use of pyrolysis which permits recovery of valuable gasoline and diesel-range hydrocarbons from waste plastics that are otherwise land filled.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF PLASTIC WASTE RECYCLING METHODS

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
Evgeniіa Mykhailova ◽  
Dmytro Deineka ◽  
Hanna Pancheva
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Chemical Recycling ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Secondary Raw Materials ◽  
Plastic Waste Recycling

Methods of plastic waste management, the amount of which is constantly growing due to the high demand for polymer products with high performance properties, are considered. The urgency of the problem is explained by longevity of plastic, which, once in the environment, gradually degrades with the formation of substances dangerous to living organisms. The most common ways of plastic waste management are its storage on specially designated land plots or incineration with / without getting heat. Each of these methods has certain disadvantages, which necessitates the introduction of other measures. Recycling of plastic waste into secondary raw materials, energy or products with certain consumer properties can be the promising method of plastic waste management from ecological and economic points of view. The purpose of this work is to analyze the methods of plastic waste recycling, to establish their advantages and disadvantages, to determine the optimal ways for the disposal of polymeric materials with different properties. Two main groups of polymer recycling methods: physical and chemical, are considered. Physical method includes mechanical recycling, which is based on the physical grinding of plastic waste to obtain secondary raw materials without significant changes in the chemical structure of the material. This process is quite simple in terms of technical design, but requires careful sorting and cleaning of waste, and has limitations on the reuse of recycled material. Chemical recycling takes place through the processes of solvolysis (hydrolysis, glycolysis, alcoholysis) and conversion (pyrolysis, gasification). In this case, the plastic waste decomposes into the original molecules – monomers, from which it is possible to get a polymer product with the same properties. Chemical methods allow disposing of unsorted and contaminated polymeric materials many times without losing their quality. Thus, the introduction of the described methods will reduce the amount of plastic waste, turn them into valuable secondary raw materials and reduce using of natural resources used to obtain primary plastic materials.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment and Energy Efficiency from Industry of Plastic Waste Recycling

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 06015
Author(s):  
Vita Rosmiati ◽  
Hadiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Recycling Industry ◽  
Plastic Recycling ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Plastic Waste Recycling ◽  
Plastic Pellets

The high use of plastic products is currently causing uncontrolled accumulation of plastic waste so that an effort is needed to minimize the negative impacts caused to the environment. One of the appropriate efforts in processing plastic waste is recycling to produce a variety of useful products. Each stage of the process in managing plastic waste recycling starts from collecting raw materials to producing a new product for consumers requiring energy that can be calculated and analyzed for their impact on the environment using the LCA method. From this study can be concluded that the plastic recycling industry as one of the efforts in reducing the generation of plastic waste to the environment consists of 3 (three) main stages, namely the stages of enumeration, the distribution of raw materials and the stages of production of plastic pellets. The environmental burden analyzed includes the production process of recycling plastic waste to produce an output in the form of 1 ton of plastic where the total GHG emissions generated are 2.36E + 03 kg CO2 eq, with details of the potential contribution to global warming of 1.30E + 02 kg CO2 eq at the stage enumeration, 3.52E + 01 kg CO2 eq at the distribution stage and 2.15E + 00 kg CO2 eq at the plastic pellets production stage. The efficiency of plastic seed products in this study showed a good result, where the NEV and NER values of the recycled plastic pellets products were 39664.1 MJ and 2.11 MJ.

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