Catalytic pyrolysis of agricultural and forestry wastes in a fixed-bed reactor using K2CO3 as the catalyst

Catalytic pyrolysis of three different agricultural and forestry wastes (pinewood, peanut shell, rice straw) was performed in a fixed-bed reactor heated slowly under a stream of purging argon in the temperature range from 300 °C to 700 °C using K2CO3 as the catalyst. The aim of this study is to investigate the gaseous, liquid, and solid products derived from three different biomasses, and to ascertain the effects of K2CO3 on the pyrolysis behaviours. The products’ yields correlated with the composition of the biomasses and the addition of catalyst in the biomasses. The addition of K2CO3 described a strong catalysis in all three phases of the products: The liquid yield decreased obviously in contrast to the increase in gas yield. The liquid yields of pinewood and peanut shell demonstrated a remarkable decrease, while that of rice straw demonstrated the least decrease owing to a significant difference between the fibre composition of rice straw and those of the other two biomasses. This catalytic pyrolysis procedure was observed to produce low yields of liquid that contained high proportions of ketones and phenols, with minor acids, aldehydes, and furans. Among the three, the phenols of rice straw indicated the most obvious increase, while guaiacols decreased significantly, indicating that K2CO3 facilitated the secondary decomposition of guaiacols. Generally, for K2CO3 catalyst, the order of catalytic effect was pinewood > peanut shell > rice straw.

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Study of Catalytic Pyrolysis of Chlorella with γ-Al2O3 Catalyst

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.873.562 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 873 ◽

pp. 562-566 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Juan Liu ◽

Xia Li ◽

Qing Jie Guo

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Molecular Sieve ◽

Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Fixed Bed Reactor ◽

Pyrolysis Oil ◽

Heating Value ◽

Lower Viscosity ◽

Bio Oil ◽

Liquid Yield

Chlorella samples were pyrolysed in a fixed bed reactor with γ-Al2O3 or ZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst at 600°C. Liquid oil samples was collected from pyrolysis experiments in a condenser and characterized for water content, kinematic viscosity and heating value. In the presence of catalysts , gas yield decreased and liquid yield increased when compared with non-catalytic pyrolysis at the same temperatures. Moreover, pyrolysis oil from catalytic with γ-Al2O3 runs carries lower water content and lower viscosity and higher heating value. Comparison of two catalytic products, the results were showed that γ-Al2O3 has a higher activity than that of ZSM-5 molecular sieve. The acidity distribution in these samples has been measured by t.p.d, of ammonia, the γ-Al2O3 shows a lower acidity. The γ-Al2O3 catalyst shows promise for production of high-quality bio-oil from algae via the catalytic pyrolysis.

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Role of filter media in an anaerobic fixed-bed reactor

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1995.0353 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 31 (9) ◽

pp. 137-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

T. Miyahara ◽

M. Takano ◽

T. Noike

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Methanogenic Bacteria ◽

The Other ◽

Fixed Bed Reactor ◽

Filter Media ◽

Fixed Bed Reactors ◽

Attached Bacteria ◽

The Relationship

The relationship between the filter media and the behaviour of anaerobic bacteria was studied using anaerobic fixed-bed reactors. At an HRT of 48 hours, the number of suspended acidogenic bacteria was higher than those attached to the filter media. On the other hand, the number of attached methanogenic bacteria was more than ten times as higher than that of suspended ones. The numbers of suspended and deposited acidogenic and methanogenic bacteria in the reactor operated at an HRT of 3 hours were almost the same as those in the reactor operated at an HRT of 48 hours. Accumulation of attached bacteria was promoted by decreasing the HRT of the reactor. The number of acidogenic bacteria in the reactor packed sparsely with the filter media was higher than that in the closely packed reactor. The number of methanogenic bacteria in the sparsely packed reactor was lower than that in the closely packed reactor.

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Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of palm-pressed fibre (PPF) with copper oxide doped zirconia (CuO/ZrO2) catalyst in a fixed-bed reactor

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/932/1/012009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 932 ◽

pp. 012009

Author(s):

A R Mohamed ◽

A N Awang ◽

D M Hassan ◽

N Nordin ◽

R Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Copper Oxide ◽

Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Fixed Bed Reactor ◽

Palm Pressed Fibre ◽

Zro2 Catalyst

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Co-Pyrolysis Characteristics and Product Distributions of Coal Tailings and Biomass Blends

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.878.177 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 878 ◽

pp. 177-184

Author(s):

He Long Hui ◽

Jin Wei Jia ◽

Yun Zhao Wei ◽

Shu Cheng Liu ◽

Xing Min Fu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Synergetic Effect ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Fixed Bed Reactor ◽

Shanxi Province ◽

Pyrolysis Process ◽

Pyrolysis Characteristics ◽

Product Distributions ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Coal Tailings ◽

Quality Production

In order to make better utilization of coal tailings (low quality production after coal preparation) as the resources, the pyrolysis characteristics and product distributions during co-pyrolysis of coal tailings together with biomass at different ratio (20%, 40%, 60% and 80%) were determined in thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a fixed bed reactor in this paper. Coal tailings (TC) selected was provided by Hexi coal in Shanxi province, and pine branch wastes (PBW) were used as biomass samples. The result of TGA experiments indicates that the temperature corresponding to the maximum pyrolysis rate exhibited a significant difference between TC and PBW, and the value of the calculated TGA and DTG curves is similar to the experimental ones. In a fixed bed experiments within a temperature range of 25-900°C, gas product yields of co-pyrolysis of TC and PBW are higher than those of the sum of them individually, while tar and char yields were on the contrary. It shows some synergetic effect exists during co-pyrolysis process of TC and PBW blends, and the maximum synergy exhibits with a PBW blending ratio of 40%. CO yield increases up to 30% at 400°C and CH4yield increases up to 11.33% at 700°C compared with the calculated value. These findings can potentially help to understand and predict the behavior of coal tailings/biomass blends in practical systems.

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Effects of Gangue on Pyrolysis of Municipal Solid Waste

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.1394 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 779-780 ◽

pp. 1394-1397

Author(s):

Jin Wei Jia ◽

Xin Qian Shu ◽

He Long Hui ◽

Xing Min Fu ◽

Shu Cheng Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Pyrolysis Product ◽

Char Yield ◽

Fixed Bed Reactor ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Gaseous Products ◽

Pyrolytic Reaction ◽

Liquid Yield

To investigate the effects of gangue on pyrolysis of municipal solid waste (MSW), pyrolysis of MSW with gangue has been conducted by TG and fixed-bed reactor, respectively. The effect of gangue on pyrolysis product yields and compositions of gaseous products was investigated and the obtained results were compared with similar experiments without gangue. It was shown that gangue can improve the pyrolytic reaction of MSW, reduce the char yield, increase the liquid yield. And influences of gangue on yields of H2, CO, CH4 and CO2 were more apparent, the yields of H2, CO and CO2 with gangue were improved 12.5%, 11.8% and 175%, respectively, conversely, the yield of CH4 was reduced 15.4% compared with no gangue.

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Carbothermic Reduction of Misamis Oriental Chromite Ores

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.718.110 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 718 ◽

pp. 110-114

Author(s):

Erlinda O. Yape ◽

Nathaniel M. Anacleto

Keyword(s):

Chemical Reaction ◽

Early Stage ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Vertical Tube ◽

Fixed Bed Reactor ◽

X Ray ◽

Chromite Ore ◽

Temperature Range ◽

Vertical Tube Furnace ◽

Morphology Characterization

This study was conducted to determine the non-isothermal and isothermal reduction of chromium ores in the solid-state by reductants like solid carbon under argon and hydrogen-argon atmosphere. Two different chromite ores from local sources , sandy chromite ore from Opol, Misamis Oriental (SCO) and lumpy chromite ore from Manticao, Misamis Oriental (LCM) were used in the study. Isothermal and non-isothermal experiments were conducted in a fixed bed reactor heated in a vertical tube furnace in the temperature range 800 to 1000°C. Raw chromite and reduced samples were subjected to phase analysis and morphology characterization using X-ray flourescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). It was found that reduction does not go to completion at this temperature range. The early stage of reduction of iron was controlled by nucleation and the later by nucleation or chemical reaction or both. The activation energy at the early stage of reduction is estimated to be 44.76 kJ/mol and the later stage of reduction is 144 kJ/mol for SCO and 76.5 kJ/mol for LCM. The reduction of chromium was controlled by chemical reaction.

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Experimental Studies on Thermal and Catalytic Slow Pyrolysis of Groundnut Shell to Pyrolytic Oil

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.67 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 787 ◽

pp. 67-71

Author(s):

R.M. Alagu ◽

E. Ganapathy Sundaram

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Fixed Bed Reactor ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Pyrolysis Process ◽

Thermal Pyrolysis ◽

Pyrolytic Oil ◽

Groundnut Shell

Pyrolysis process in a fixed bed reactor was performed to derive pyrolytic oil from groundnut shell. Experiments were conducted with different operating parameters to establish optimum conditions with respect to maximum pyrolytic oil yield. Pyrolysis process was carried out without catalyst (thermal pyrolysis) and with catalyst (catalytic pyrolysis). The Kaolin is used as a catalyst for this study. The maximum pyrolytic oil yield (39%wt) was obtained at 450°C temperature for 1.18- 2.36 mm of particle size and heating rate of 60°C/min. The properties of pyrolytic oil obtained by thermal and catalytic pyrolysis were characterized through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques to identify the functional groups and chemical components present in the pyrolytic oil. The study found that catalytic pyrolysis produce more pyrolytic oil yield and improve the pH value, viscosity and calorific value of the pyrolytic oil as compared to thermal pyrolysis.

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