Sentiments as Status Processes? A Theoretical Reformulation from the Expectation States Tradition

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-235
Author(s):  
Alison J. Bianchi ◽  
Robert K. Shelly
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Task Group ◽  
Performance Expectations ◽  
Task Groups ◽  
Expectation States ◽  
Status Characteristics ◽  
Group Members ◽  
And Behavior

Do the ties that bind also create social inequality? Using an expectation states theoretical framework, we elaborate status characteristics and behavior-status theories to explore how sentiments, network connections based on liking and disliking, may affect processes entailing status, the prestige based on one’s differentially valued social distinctions. Within task groups, we theorize that positive and negative sentiments may themselves be status elements capable of evoking performance expectations within dyadic configurations typically modeled by expectation states theorists. Having a reputation for being liked or disliked “imported” into the group may enact status generalization. Alternatively, a status element based on sentiments may emerge during task group interaction as group members ascertain if alters are liked or disliked. Finally, we conclude by discussing how our theorizing motivates future theories and empirical studies.

scholarly journals Causal Relationship or Not? Nationalism, Patriotism, and Anti-immigration Attitudes in Germany

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-91
Author(s):  
Horst-Alfred Heinrich
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Personal Construct ◽  
Personal Construct Theory ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Construct Theory ◽  
Simple Factor ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Immigration Attitudes ◽  
The Relationship

Despite broad research on the connection between in-group and out-group attitudes, empirical studies dealing with the relationship between nation-related and anti-immigration attitudes rarely provide a consistent theoretical framework. On one hand, it is assumed that if persons agree with nationalistic statements, they might develop an orientation against strangers. On the other hand, one might imagine the existence of simple factor correlations among nationalism, patriotism, and anti-immigration attitudes. It can be argued that if people form a group, they will be automatically confronted with out-group members. Both proposals can claim some plausibility. But as several empirical studies mirror varying theoretical assumptions, the author compares different structure models on the basis of German International Social Survey Programme data. Two models lead to satisfactory solutions. Their respective theoretical meaning is discussed in detail. As a result, personal construct theory is integrated here as a theoretical framework with which to explain the correlational structure of a model with three factors without assuming any causality between them.

Culture, names and economic development

2016 ◽  
pp. 81-106
Author(s):  
E. Borisova ◽  
A. Kulkova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
And Behavior

Various components of culture have long been in the focus of economic research. Numerous empirical studies show that cultural norms, as well as religion and language, matter for economic development and have not only statistical but also economic significance. This paper considers various examples of how culture can affect individual values and behavior. It also deals with personal names as a key marker of one’s cultural identity. Overall, the paper contributes to the more profound understanding of a famous notion that "culture matters", and helps clarify the mechanisms through which culture exerts its influence.

From whom do we learn group norms? Low-ranking group members are perceived as the best sources

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E Dannals ◽  
Emily Reit ◽  
Dale T. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Norm Perception ◽  
Lower Ranking ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Groups And Teams ◽  
Or Team ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
To Receive

Social norm perception is ubiquitous in small groups and teams, but how individuals approach this process is not well understood. When individuals wish to perceive descriptive social norms in a group or team, whose ad- vice and behavior do they prefer to rely on? Four lab studies and one Teld survey demonstrate that when in- dividuals seek information about a team’s social norms they prefer to receive advice from lower-ranking indi- viduals (Studies 1–4) and give greater weight to the observed behavior of lower-ranking individuals (Study 5). Results from correlation (Study 3) and moderation (Study 4) approaches suggest this preference stems from the assumption that lower-ranking team members are more attentive to and aware of the descriptive social norms of their team. Alternative mechanisms (e.g., perceived similarity to lower-ranking team members, greater honesty of lower-ranking team members) were also examined, but no support for these was found.

“Scrub”

2012 ◽  
Vol 642 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott N. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Social Worlds ◽  
Site Analysis ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
The Social ◽  
Specific Setting ◽  
Group Members ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Complete Account

Conducting ethnographic fieldwork in varied spaces, with different actors, enriches our understanding. A researcher may find paradoxes in practices and ideas and ask for clarification, or recognize that social dynamics and behavior are peculiar to group members present in a specific setting. This article highlights the usefulness of intentional variability and flexibility in the field. Researchers should plan to do multi-site analysis (MSA) to look for negative cases and opportunities to challenge commonsense notions. Additionally, this article emphasizes that the relationships built during fieldwork shape the data that are captured. Therefore, researchers need to consider the bases for their relationships, including what the subjects get out of them, and how subjects’ positionality affects what comes to be known. This perspective de-emphasizes false norms of objectivity and renders a more complete account of the social worlds we study.

Transforming the scope of the bank through fintechs: toward a modularized network governance

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Łasak ◽  
Marta Gancarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Design ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Transaction Cost Economics ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Network Governance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ict Adoption ◽  
Conceptual Foundations ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to develop a theoretical framework of the transformation of the bank's scope driven by fintechs.Design/methodology/approachThe conceptual foundations for a comprehensive transformation of the bank governance through financial technologies (fintechs) are underexplored. In order to develop such foundations, the authors adopt transaction cost economics (TCE), the concepts of external enablers and a modular organizational design, as well as a systematic literature review.FindingsThe results point to three scenarios of the banks' scope, depending on the adopted technological mechanisms and related effects that change the characteristics of organizational activities, justifying new bank boundaries. The most advanced application of fintechs results in a modularized network scenario leading to the emergence of financial ecosystems.Research limitations/implicationsThe proposed micro-perspective of decisional rules in an individual organization is unique in the current literature that predominantly focuses on the banking sector at large. The identified scenarios are valuable for solid theoretical and empirical grounding and can be further exploited in decision simulations and empirical studies.Practical implicationsThe proposed theoretical framework points to the rationales and consequences of adopted technologies for the boundaries of a bank organization.Originality/valueThis paper provides three contributions to the literature on technology-driven transformations of organizations with a focus on banks. First, the authors elaborate a theoretical framework for establishing the bank's boundaries in response to the expansion of financial technologies. Second, the authors add to the knowledge accumulation in the area of organizational transformations based on the ICT adoption, in particular, to the literature on the modular organizational design. Third, the authors contribute to the decision-maker practice by proposing the alternative options of banks' scope transformed through fintechs.

Neurotransmitter and Neurochemical Factors in Domestic Violence Perpetration: Implications for Theory Development

Partner Abuse ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Corvo ◽  
Donald Dutton
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Current Effort ◽  
Biopsychosocial Theory ◽  
Violence Perpetration ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Field Of Inquiry

Research on neurotransmitters and behavior is a vital and expanding area of study. As in other areas of empirical study of domestic violence, this remains an underdeveloped field of inquiry. Although a rigorous literature exists indicating a much broader range of neuropsychological risk factors for violence in general, policies regarding the study and treatment of domestic violence perpetration often disregard or forbid considerations of those factors. This current effort at theory development is a continuation of several prior works where the conceptual and empirical rationale for a broader explanatory theoretical framework for domestic violence perpetration is put forth. In this review, links between neurochemical anomalies, dysfunctional coping, and domestic violence perpetration are reviewed in light of their contribution to a biopsychosocial theory of domestic violence perpetration.

Fitness-for-Service Assessment for Pressure Equipment in Japan

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayasu Tahara
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Task Group ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Task Groups ◽  
Petrochemical Industries

Pressure equipment in refinery and petrochemical industries in Japan has been getting old, mostly more than 30 years in operation. Currently, the Japanese regulations for pressure equipment in service are the same as those in existence during the fabrication of the pressure equipment. Accordingly, there is an immediate need for an up to date more advanced “Fitness For Service” (FFS) evaluation requirements for pressure equipment. In order to introduce the latest FFS methodologies to Japanese industries, the High Pressure Institute of Japan (HPI) has organized two task groups. One is a working group for development of a maintenance standard for non-nuclear industries. Its prescribed code “Assessment procedure for crack-like flaws in pressure equipment” is for conducting quantitative safety evaluations of flaws detected in common pressure equipment such as pressure vessels, piping, storage tanks. The other is a special task group to study of API RP579 from its drafting stage as a member of TG579. The FFS Handbook, especially for refinery and petrochemical industries, has been developed based on API RP579 with several modifications to meet Japanese pressure vessel regulations on April 2001. [1] It is expected that both the Standard and FFS handbook will be used as an exemplified standard with Japanese regulations for practical maintenance. This paper presents concepts of “Assessment procedure for crack-like flaws in pressure equipment” HPIS Z101, 2001 [2].

scholarly journals Simulation, Control and Desire. Urban Commons and Semi-Public Space Resilience in the Age of Augmented Transductive Territorial Production

2019 ◽  
pp. 179-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfredo Manfredini
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
External Control ◽  
The Public ◽  
Spatial Production ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The Right ◽  
Urban Commons

Considering place-based participation a crucial factor for the development of sustainable and resilient cities in the post-digital turn age, this paper addresses the socio-spatial implications of the recent transformation of relationality networks. To understand the drivers of spatial claims emerged in conditions of digitally augmented spectacle and simulation, it focuses on changes occurring in key nodes of central urban public and semi-public spaces of rapidly developing cities. Firstly, it proposes a theoretical framework for the analysis of problems related to socio-spatial fragmentation, polarisation and segregation of urban commons subject to external control. Secondly, it discusses opportunities and criticalities emerging from a representational paradox depending on the ambivalence in the play of desire found in digitally augmented semi-public spaces. The discussion is structured to shed light on specific socio-spatial relational practices that counteract the dissipation of the “common worlds” caused by sustained processes of urban gentrification and homogenisation. The theoretical framework is developed from a comparative critical urbanism approach inspired by the right to the city and the right to difference, and elaborates on the discourse on sustainable development that informs the United Nations’ New Urban Agenda. The analysis focuses on how digitally augmented geographies reintroduce practices of participation and commoning that reassemble fragmented relational infrastructures and recombine translocal social, cultural and material elements. Empirical studies on the production of advanced simulative and transductive spatialities in places of enhanced consumption found in Auckland, New Zealand, ground the discussion. These provide evidence of the extent to which the agency of the augmented territorialisation forces reconstitutes inclusive and participatory systems of relationality. The concluding notes, speculating on the emancipatory potential found in these social laboratories, are a call for a radical redefinition of the approach to the problem of the urban commons. Such a change would improve the capacity of urbanism disciplines to adequately engage with the digital turn and efficaciously contribute to a maximally different spatial production that enhances and strengthens democracy and pluralism in the public sphere.

scholarly journals The impact of organizational culture on business operations in the Republic of Srpska and Serbia

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Vukotić ◽  
Mirjana Čeko ◽  
Dragana Gaćinović
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

This paper primarily provides relevant theoretical framework forexplaining the phenomenon of organizational culture, but also itanalyzes its impact on the business of an enterprise/company andworking atmosphere that occurs as a result of the impact of the organizationalclimate of a given company. Empirical studies on thissubject have been carried out in Serbia and the Republic of Srpska,which allowed us to compare the implementation and the impact ofthe organizational culture in these areas. In an integral part of thesestudies were included: types of organizational culture, the influenceof national culture on organizational culture and determination ofthe level of development of the same, all in order to improve businessoperations in Serbia and the Republic of Srpska.

scholarly journals Major renovations of apartment complexes: Russian people’s projective attitudes and behavior practices

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 190-211
Author(s):  
Anna V. Ermishina ◽  
Lyudmila V. Klimenko
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Apartment Buildings ◽  
Public Property ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

This article analyzes the Russian people’s projective attitudes and behavior practices when it comes to participating in the funding and organizing of major renovations of apartment buildings. The empirical base for the study consists of data from sociological surveys conducted by VCIOM (2015-2020), the Institute of Sociology of the RAS (2003-2019), FOM (2015), Levada Center (2019), The European Social Survey (2016, 2018), as well as the authors’ own expert interviews conducted in 2020. The need to ensure the safety of housing, the complexity and high cost of renovations is a reasonable explanation for government interference in this sector. Russia’s housing legislature assigns responsibility for maintaining and renovating common property to apartment owners, while also stipulating a funding procedure for major renovations based on deposits made by property owners. The system currently in place in Russia for funding and organizing major renovations, which implies the existence of both a “common reserve” and “special accounts” for regulated property owner contributions (that resemble a tax), is far from perfect, it being associated with such issues as a lack of funding, low quality of major renovations, susceptibility to corruption, owners having insufficient control when it comes to decision making. While analyzing material from all-Russian and regional empirical studies, the gap becomes evident between projective attitudes and the actual behavior of Russian people in the realm of major renovations. Despite a marked critical attitude when it comes to evaluating utility service quality, not to mention the “common reserve” model (which is a way of pulling together funds for major renovations and keeping them on the regional operator’s account) being regarded as socially unjust, nevertheless property owners demonstrate a low degree of civic self-organization and meager capability when it comes to taking collective action (as in participating in apartment complex meetings to discuss major renovations, creating and transferring money to dedicated accounts, keeping track of the major renovation process etc.). The reasons why property owners are so slow to develop any efficiency largely lie in the specifics of the institutional collective decision-making environment in regards to the funding and execution of local public property renovation, which also includes major renovations of apartment buildings.

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