Neurotransmitter and Neurochemical Factors in Domestic Violence Perpetration: Implications for Theory Development

Research on neurotransmitters and behavior is a vital and expanding area of study. As in other areas of empirical study of domestic violence, this remains an underdeveloped field of inquiry. Although a rigorous literature exists indicating a much broader range of neuropsychological risk factors for violence in general, policies regarding the study and treatment of domestic violence perpetration often disregard or forbid considerations of those factors. This current effort at theory development is a continuation of several prior works where the conceptual and empirical rationale for a broader explanatory theoretical framework for domestic violence perpetration is put forth. In this review, links between neurochemical anomalies, dysfunctional coping, and domestic violence perpetration are reviewed in light of their contribution to a biopsychosocial theory of domestic violence perpetration.

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Trauma-Related Shame, Sexual Assault Severity, Thwarted Belongingness, and Perceived Burdensomeness Among Female Undergraduate Survivors of Sexual Assault

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000549 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 134-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Christopher R. DeCou ◽

Stephanie P. Kaplan ◽

Julie Spencer ◽

Shannon M. Lynch

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Sexual Assault ◽

Self Report ◽

Psychosocial Risk ◽

Thwarted Belongingness ◽

Female Undergraduate ◽

Perceived Burdensomeness ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

And Behavior

Abstract. Background and Aim: This study evaluated trauma-related shame as a mediator of the association between sexual assault severity and perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. Method: A total of 164 female undergraduates who reported attempted or completed sexual assault completed self-report measures of sexual assault, trauma-related shame, perceived burdensomeness, and thwarted belongingness. Results: Using path analysis, trauma-related shame mediated the association between sexual assault severity and perceived burdensomeness, and between sexual assault severity and thwarted belongingness. Limitations: The findings of this study are limited by the retrospective, self-report, and cross-sectional nature of these data, and do not allow for causal inference. Conclusion: Trauma-related shame warrants additional investigation as a mechanism that explains the association between sexual assault and psychosocial risk factors for suicidal ideation and behavior.

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Assessment of Risk Factors for Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 among Iranian Patients

10.32592/ircmj.2020.22.9.72 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Immune System ◽

Medical Records ◽

Critical Role ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Medication History ◽

Epidemiological Features ◽

Hookah Smoking ◽

And Behavior ◽

Iranian Patients

Background: The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to a major concern for those who are more vulnerable to infections. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the most important risk factors for severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods: This retrospective study included information on clinical and epidemiological features of 105 patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia hospitalized in Tajrish Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Initially, the medical records of the patients were investigated, and an interview was conducted based on a pre-prepared checklist to seek information about symptoms, past medical history, medication history, and behavior before hospitalization. Results: Out of 105 participants, 76 (72.5%) cases were male, and 54 (51.4%) patients were older than 54 years old. The majority of the patients (n=18; 17.1%) had both hypertension and diabetes (n=12; 11.4%). Metformin (n=36; 34.3%) was the most used medication amongst the studied patient. In addition, 24 (22.9%) patients were recreational hookah smokers, and the majority (75%) of them were under the age of 46 years old. Eventually, 19 patients were excluded from the study, of whom 11 individuals had diabetes, and 10 cases were using metformin. Conclusion: Apparently, hookah smoking played a critical role in the spread of COVID-19 in Iran and has made younger people more susceptible. In addition to older age, the immunosuppressive effects of Metformin seem to make diabetic patients with an impaired immune system more vulnerable to severe COVID-19 pneumonia. More studies on the immune system of vulnerable individuals by identifying their differences can help to protect them.

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Substance Abuse, Marital Status, And Employment Status As Risk Factors For Domestic Violence Against Women In Rural Communities

10.2986/tren.088-0047 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

Robert B. SIDELL

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Substance Abuse ◽

Domestic Violence ◽

Rural Communities ◽

Marital Status ◽

Violence Against Women ◽

Employment Status ◽

Domestic Violence Against Women

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An Empirical Study on the Determinants of Korean Won Denominated Exchange Risk Premium : The Equity Risk Factors Approach

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS REVIEW ◽

10.21739/ibr.2003.06.7.1.25 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

Yoon-Goo Lee ◽

Kyung-Il Khoe

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Empirical Study ◽

Risk Premium ◽

Equity Risk ◽

Exchange Risk

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Directive Guidance as a Cultural Practice for Learning by Chinese-Heritage Babies

Human Development ◽

10.1159/000517081 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Yu Zhang ◽

Su-hua Wang ◽

Shinchieh Duh

Keyword(s):

Empirical Study ◽

Early Development ◽

Filial Piety ◽

Theoretical Framework ◽

Cultural Practice ◽

European American ◽

Individual Level ◽

Children’S Learning ◽

The Usa ◽

The Individual

We provide a framework of analysis for Chinese ways of learning that extends beyond the individual level. The theoretical framework focuses on Confucian principles of xiào (孝, filial piety), guăn (管, to govern), and dào dé guān (道德觀, virtues), which leads us to argue that directive guidance as a cultural practice nourishes Chinese-heritage children’s learning as early as in infancy. To illustrate how directive guidance occurs in action for infants, we present an empirical study that examined the interaction of mother-infant dyads in Taipei, Taiwan, when they played with a challenging toy. The dyads co-enacted directive guidance more frequently than their European-American counterparts in the USA – through hand holding, intervening, and collaboration – while infants actively participate in the practice. We discuss the early development of strengths for learning that is fostered through culturally meaningful practices recurrent in parent-infant interaction.

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Using the Exploratory Sequential Mixed Methods Design to Investigate Dental Patients’ Perceptions and Needs Concerning Oral Cancer Information, Examination, Prevention and Behavior

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18147562 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (14) ◽

pp. 7562

Author(s):

Mohammed Jafer ◽

Rik Crutzen ◽

Abdalla Ibrahim ◽

Ibtisam Moafa ◽

Haitham Zaylaee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Mixed Methods ◽

Oral Cancer ◽

Cancer Information ◽

Mixed Methods Design ◽

Dental Patients ◽

Sequential Mixed Methods ◽

Dental Practitioners ◽

And Behavior ◽

Oral Cancer Examinations

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate dental patients’ behavior, thoughts, opinions and needs for oral cancer information, and dentists’ behavior regarding prevention and examination of oral cancer. Materials and Methods: This study utilized an exploratory sequential mixed methods design. Semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions were conducted for forty dental patients of both sexes. Based on the qualitative analysis, a structured questionnaire was developed and distributed among the participants. Data were analyzed for 315 participants to quantify their thoughts, needs, behavior and behavior expected from dentists regarding oral cancer. Frequency, percentages and cumulative percentages were calculated. Results: This study reveals that patients’ oral cancer knowledge levels were adequate, but most reported that their dentist had never examined them for oral cancer. Additionally, the participants had never performed self-examinations for oral cancer, nor were they aware of the possibility of doing so. Participants showed a preference for being examined and educated by their dentist about oral cancer and believed it would help early detection. Conclusions: The study participants are aware of oral cancer and its risk factors. The practice of oral cancer examinations and patient education of its risk factors by dental practitioners is limited. Patients feel a need for more attention to be paid to oral cancer examinations, preventive measures and targeted information on oral cancer risk factors.

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