Hepatotoxicity and chromosomal abnormalities evaluation due to single and repeated oral exposures of chromium oxide nanoparticles in Wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 548-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravish Fatima ◽  
Riaz Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Chromium Oxide ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Sperm Abnormalities ◽  
Transmission Electron

Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have widespread uses ranging from nanoelectronics to nanotherapeutics. Because of their expanding industrial applications, a better understanding of their toxicity is needed. So far, limited reports are available on chromium oxide NPs (Cr2O3 NPs) toxicity. In this work, Cr2O3 NPs were synthesized and characterized in a sequential manner using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Dose- and time-dependent toxicity assessment of Cr2O3 NPs was carried out in Wistar rats by examining liver function biomarkers, tissue histopathology, micronuclei (MN) formation, and chromosomal aberrations (CAs) in bone marrow along with sperm abnormalities. The results of this study demonstrated typical XRD and FTIR patterns of Cr2O3 NPs with a size of approximately 23.47 nm. Animals exposed to Cr2O3 NPs, exhibited a significant increase in aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyltransferase, and total bilirubin, signifying liver injury. Histopathology data also supported the marked alterations in the liver biochemistry of NPs-exposed animals. Further, an increase in the frequency of MN, CA, and sperm abnormalities suggested Cr2O3 NPs-mediated genotoxicity. It is, therefore, suggested that possible safety issues of Cr2O3 NPs should be addressed promptly with limited future use in occupational settings.

scholarly journals Microbacterium sp. MRS-1, a potential bacterium for cobalt reduction and synthesis of less/non-toxic cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sathyavathi Sundararaju ◽  
Manjula Arumugam ◽  
Prakash Bhuyar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Cobalt Oxide ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Resistant Bacterium ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Cobalt Metal ◽  
Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Heavy Metal Resistant

Abstract Background Detoxification of heavy metal pollutants in wastewater has become a serious problem to surrounding environment. This research was conducted to utilize a potential heavy metal-resistant bacterium for the remediation of cobalt metal and simultaneous synthesis of cobalt oxide nanoparticles in the form of powder for various industrial applications. Metal oxide nanoparticles have great applications in electrochemical devices such as supercapacitors, biosensors, and batteries. Method A heavy metal-resistant bacterium Microbacterium sp. MRS-1 isolated from electroplating industrial effluent reduced cobalt ions from an initial concentration of 200 mg/L to 26 mg/L were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Instrumental analysis of bacterially synthesized Co3O4 has been characterized. Cytotoxicity of synthesized nanoparticles was assessed by MTT assay. Results Microbacterium sp. MRS-1 isolated from electroplating industrial effluent was found to be suitable for cobalt oxide nanoparticles as it showed tolerance towards high concentration of metal. The nutrient broth containing metal solution and Microbacterium sp. MRS-1 showed color change from light pink to dark pink indicated the formation of extracellular nanoparticles. It also converted soluble cobalt salts into less soluble cobalt oxide nanoparticles outside the cell which allows easy recovery of nanoparticles without the destruction of cells and simultaneous detoxification of toxic metal ions. Electron microscopic imaging verified that nanoparticles were predominantly surrounding the bacterial cells and SEM imaging revealed that the produced particles were in the range of 10–100 nm in size. XRD spectrum exhibited 2θ values were corresponding to cubic face-centered cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanoparticles. Conclusion The present study investigated new prospective for eco-friendly detoxification of toxic heavy metal Co from metal-polluted sites and the production of cobalt oxide nanoparticles in powder form for clinical and other industrial applications.

scholarly journals Mixture Effects of Diesel Exhaust and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Human Lung A549 Cells

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zerboni ◽  
Bengalli ◽  
Baeri ◽  
Fiandra ◽  
Catelani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Diesel Exhaust ◽  
Human Lung ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Exhaust Particles

Airborne ultrafine particles (UFP) mainly derive from combustion sources (e.g., diesel exhaust particles—DEP), abrasion sources (non-exhaust particles) or from the unintentional release of engineered nanoparticles (e.g., metal oxide nanoparticles—NPs), determining human exposure to UFP mixtures. The aim of the present study was to analyse the combined in vitro effects of DEP and metal oxide NPs (ZnO, CuO) on human lung A549 cells. The mixtures and the relative single NPs (DEP, ZnO, CuO) were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and inductively coupled plasma-optic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Cells were exposed for different times (3–72 h) to mixtures of standard DEP at a subcytotoxic concentration and ZnO and CuO at increasing concentrations. At the end of the exposure, the cytotoxicity was assessed by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) and clonogenic tests, the pro-inflammatory potential was evaluated by interleukin-8 (IL-8) release and the cell morphology was investigated by fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. The obtained results suggest that the presence of DEP may introduce new physico-chemical interactions able to increase the cytotoxicity of ZnO and to reduce that of CuO NPs.

scholarly journals Structural and morphological tuning of Cu-based metal oxide nanoparticles by a facile chemical method and highly electrochemical sensing of sulphite

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Velayutham Sudha ◽  
Govindhasamy Murugadoss ◽  
Rangasamy Thangamuthu
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Chemical Method ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Modified Electrodes ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
One Step

AbstractA facile one-step chemical method is introduced for the successful synthesis of Cu2O, CuO and CuNa2(OH)4 crystal structures and their electrochemical properties were also investigated. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that these copper-based oxide nanoparticles display different crystal structures such as cubic (Cu2O), monoclinic (CuO) and orthorhombic [CuNa2(OH)4]. The microstructural information of nanoparticles was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. It shows attractive morphologies of different orientation such as rod like structure, nanobeads and well-aligned uniform nanorod for Cu2O, CuO and CuNa2(OH)4, respectively. Electrochemical sensing of sulphite (SO32−) on these three copper-based oxide modified electrodes was investigated. Among the three different crystal structures, CuO shows promising electrocatalytic activity towards oxidation of sulphite. A linear variation in peak current was obtained for SO32− oxidation from 0.2 to 15 mM under the optimum experimental condition. The sensitivity and detection limit were in the order of 48.5 µA cm−2 mM−1 and 1.8 µM, respectively. Finally, practical utility of CuO modified electrode was demonstrated for the estimation of sulphite in commercial wine samples.

Genotoxic effects of chromium oxide nanoparticles and microparticles in Wistar rats after 28 days of repeated oral exposure

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 3914-3924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailendra Pratap Singh ◽  
Srinivas Chinde ◽  
Sarika Srinivas Kalyan Kamal ◽  
M.F. Rahman ◽  
M. Mahboob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromium Oxide ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Chromium Oxide Nanoparticles

scholarly journals Medicinal Plants and Biogenic Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: A Paradigm Shift to Treat Alzheimer’s Disease

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 717
Author(s):  
Roby Gul ◽  
Hasnain Jan ◽  
Gul Lalay ◽  
Anisa Andleeb ◽  
Hazrat Usman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Chemical Inhibition

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia. Improving the amount of acetylcholine in the brain is an efficient way to treat the illness. The global incidence of dementia is estimated to be as high as 50 million, and it is expected to increase every 20 years until 2040, resulting in a costly burden of disease. Early-life risk factors for pathology include genes, chromosomal abnormalities, head injury, insulin resistance, and inflammation. Potentially modifiable risk factors including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking are associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and represent promising targets for intervention. The drugs currently being used to manage AD have various drawbacks. The chemical inhibition of cholinesterase enzymes is an effective technique for treating signal related neuropathology, and possible sources of compounds with these properties are natural products and biogenic metal oxide nanoparticles. There is a potential source of AChE and BChE inhibitors in the abundance of plants in nature, and natural goods appear to offer useful medications and templates for the development of other compounds. This dissertation represents a review of the literature on species of medicinal plants and nanomaterial related plants tested for their inhibitory action of AChE and BChE. Plant species and the plant-mediated metal oxide nanoparticles referred to are possible cholinesterase inhibitors and can assist researchers in their study of natural products that may be beneficial in the treatment of AD.

scholarly journals From iron coordination compounds to metal oxide nanoparticles

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 2074-2087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihail Iacob ◽  
Carmen Racles ◽  
Codrin Tugui ◽  
George Stiubianu ◽  
Adrian Bele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Mixed Valence ◽  
Iron Complex ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Transmission Electron

Various types, shapes and sizes of iron oxide nanoparticles were obtained depending on the nature of the precursor, preparation method and reaction conditions. The mixed valence trinuclear iron acetate, [Fe2 IIIFeIIO(CH3COO)6(H2O)3]·2H2O (FeAc1), μ3-oxo trinuclear iron(III) acetate, [Fe3O(CH3COO)6(H2O)3]NO3∙4H2O (FeAc2), iron furoate, [Fe3O(C4H3OCOO)6(CH3OH)3]NO3∙2CH3OH (FeF), iron chromium furoate, FeCr2O(C4H3OCOO)6(CH3OH)3]NO3∙2CH3OH (FeCrF), and an iron complex with an original macromolecular ligand (FePAZ) were used as precursors for the corresponding oxide nanoparticles. Five series of nanoparticle samples were prepared employing either a classical thermal pathway (i.e., thermal decomposition in solution, solvothermal method, dry thermal decomposition/calcination) or using a nonconventional energy source (i.e., microwave or ultrasonic treatment) to convert precursors into iron oxides. The resulting materials were structurally characterized by wide-angle X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared, Raman, energy-dispersive X-ray, and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopies, as well as thermogravimetric analysis. The morphology was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The parameters were varied within each route to fine tune the size and shape of the formed nanoparticles.

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