Serum Interleukin-6 Level in Children With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira Hamed Darwish ◽  
Tarek Mohamed Elgohary ◽  
Nahla A. Nosair
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Parent Rating ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurobehavioral disorder in children, but its specific etiology and pathophysiology are still incompletely understood. Objectives: This case-control study aimed to measure the level of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) as a predictor of the immunologic status in children with ADHD, and to study its correlation with severity of symptoms. Subjects and Methods: 60 ADHD children who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, criteria for ADHD and 60 control children were subjected to complete history taking, clinical examination, and psychometric tests. Serum interleukin-6 of ADHD patients and control children was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The mean serum level of IL-6 was 22.35 (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.68-26.99) in ADHD patients, and it was 5.44 (95% CI, 4.81-6.06) in controls. A significantly higher level of IL-6 was reported in ADHD patients compared with controls ( P = .001). No significant correlation was found between serum IL-6 level and either the Intelligence Quotient (IQ) or the Conners’ Parent Rating Scale score. Conclusion: Serum IL-6 values were significantly higher in ADHD patients compared to healthy control children. Increased production of IL-6 may play a role in the pathogenesis of ADHD.

scholarly journals Frequency of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children aged 6-11 years old in the city of Piranshahr

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 424-433
Author(s):  
Abdolkarim Piroti ◽  
Shahrokh Amiri ◽  
Seyed Mahmoud Tabatabaei
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Teacher Rating ◽  
Parent Rating ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Teacher Rating Scale ◽  
Conners Teacher Rating Scale ◽  
Inattention And Hyperactivity

Background. One of the most common childhood disorders is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ADHD in children aged 6-11 years in Piranshahr city (Iran). Methods. This descriptive-analytical study involved six hundred primary school students (300 girls and 300 boys) in Piranshahr city who were enrolled in the study using stratified random sampling. The frequency of ADHD was assessed using the short form of the Conners Teacher and Parent Rating Scale. Results. The frequency of inattention and hyperactivity indices in girls were respectively 13% and 15%, per Conners Parents Rating Scale, and 14.6% and 16.6% per Conners Teacher Rating Scale, while the frequency of ADHD index was 6.33% and 8.66%, respectively. The frequency of inattention and hyperactivity indexes in boys were respectively 11% and 17% per Conners Teacher Rating Scale, and 20.6% and 24.6%, respectively, per Conners Parents Rating scale, whereas the frequency of ADHD index was based on parents and teacher was 5.6% and 18.3%, respectively. Conclusion. This study showed that the prevalence of children prone to ADHD in the Piranshahr region is relatively high in comparison with other regions of the country. Therefore, it is necessary to study this disorder in the identity card of children at the entrance to kindergartens and schools to identify the patients, so through timely and appropriate intervention, its important complications in adolescence and adulthood can be prevented.

scholarly journals The Impact of an Adapted Climbing Program on Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 60-69
Author(s):  
Erin Angelini ◽  
Kathryn N Oriel ◽  
Greta M Myers ◽  
Kyle D.A. Cook ◽  
Ross M Drawbaugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Route Planning ◽  
Rock Climbing ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Parent Rating ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Impact

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder impacts children’s participation in activities that require attention to instruction, sustained mental effort, and executive functioning. Physical activity has been correlated to improvement in attention in children with ADHD. Rock climbing challenges muscular endurance, attention, and route planning. Five participants, aged 8-13, participated in the climbing program. Attention was measured pre and post climbing intervention with Trail Making Test B (TMT-B) for time to complete. Exercise intensity was measured by heart rate. Parent feedback on behavior was collected with the Conner’s Parent Rating Scale (CPRS). The social validity of the intervention was measured by the IRP-15 measures. Statistically, significant intrasession attention improvements were noted in all 5 climbers (p=.43). Two climbers were consistently working at a moderate intensity (40-60% HRmax) while 3 climbers maintained a light level of intensity (20-40% HRmax). No statistically significant improvements were found on the CPRS, although improvements are noted with qualitative reports from parents. The IRP-15 showed 100% of parents believed rock climbing was an effective intervention for their children with ADHD. Rock climbing at a light to moderate intensity is associated with improvements in attention and behavior in children with ADHD.

Normalization and deep learning based attention deficit hyperactivity disorder classification

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
P. Preetha ◽  
R. Mallika
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Extreme Learning Machine ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Parent Rating ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Fast Independent Component Analysis ◽  
Learning Machine ◽  
Diagnosis Technique

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the major mental-health disorders worldwide. ADHD is typically characterized by impaired executive function, impulsivity, hyperactivity and with respect to these behavioral symptoms, diagnosis of ADHD is performed. These symptoms are obviously seen at in early stage. Serious impairments and substantial burdens are induced for society as well as to families. However, for ADHD, there is no diagnostic laboratory in current scenario. Psychological tests like Brown Attention Deficit Disorder Scale (BADDS), Conners Parent Rating Scale and ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS) are carried out for ADHD diagnosis. Tedious and complex clinical analysis are needed in this testing and this makes low efficiency of the diagnostic process. A traditional diagnosis technique of ADHD produces degraded results. So, enhanced extreme learning machine is incorporated with existing techniques for avoiding the issues of performance degradation. There is a need to enhance the classifier performance further and there is a chance for unwanted noise in input samples, which may degrade the performance of classifier. For avoiding these issues, an enhanced and automated ADHS diagnosis technique is proposed. First stage is pre-processing, and it is carried out based on min max normalization and feature extraction is a next stage, which is carried out through Fast Independent Component Analysis and third stage is a Deep Extreme Learning Machine (DELM) based ADHD identification and classification. Extreme Learning Machine with Kernel (KELM) and Multilayer Extreme Learning Machine (MLELM) algorithm are combined in this method and it is termed as deep extreme learning machine (DELM). Collection of neuro images are used for quantitative and qualitative analysis and with respect to f-measure, recall, precision and accuracy, robustness of proposed technique is demonstrated.

scholarly journals Association Between Allergic Diseases and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Symptoms in Children Aged 6–12 Years Using the Filipino Version of the Vanderbilt ADHD Parent Rating Scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 628-641
Author(s):  
Glaiza M Madulara ◽  
Agnes G Andaya
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Parent Rating ◽  
Parent Rating Scale ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Inattentive Subtype

BACKGROUND: Over the last decades, the hypothesis that an allergic response could lead to the development of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was raised and clinical studies investigated the co-existence of both. These studies had shown that allergic diseases and neurobehavioral disorders were concurrent and could be associated with genetic factors, neuroimmunity and microbial dysbiosis. To date, this was the first study in the Philippines to evaluate the prevalence and association of allergic diseases, its severity and ADHD symptoms. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the association of allergic diseases and ADHD symptoms among children aged 6–12 years based on parental report using the Filipino version of the Vanderbilt ADHD Parent Rating Scale. METHODS: School-aged children between 6 and 12 years with physician diagnosed allergies (bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, drug allergy, food allergy and/or acute or chronic urticaria) were randomly selected. Skin prick test (SPT) to aeroallergens was done. The parents completed the Filipino version of the Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Parent Rating Scale (VADPRS), a screening tool for ADHD. RESULTS: Among the 415 patients, 135 (32.5%) of them screened positive for ADHD symptoms. Upon assessment of the Vanderbilt parent rating subscale responses, 13.49% of the children were categorized as predominantly inattentive subtype, 6.02% as predominantly hyperactive/impulsive subtype and 13.01% as combined inattention/hyperactivity. Three hundred and seventy six (91%) children were diagnosed with asthma. Among these asthmatics, 119 (32%) had ADHD symptoms with the following subtypes – predominantly inattentive subtype (13.56%), predominantly hyperactive/impulsive subtype (5.05%) and combined inattention/hyperactivity (13.03%). Combined inattention/hyperactivity subtype had a significant proportion of severe asthmatics, as compared to mild or moderate asthma (p value = 0.026). Furthermore, 389 (94%) children were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis. Among these patients, 130 (33%) had ADHD symptoms with the following subtypes – predominantly inattentive subtype (13.62%), predominantly hyperactive/impulsive subtype (6.43%) and combined inattention/hyperactivity (13.37%). However, evidence was not sufficient to demonstrate an association between ADHD subtypes and allergic rhinitis severity. Lastly, 206 (50%) children were diagnosed with atopic dermatitis. Among these patients, 71 (34%) had ADHD symptoms with the following subtypes – predominantly inattentive subtype (14.56%), predominantly hyperactive/impulsive subtype (4.85%) and combined inattention/hyperactivity (15.05%). However, there was insufficient evidence to demonstrate a link between ADHD subtypes and atopic dermatitis severity. CONCLUSION: Children with allergies, especially those with severe asthma, are more likely to have ADHD symptoms. Key words: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, allergic disease, allergic sensitization, asthma

scholarly journals Predictive validity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder from ages 3 to 5 Years

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Romvig Overgaard ◽  
Beate Oerbeck ◽  
Svein Friis ◽  
Are Hugo Pripp ◽  
Heidi Aase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Parent Rating ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

AbstractWe investigated to what extent parent-rated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and impairment at age 3 years predicted elevated ADHD symptoms at age 5 years, and whether teacher-rated ADHD symptoms improved these predictions. This study is part of the longitudinal, population-based Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. Parents of 3-year-old children (n = 1195) were interviewed about ADHD and impairment, and teachers rated child ADHD symptoms by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire or the Early Childhood Inventory-4. At 5 years of age, the children (n = 957) were classified as ADHD-positive or -negative using Conners’ Parent Rating Scale. Relying solely on parent-rated ADHD or impairment at age 3 years did moderately well in identifying children with persistent elevation of ADHD symptoms, but gave many false positives (positive predictive values (PPVs): .40–.57). A small group of children (n = 20, 13 boys) scored above cut-off on both parent-rated ADHD and impairment, and teacher-rated ADHD symptoms, although adding teacher-rated ADHD symptoms slightly weakened the predictive power for girls. For this small group, PPVs were .76 for boys and .64 for girls. Limiting follow-up to these few children will miss many children at risk for ADHD. Therefore, we recommend close monitoring also of children with parent-reported ADHD symptoms and/or impairment to avoid delay in providing interventions. Clinicians should also be aware that teachers may miss ADHD symptoms in preschool girls.

Dopamine D4 Receptor Gene Polymorphism in a Sample of Egyptian Children With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farida ElBaz Mohamed ◽  
Tarek Mostafa Kamal ◽  
Sally Soliman Zahra ◽  
Mona Abdel Hakiem Khfagy ◽  
Azza Mohamed Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Parent Rating ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Repeat Allele ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Egyptian Children ◽  
Adhd Children

This study aimed to detect DRD4 receptor gene polymorphisms in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children and to correlate their phenotype-genotype. Fifty children with ADHD were diagnosed by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, criteria and were subjected to Conners Parent Rating Scale. All cases and controls were subjected to history taking, physical examination, IQ assessment, and dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) exon 3 genotyping. The 7-repeat allele was present only in controls, whereas 2-repeat allele was present in the ADHD children (heterozygous 2-repeat allele in 16% and homozygous in 26% of cases). Eight percent of cases had homozygous 4-repeat allele vs 28% of controls, whereas 10% of cases had heterozygous 4-repeat allele vs 6% of controls, with its predominance in controls. The 2-repeat and 4-repeat alleles have been associated with more inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity phenotypes. In conclusion, children with ADHD had a significant presence of the 2-repeat allele and absence of the 7-repeat allele.

EARLY RECOGNIZATION OF THE CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER BY VANDERBILT ADHD RATING SCALE FOR TEACHERS AND PARENTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Dinh Duong Le ◽  
Van Thang Vo ◽  
Thi Mai Nguyen ◽  
Thi Han Vo ◽  
Huu Chau Duc Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Teachers And Parents ◽  
Key Words Adhd

Objectives: The study aims to explore the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and to examine the associated factors with ADHD among primary students by Vanderbilt ADHD rating scale for teacher and parents. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted in 564 students who selected randomly in 4 primary schools in Hue city. Vanderbilt ADHD rating scale for parents and teachers were applied to evaluate the ADHD of children over 6 months ago. Results: The overall prevalence of children who had high risk with ADHD was 4.1% (95%CI: 2.44 - 5.72), including 4.6% and 4.8% in the rating of teachers and parents, respectively. Male was more likely to have ADHD than female (OR adj: 4.64 (95%CI: 1.53 - 14.05) and lack of closely friend (OR adj: 5.11 (95% CI: 2.13 - 12.24). Conclusion: Vanderbilt ADHD diagnosis rating scale for teachers and parents can be used to early recognization children with a high risk of ADHD. Key words: ADHD, Vanderbilt, ratings scale, teacher, parent, children

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