Childhood Emotional Abuse and Depression Among Adolescents: Roles of Deviant Peer Affiliation and Gender

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052091858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sen Li ◽  
Fengqing Zhao ◽  
Guoliang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Relational Theory ◽  
Deviant Peer Affiliation ◽  
Peer Affiliation ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Physical Neglect ◽  
Childhood Emotional Abuse ◽  
And Gender

Adolescent depression is a significant concern around the world. There is a pressing need to explore risk factors for this disorder to develop better interventions. Based on an integration of attachment theory, Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, and relational theory, the current study aimed to examine (a) whether childhood emotional abuse (CEA) would be significantly and positively related to adolescents’ depression, (b) whether deviant peer affiliation would mediate the relation between CEA and depression, and (c) whether gender would moderate the direct and indirect relations between CEA and adolescent’s depression via deviant peer affiliation. Participants were 961 Chinese adolescents ( M age = 15.21 years, SD = 1.57). They completed questionnaires regarding demographics, CEA, other types of childhood maltreatment (i.e., physical abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect), deviant peer affiliation, and depression. Results showed that CEA was positively related to adolescent depression even after controlling for other types of childhood maltreatment, and this relation was mediated by deviant peer affiliation. Furthermore, moderated mediation analyses indicated that gender moderated the relation between CEA and deviant peer affiliation, with the relation being stronger for girls than for boys. However, gender did not moderate the relation between deviant peer affiliation and depression, as well as the direct relation between CEA and depression. Results highlight that interventions aimed at reducing CEA may protect adolescents, especially girls from the risks of deviant peer affiliation and depression.

scholarly journals Mental Health Pathways Linking Childhood Maltreatment to Interpersonal Revictimization During Adolescence for Girls in the Child Welfare System

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1169-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Auslander ◽  
Sarah Myers Tlapek ◽  
Jennifer Threlfall ◽  
Tonya Edmond ◽  
Jerry Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Welfare ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Child Welfare System ◽  
Welfare System ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Physical Neglect

This study compares the association of histories of childhood emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, and physical neglect with revictimization among adolescent girls, and investigates the role of posttraumatic stress and symptoms of depression as mediators. Participants were 234 girls aged 12 to 19 years, who have been involved with the child welfare system in a Midwestern urban area. Data were collected from baseline surveys of a trauma-focused group program to which the participants were referred. The majority of participants were youths of color (75%) who were primarily African American (70%), and the remaining participants were White, non-Hispanic (25%). Data were collected through surveys that assessed histories of child abuse and neglect, symptoms of posttraumatic stress and depression, and experiences of physical, verbal, and relational revictimization in the last 3 months. All types of abuse and neglect were significantly associated with higher frequencies of revictimization and higher levels of posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms. Parallel mediation analyses demonstrated that both posttraumatic stress and depression fully mediated the relationships between emotional abuse and revictimization, and sexual abuse and revictimization. Physical abuse was fully mediated by posttraumatic stress, but not by depression. Results also indicated that neither posttraumatic stress nor depression were mediators for the relationship between neglect and revictimization. There were similar pathways to revictimization in adolescents from emotional and sexual abuse through posttraumatic stress and depression. Evidence is mounting for the deleterious effects of emotional abuse. There is evidence that treatment of both posttraumatic stress and depression in emotionally and sexually abused adolescents involved in child welfare is warranted to prevent future revictimization.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Childhood Emotional Abuse and Processing of Emotional Facial Expressions in Healthy Young Men: Event-Related Potential and Behavioral Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutong Liu ◽  
Huini Peng ◽  
Jianhui Wu ◽  
Hongxia Duan
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Childhood Emotional Abuse ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Individuals exposed to childhood maltreatment present with a deficiency in emotional processing in later life. Most studies have focused mainly on childhood physical or sexual abuse; however, childhood emotional abuse, a core issue underlying different forms of childhood maltreatment, has received relatively little attention. The current study explored whether childhood emotional abuse is related to the impaired processing of emotional facial expressions in healthy young men.Methods: The emotional facial processing was investigated in a classical gender discrimination task while the event-related potentials (ERPs) data were collected. Childhood emotional abuse was assessed by a Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) among 60 healthy young men. The relationship between the score of emotional abuse and the behavioral and the ERP index of emotional facial expression (angry, disgust, and happy) were explored.Results: Participants with a higher score of childhood emotional abuse responded faster on the behavioral level and had a smaller P2 amplitude on the neural level when processing disgust faces compared to neutral faces.Discussion: Individuals with a higher level of childhood emotional abuse may quickly identify negative faces with less cognitive resources consumed, suggesting altered processing of emotional facial expressions in young men with a higher level of childhood emotional abuse.

scholarly journals The Impact of Retrospective Childhood Maltreatment on Eating Disorders as Mediated by Food Addiction: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rami Bou Khalil ◽  
Ghassan Sleilaty ◽  
Sami Richa ◽  
Maude Seneque ◽  
Sylvain Iceta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yale Food Addiction Scale ◽  
Physical Neglect ◽  
The Impact

Background: The current study aimed to test whether food addiction (FA) might mediate the relationship between the presence of a history of childhood maltreatment and eating disorder (ED) symptom severity. Methods: Participants were 231 patients with ED presenting between May 2017 and January 2020 to a daycare treatment facility for assessment and management with mainly the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2), the Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS 2.0). Results: Participants had a median age of 24 (interquartile range (IQR) 20–33) years and manifested anorexia nervosa (61.47%), bulimia nervosa (16.88%), binge-eating disorders (9.09%), and other types of ED (12.55%). They were grouped into those likely presenting FA (N = 154) and those without FA (N = 77). The group with FA reported higher scores on all five CTQ subscales, as well as the total score of the EDI-2 (p < 0.001). Using mediation analysis; significant indirect pathways between all CTQ subscales and the EDI-2 total score emerged via FA, with the largest indirect effect emerging for physical neglect (standardized effect = 0.208; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.127–0.29) followed by emotional abuse (standardized effect = 0.183; 95% CI 0.109–0.262). Conclusion: These results are compatible with a model in which certain types of childhood maltreatment, especially physical neglect, may induce, maintain, and/or exacerbate ED symptoms via FA which may guide future treatments.

Childhood Maltreatment History as a Risk Factor for Sexual Harassment Among U.S. Army Soldiers

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leora N. Rosen ◽  
Lee Martin
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sexual Experiences ◽  
Unwanted Sexual Experiences ◽  
Physical Neglect

Four different types of childhood maltreatment were examined as predictors of unwanted sexual experiences and acknowledged sexual harassment among male and female active duty soldiers in the United States Army. Predictor variables included childhood sexual abuse, physical-emotional abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect. Three types of unwanted sexual experiences in the workplace were examined as outcome variables: gender harassment, unwanted sexual attention, and coercion. Both sexual and physical-emotional abuse during childhood were found to be predictors of unwanted sexual experiences and of acknowledged sexual harassment in the workplace. Among female soldiers, the most severe type of unwanted experience—coercion—was predicted only by childhood physical-emotional abuse. Among male soldiers childhood sexual abuse was the strongest predictor of coercion. A greater variety of types of childhood maltreatment predicted sexual harassment outcomes for male soldiers. Childhood maltreatment and adult sexual harassment were predictors of psychological well-being for soldiers of both genders.

scholarly journals Childhood maltreatment and suicide attempts in prisoners: a systematic meta-analytic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Angelakis ◽  
Jennifer L. Austin ◽  
Patricia Gooding
Keyword(s):  
Publication Bias ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Physical Neglect ◽  
Trim And Fill ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractIn the past decade, the links between core types of childhood maltreatment and suicidal acts have become an increasingly important area of investigation. However, no meta-analytic review has examined this relationship in prisoners. We undertook the first systematic meta-analytic review examining the link between childhood maltreatment and suicide attempts in prisoners to redress this important gap. We searched Medline, PsychINFO, Embase, Web of Science and CINAHL from inception until August 2019. Meta-analyses using random effect models were applied, and heterogeneity was quantified using the I2 statistic. Publication bias and risk of bias across studies were assessed. We identified 24 studies comprising 16 586 prisoners. The rates of different types of childhood maltreatment ranged between 29% and 68% [95% confidence interval (CI) 18–81%]. The rate of suicide attempts in prisoners was 23% (95% CI 18–27%). Main results demonstrated that sexual abuse [odds ratio (OR) 2.68, 95% CI 1.86–3.86], physical abuse (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.60–2.91), emotional abuse (OR 2.70, 95% CI 1.92–3.79), emotional neglect (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.69–3.10), physical neglect (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.27–1.94) and combined abuse (OR 3.09, 95% CI 2.14–4.45) were strongly associated with suicide attempts in prisoners. There was an indication of publication bias. Duval and Tweedie's trim-and-fill method was applied, which increased the odds for suicide attempts. Given the high rates of prison suicide deaths and suicide attempts, our findings suggest an urgent need for targeted suicide prevention priorities for prisoners, with a particular focus on ameliorating the effects of childhood traumatic experiences on suicidal prisoners.

scholarly journals 427How does childhood maltreatment influence cardiovascular disease? A sequential causal mediation analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Goncalves Soares ◽  
Laura D Howe ◽  
Gemma Hammerton ◽  
Jon Heron ◽  
Janet Rich-Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Physical Neglect ◽  
Causal Mediation Analysis ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Abstract Background Childhood maltreatment (CM) has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the mechanisms of this relationship are not fully understood. We explored the relative contribution of anxiety/depression, smoking, body mass index (BMI) and C-reactive protein (CRP) to the association between CM and CVD in the United Kingdom (UK) and whether this differed by sex and type of maltreatment. Methods We used data from 40,596 men and 59,511 women from UK Biobank. To estimate the indirect effects of CM (physical, sexual and emotional abuse, and emotional and physical neglect) on incident CVD, we applied a sequential mediation approach using g-computation. Results Together anxiety/depression, smoking, BMI and CRP mediated 26%-90% of the association between CM and CVD, and the contribution of these mediators differed by type of maltreatment and sex. For sexual abuse, emotional abuse and emotional neglect, anxiety/depression was the most important mediator (accounting for 16%-43% of the total effect), especially in women. In men, BMI contributed the most in associations of physical abuse and physical neglect with CVD; in women anxiety/depression and BMI had similar contributions. Conclusions These findings add to the understanding of how CM affects CVD and highlight the potential to reduce the burden of CVD in people exposed to CM through targeting modifiable mediating factors. Key messages Anxiety/depression, smoking, BMI and inflammation mediated part of the association between CM and CVD, and the contribution of these mediators differed by type of maltreatment and sex.

scholarly journals Childhood Maltreatment in Individuals With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: The Impact of Cut-Off Scores on Prevalence Rates

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelina Weitkämper ◽  
Michael Kellner ◽  
Jona Ruben Iffland ◽  
Martin Driessen ◽  
Hanna Kley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Emotional Neglect ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Physical Neglect ◽  
The Impact

Childhood maltreatment is a common phenomenon in various psychiatric disorders. Accordingly, patients with disorders from the schizophrenia spectrum (SSD) appear to have high prevalence rates of childhood maltreatment. However, the interpretation and comparability of prevalence rates is impeded by methodological weaknesses and differences such as measures and thresholds used in previous studies. Therefore, we aimed to provide and compare systematically captured data on prevalence rates of all common types of childhood maltreatment in patients with SSD using a standardized and well-established questionnaire and the most frequently used thresholds. The sample consisted of 48 patients with a primary diagnosis of SSD. 58.3–77.1% of the sample experienced at least one type of childhood maltreatment. Prevalence rates for physical abuse, physical neglect, and emotional abuse were dependent on the thresholds used, while equal rates were found for emotional neglect and sexual abuse. Physical neglect (46–67%), and emotional abuse (44–48%) were most commonly reported, followed by emotional neglect (38%), physical abuse (25–38%), and sexual abuse (25%). Additionally, high levels of peer victimization were reported by SSD patients. It appears that childhood maltreatment is a common phenomenon in SSD, even though methodological details, especially cut-off scores, have a substantial impact on the prevalence rates that are determined. Therefore, the methodology of studies should be closely examined when drawing conclusions from presented prevalence rates.

scholarly journals How does childhood maltreatment influence cardiovascular disease? A sequential causal mediation analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Goncalves Soares ◽  
Laura D Howe ◽  
Gemma Hammerton ◽  
Jon Heron ◽  
Janet Rich-Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Physical Neglect ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Background: Childhood maltreatment has been consistently associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the mechanisms of this relationship are not yet fully understood. We explored the relative contribution of anxiety/depression, smoking, body mass index (BMI) and inflammation (C-reactive protein, CRP) to the association between childhood maltreatment and CVD in men and women aged 40-69 years in the United Kingdom (UK). Methods: We used data from 40,596 men and 59,511 women from UK Biobank. To estimate the indirect effects of childhood maltreatment (physical, sexual and emotional abuse, and emotional and physical neglect) on incident CVD via each of the mediators, we applied a sequential mediation approach. Results: All forms of maltreatment were associated with increased CVD risk (hazard ratios (HR) ranging from 1.09 to 1.27). Together anxiety/depression, smoking, BMI and CRP mediated 26%-90% of the association between childhood maltreatment and CVD, and the contribution of these mediators differed by type of maltreatment and sex. Anxiety/depression mediated the largest proportion of the association of sexual abuse, emotional abuse and emotional neglect with CVD (accounting for 16%-43% of the total effect), especially in women. In men, BMI contributed the most to the indirect effect of associations of physical abuse and physical neglect with CVD; in women anxiety/depression and BMI had similar contributions. Conclusions: These findings add to the understanding of how childhood maltreatment affects CVD risk and identify modifiable mediating factors which could potentially reduce the burden of CVD in people exposed to maltreatment in early life.

Predicting Adverse Childhood Experiences

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Baglivio ◽  
Kevin T. Wolff ◽  
Nathan Epps ◽  
Randy Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Context Effects ◽  
Neighborhood Context ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
History Of ◽  
Physical Neglect

Few studies have examined multilevel effects of neighborhood context on childhood maltreatment. Less work has analyzed these effects with juvenile offenders, and no prior work has examined context effects of childhood maltreatment through the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) framework. ACEs include 10 indictors: emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect, domestic violence toward the youth’s mother, household substance abuse, household mental illness, parental separation/divorce, and household member with a history of jail/imprisonment. Effects of concentrated disadvantage and affluence on ACE scores are examined in a statewide sample of more than 59,000 juvenile offenders, controlling for salient individual (including family and parenting) measures and demographics. Both disadvantage and affluence affect ACE exposure. Implications for research and policy are discussed.

scholarly journals Childhood maltreatment history and attention bias variability in healthy adult women: role of inflammation and the BDNF Val66Met genotype

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Hori ◽  
Mariko Itoh ◽  
Mingming Lin ◽  
Fuyuko Yoshida ◽  
Madoka Niwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Attention Bias ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Childhood Emotional Abuse ◽  
Attention Bias Variability

AbstractChildhood maltreatment has been associated with greater attention bias to emotional information, but the findings are controversial. Recently, a novel index of attention bias, i.e., attention bias variability (ABV), has been developed to better capture trauma-related attentional dysfunction. However, ABV in relation to childhood trauma has not been studied. Here, we examined the association of childhood maltreatment history with attention bias/ABV in 128 healthy adult women. Different types of childhood maltreatment were assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Attention bias/ABV was measured by the dot-probe task. Possible mechanisms whereby childhood maltreatment affects attention bias/ABV were also explored, focusing on blood proinflammatory markers and the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism. We observed a significant positive correlation between childhood emotional abuse and ABV (P = 0.002). Serum high-sensitivity tumor necrosis factor-α levels were significantly positively correlated with ABV (P < 0.001), but not with childhood maltreatment. Jonckheere–Terpstra trend test showed a significant tendency toward greater ABV with increasing numbers of the BDNF Met alleles (P = 0.021). A two-way analysis of variance further revealed that the genotype-by-emotional abuse interaction for ABV was significant (P = 0.022); individuals with the Val/Met and Met/Met genotypes exhibited even greater ABV when childhood emotional abuse was present. These results indicate that childhood emotional abuse can have a long-term negative impact on emotional attention control. Increased inflammation may be involved in the mechanism of ABV, possibly independently of childhood maltreatment. The BDNF Met allele may dose-dependently increase ABV by interacting with childhood emotional abuse.

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