What is Cyberstalking? A Review of Measurements

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052098548
Author(s):  
Chanelle Wilson ◽  
Lorraine Sheridan ◽  
David Garratt-Reed
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Definition Of

The absence of a widely accepted definition of cyberstalking has resulted in studies operationalizing it in various ways, reducing the comparability and generalizability of findings. The present work examined the most common behaviors and criteria used to operationalize cyberstalking within the quantitative literature. The definitions employed by the studies were evaluated in respect of (a) whether they included a minimum requirement for the number of times the behaviors needed to be repeated in order to be considered “cyberstalking”; (b) whether victim fear was required for the behaviors to be considered “cyberstalking”; (c) the timeframe within which the cyberstalking behavior needed to have occurred; and (d) the behaviors identified as indicating cyberstalking. The results demonstrated considerable variation in the specificity of criteria used. Of the 33 studies examined, 45% specifically defined a minimum number of behavioral repetitions required to classify the behaviors as “cyberstalking,” although there were some discrepancies in the number of behaviors specified across studies. Only 30% of studies included victim fear as a criterion and 70% of studies did not include specific timeframe requirements in which the behaviors needed to have occurred within. The number and description of behaviors included within scales used to measure “cyberstalking” varied widely. Some instruments utilized as many as 24 different items, whilst others identified cyberstalking through the use of two items. A series of recommendations are advanced aimed at providing criteria for defining and operationalizing cyberstalking that can be employed by future studies, with the ultimate aim of allowing greater comparability between results. From this a consistent knowledge base can be developed, and with it a deeper understanding of cyberstalking and how to counter it.

Use of Plerixafor in Predicted and Proven Poor Mobilizer (according to GITMO criteria). Experience of Policlinico Universitario Tor Vergata

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 4415-4415
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Postorino ◽  
Alessandro Lanti ◽  
Eleonora Fiorelli ◽  
Angelo Salvatore Ferraro ◽  
Oana Marilena Chiru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Correct Definition ◽  
Cd34 Cells ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Poor Mobilizer ◽  
Operational Criteria ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Abstract 4415 BACKGROUND. Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) of PBSCs has become a widely applied treatment for Multiple Mieloma (MM), non- Hodgking's lymphoma (NHL) and Hodgking's lymphoma (HL). Successful engraftment correlates with the number of CD34 hemopoietic progenitors cells infused. However, a part of MM or lymphoma patients (5% to 40%) fail to mobilize adequate numbers of PBSCs and thus cannot undergo to ASCT. The success of PBSCs mobilization is usually assessed by the total number of CD34+ stem cells collected, with a cutoff of 2.0–2.5 ×106 CD34+ cells/kg recipient body weight being considered as a minimum requirement for transplant. Poor mobilization of PBSCs is a major limitation to ASCT. Recently GITMO Working Group worked to define operational criteria for the identification/prediction of the poor mobilizer (PM) patients (Olivieri et al. 2011). Plerixafor, a CXCR4 chemochine antagonist, has been showed to improve significantly PBSC mobilization in PM patients. We present our experience using Plerixafor in PM patients classified according to GITMO criteria. METHODS. Between September 2009 and June 2012, a total of 17 patients (9F-8M) were enrolled. The diagnosis were: 10 MM (5F-5M), 1HL (1M), 6 NHL (4F-2M). The median age was 57 (range 15–66). 7 patients (3MM, 4NHL) were defined “Proven PM” and 10 patients (7MM, 2NHL, 1HL) “Predicted PM” according to GITMO criteria. The mobilization protocol included G-CSF, administered at a dose of 10μg/kg daily on 4 consecutive days. In the evening of the fourth day, patients received subcutaneous plerixafor at a dose of 0,24 mg/kg. Apheresis was initiated on the fifth day, 10–12 h after plerixafor and 1 h after G-CSF administration. Apheresis and daily administration of G-CSF and plerixafor continued until the patient collected enough CD34+ cells for auto- HSCT (> 2 ×106/kg; max 7 plerixafor injections if required). PBSC collection was initiated if peripheral CD34+ cells count was >10μl. A successful mobilization was defined as a total yeld of > 2×106/kg. RESULTS. 13 patients (76,5%) collected the minimum number of CD34 cells > 2×106/kg. The diagnosis were: 8MM, 1HL,1 NHL. 7 patients (2NHL; 4 MM; 1 LH; 7 predicted) were able to collect > 5×106/Kg. Only 4 patients (3 MM; 1 LNH; 4 proven) failed the mobilization because the numbers of cells CD34 were < 10μL and these patients did not undergo to apheresis procedures. The collection target of 2×106/Kg was reached in a median of 2 apheresis session (range 1–3). The technical characteristics of the procedures were (median value): blood volume processed 12 L (range 9–14), total CD34+/Kg collected 3,06 × 106(range 2,21-8,62), procedure efficiency 47,5% (range 35,3–79), duration of the procedure 261 minutes (range 210–309). Plerixafor was well tolerated and mild side effects were: reactions in the injection site, gastrointestinal disturbs, muscle pain. During administration of plerixafor we did not observe any significant laboratory abnormalities of liver or renal function. CONCLUSION. Unsuccessful mobilization represents an important limitation to ASCT in lymphoma and MM. In our experience plerixafor allowed to collect an appropriate amount of CD34 also in patients defined “proven PM” significantly reducing the percentage of patients that could not undergo ASCT (target value obtained in 43% of “proven PM”). Confirming the recent literature plerixafor is well tolerated with minimal side effects. We retrospectively applied GITMO criteria for PM patients and our experience, although limited, confirm that the use of a correct definition of PM allows the appropriate use of new mobilizing agents like plerixafor increasing significantly the therapeutic options also in patients who had no possibilities to receive an ASCT with the traditional mobilizing therapy. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Patients’ adherence to smartphone apps in the management of bipolar disorder: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Camille Patoz ◽  
Diego Hidalgo-Mazzei ◽  
Bruno Pereira ◽  
Olivier Blanc ◽  
Ingrid de Chazeron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Smartphone Apps ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Health Apps ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Digital Or

Abstract Background Despite an increasing number of available mental health apps in the bipolar disorder field, these tools remain scarcely implemented in everyday practice and are quickly discontinued by patients after downloading. The aim of this study is to explore adherence characteristics of bipolar disorder patients to dedicated smartphone interventions in research studies. Methods A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted. Three databases (EMBASE, PsychInfo and MEDLINE) were searched using the following keywords: "bipolar disorder" or "mood disorder" or “bipolar” combined with “digital” or “mobile” or “phone” or “smartphone” or “mHealth” or “ehealth” or "mobile health" or “app” or “mobile-health”. Results Thirteen articles remained in the review after exclusion criteria were applied. Of the 118 eligible studies, 39 did not provide adherence characteristics. Among the selected papers, study length, sample size and definition of measures of adherence were strongly heterogeneous. Activity rates ranged from 58 to 91.6%. Conclusion The adherence of bipolar patients to apps is understudied. Standardised measures of adherence should be defined and systematically evaluated in future studies dedicated to these tools.

scholarly journals Race Analysis in Competitive Swimming: A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Gonjo ◽  
Bjørn Harald Olstad
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Competitive Swimming ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Race Analysis

Researchers have quantified swimming races for several decades to provide objective information on race strategy and characteristics. The purpose of the present review was to summarize knowledge established in the literature and current issues in swimming race analysis. A systematic search of the literature for the current narrative review was conducted in September 2020 using Web of Science, SPORTDiscus (via EBSCO), and PubMed. After examining 321 studies, 22 articles were included in the current review. Most studies divided the race into the start, clean swimming, turn, and/or finish segments; however, the definition of each segment varied, especially for the turn. Ideal definitions for the start and turn-out seemed to differ depending on the stroke styles and swimmers’ level. Many studies have focused on either 100 m or 200 m events with the four strokes (butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke, and freestyle). Contrastingly, there were few or no studies for 50 m, long-distance, individual medley, and relay events. The number of studies examining races for short course, junior and Paralympic swimmers were also very limited. Future studies should focus on those with limited evidence as well as race analysis outside competitions in which detailed kinematic and physiological analyses are possible.

Isotaphonomy in concept and practice: an exploration of vertebrate microfossil bonebeds in the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Judith River Formation, north-central Montana

Paleobiology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond R. Rogers ◽  
Matthew T. Carrano ◽  
Kristina A. Curry Rogers ◽  
Magaly Perez ◽  
Anik K. Regan
Keyword(s):  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Sampling Strategies ◽  
North Central ◽  
Wetland Ecosystems ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Central Montana ◽  
Judith River Formation

AbstractVertebrate microfossil bonebeds (VMBs)—localized concentrations of small resilient vertebrate hard parts—are commonly studied to recover otherwise rarely found small-bodied taxa, and to document relative taxonomic abundance and species richness in ancient vertebrate communities. Analyses of taphonomic comparability among VMBs have often found significant differences in size and shape distributions, and thus considered them to be non-isotaphonomic. Such outcomes of “strict” statistical tests of isotaphonomy suggest discouraging limits on the potential for broad, comparative paleoecological reconstruction using VMBs. Yet it is not surprising that sensitive statistical tests highlight variations among VMB sites, especially given the general lack of clarity with regard to the definition of “strict” isotaphonomic comparability. We rigorously sampled and compared six VMB localities representing two distinct paleoenvironments (channel and pond/lake) of the Upper Cretaceous Judith River Formation to evaluate biases related to sampling strategies and depositional context. Few defining distinctions in bioclast size and shape are evident in surface collections, and most site-to-site comparisons of sieved collections are indistinguishable (p≤0.003). These results provide a strong case for taphonomic equivalence among the majority of Judith River VMBs, and bode well for future studies of paleoecology, particularly in relation to investigations of faunal membership and community structure in Late Cretaceous wetland ecosystems. The taphonomic comparability of pond/lake and channel-hosted VMBs in the Judith River Formation is also consistent with a formative model that contends that channel-hosted VMBs were reworked from pre-existing pond/lake assemblages, and thus share taphonomic history.

scholarly journals A REVIEW ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD QUALITY LEADERSHIP STYLE

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1152-1159
Author(s):  
Wael Ibrahim Alsarrani ◽  
Ahmad Jusoh
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Leadership Process ◽  
Definition Of

Purpose: Leadership is an interactive concept that influences our daily lives. A quality concept is an approach and philosophy that leaders use to incorporate the leadership process into the organization successfully. Both concepts have an incremental history, correlation, and discussion. However, the two concepts have not yet been theoretically and empirically integrated. This paper attempts to integrate and discuss leadership and quality to create a single quality leadership style based on the definition of quality gurus and the leadership styles which relate more towards the quality of leadership. Methodology: The study used a systematic literature review to review the past literature related to the field of leadership and quality management. This study provides the constructs from definitions proposed by experts in this field. Each leadership styles have many constructs that may or may not be related to quality. Results: The study proposed a conceptual framework which combined the definitions of quality gurus and the different leadership styles. The finding of this study has contributed to the expansion of theoretical knowledge in the field of quality leadership style. Implications: This paper indicated that the review of the literature regarding what quality gurus define as important relating to leadership. This paper provides the constructs from quality gurus definitions. Novelty: Each leadership styles have many constructs that may or may not be related to quality. Therefore, future studies need to consider what the constructs from those leadership styles are considered effective to quality.

On techniques of expert systems on the example of the Akinator program

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Zhangozha A.R. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Expert Systems ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Online Game ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Definition Of

On the example of the online game Akinator, the basic principles on which programs of this type are built are considered. Effective technics have been proposed by which artificial intelligence systems can build logical inferences that allow to identify an unknown subject from its description (predicate). To confirm the considered hypotheses, the terminological analysis of definition of the program "Akinator" offered by the author is carried out. Starting from the assumptions given by the author's definition, the article complements their definitions presented by other researchers and analyzes their constituent theses. Finally, some proposals are made for the next steps in improving the program. The Akinator program, at one time, became one of the most famous online games using artificial intelligence. And although this was not directly stated, it was clear to the experts in the field of artificial intelligence that the program uses the techniques of expert systems and is built on inference rules. At the moment, expert systems have lost their positions in comparison with the direction of neural networks in the field of artificial intelligence, however, in the case considered in the article, we are talking about techniques using both directions – hybrid systems. Games for filling semantics interact with the user, expanding their semantic base (knowledge base) and use certain strategies to achieve the best result. The playful form of such semantics filling programs is beneficial for researchers by involving a large number of players. The article examines the techniques used by the Akinator program, and also suggests possible modifications to it in the future. This study, first of all, focuses on how the knowledge base of the Akinator program is built, it consists of incomplete sets, which can be filled and adjusted as a result of further iterations of the program launches. It is important to note our assumption that the order of questions used by the program during the game plays a key role, because it determines its strategy. It was identified that the program is guided by the principles of nonmonotonic logic – the assumptions constructed by the program are not final and can be rejected by it during the game. The three main approaches to acquisite semantics proposed by Jakub Šimko and Mária Bieliková are considered, namely, expert work, crowdsourcing and machine learning. Paying attention to machine learning, the Akinator program using machine learning to build an effective strategy in the game presents a class of hybrid systems that combine the principles of two main areas in artificial intelligence programs – expert systems and neural networks.

Summary and outlook

2020 ◽  
pp. 241-244
Author(s):  
Lilo Moessner
Keyword(s):  
Genre Studies ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Construction Type ◽  
Genre Conventions ◽  
Adverbial Clauses ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Definition Of

The epilogue sets the book off against previous studies of the subjunctive. It summarizes the main results and derives rewarding topics for future studies from them. The frequency rise of subjunctives in main clauses at the end of the 14th century after its previous decreaseinvites an investigation of this construction type in the following periods. The hypothesis of the importance of the simplification of the verbal paradigm for the frequency decrease of the subjunctive is challenged by the observation that third person singular subjunctives contributed most to the survival of the category mood in all periods. This may be only one of the outstanding features of this form of the verbal paradigm. Changing genre conventions were found to correlate with changes in subjunctive use, and this opens a new perspective for genre studies. The inclusion of the category modality in the definition of the subjunctive allows answers to many questions about subjunctive use, among them its different development in individual construction types and adverbial clauses as well as the role it plays in periods of highly valued modal harmony.

The Missing System in Social Work's Application of Systems Theory

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 547-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Marks Mishne
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Systems Theory ◽  
Psychological Perspective ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of

Amid ongoing struggles regarding definition of the knowledge base for the social work profession, a meaningful application of an ego psychological perspective offers a significant, although not exclusive link. The concept is capable of contributing to coherence in the educational and practice base of social work.

Teacher leadership: toward a new conceptual framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Harrison Berg ◽  
Bill Zoellick
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Teacher Leadership ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Teacher Leader ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Education Leaders ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Teaching Learning

Purpose Conceptual ambiguity about the term “teacher leadership” has retarded development of useful research on this topic. The purpose of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework that researchers might utilize to clarify key assumptions embedded in their use of the term “teacher leadership,” enabling members of this research community to better understand and build upon each other’s work and to develop a knowledge base on teacher leadership. Design/methodology/approach In 2016 a community of researchers convened in a conversation about their varied conceptions of teacher leadership. The authors analyzed documentation from this convening to identify key ways in which members’ conceptions of teacher leadership diverged. They then drew upon the teacher–leader research literature and their own experiences with teacher–leader initiatives to propose a conceptual framework that would support researchers to define teacher leadership in ways that meet established criteria for an empirically-useful concept. Findings Four dimensions of teacher leadership that should be referenced in an empirically-useful definition of teacher leadership are: legitimacy, support, objective and method. It is hypothesized that clarifying one’s assumptions about each of these dimensions and providing descriptive evidence of how they are instantiated will address the conceptual ambiguity that currently stymies the accumulation of knowledge in this field. Originality/value This paper presents a framework that can provide a strong foundation for the development of a knowledge base on teacher leadership, which is needed to inform education leaders’ efforts to maximize teachers’ leadership influence as asset for improving teaching, learning and schools.

scholarly journals The implications of “miniaturism” for urban tourism destination futures – from micropubs to microbars

2019 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Claire Haynes ◽  
David Egan
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Urban Tourism ◽  
Tourism Destination ◽  
Hybrid Form ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Historic Development ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
Definition Of

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how the continued interest in the concept of “miniaturism” has seen the micropub develop into the new format of the microbar and examines the drivers of this trend. It then reflects on the possible implications of the rise of the microbar concept on the future of the urban tourism destination landscape. Design/methodology/approach This is a conceptual paper that is built on the natural curiosity of future studies to use an understanding of the present to predict what will happen next and what the implications of those developments will be. Findings The paper provides a clear definition of the microbar and identifies four distinctive drivers behind its conception, linked to changes in consumer behaviour. These cover the rise of the micro-break, the need for responsible urban regeneration, consumers desire for immediate and unique experiences and increasingly diverse populations. The paper predicts that these trends will drive an increase in microbars leading to greater tourist mobility in the urban tourism destination, more fragmentation and heterogeneity of products and services as well as an intensification in the need for authentic experiences and opportunity driven development giving rise to a hybrid form of guerrilla hospitality. Ultimately the authors predict that the venue will become more important than the specific location when consumers view the landscape of the urban tourism destination. Originality/value The focus of previous academic research has been on the historic development of the micropub and its impact on regeneration and communities, but very little literature has examined the rise of the microbar and the potential implications for the urban tourism destination.

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