scholarly journals Barriers to Quitting Smoking Among Young Adults: The Role of Socioeconomic Status

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Carlson ◽  
Rachel Widome ◽  
Lindsey Fabian ◽  
Xianghua Luo ◽  
Jean Forster
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Racially Diverse ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Prevalence Ratios ◽  
Limited Generalizability

Purpose: The aims of this analysis were to explore how self-reported barriers to quitting vary by socioeconomic status (SES) among young-adult smokers and to assess their relationship to quitting. Design: This analysis uses 2 waves of telephone-survey data from the Minnesota Adolescent Community Cohort study. Setting: Midwestern United States. Participants: Participants (n = 419) were smokers aged 17 to 24 years. Measures: Socioeconomic status was estimated using the highest level of education completed by the participants’ parents. Demographics, smoking behavior, and perceived barriers to quitting were collected via survey questions. Analysis: Differences in barriers by SES were assessed using prevalence ratios (PRs). Relative risks were calculated to assess the association between barriers and quitting status 1 year later, testing for effect modification by SES. Results: Compared to the high SES group (n = 314), the low SES group (n = 105) was more likely to report several barriers to quitting; however, only the risk of gaining weight was significantly more common (PR: 1.38 [1.05-1.83]). There were no significant associations between barriers and quitting status 1 year later, but the number of cigarettes per day was consistently related to the likelihood of quitting 1 year later, regardless of SES. Conclusion: Despite the limited generalizability to racially diverse populations and different geographic locations, the results suggest perceived barriers may not differ by SES or predict quitting among young adults; however, nicotine dependence may play an important role.

scholarly journals Having children is associated with a higher prevalence of COVID-19 among young adults in Kuwait

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saba Altamimi ◽  
Zain Almokhaizeem ◽  
Heba Alfouzan ◽  
Bedour AlHajri ◽  
Deema Alenezi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

Objectives: The role of children in the transmission of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains unclear. We investigated whether having children is associated with self-reported COVID-19 among adults. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolled adults (n=2368; aged ≥21 years). Prior COVID-19 diagnosis and having children were self-reported. Associations were assessed using Poisson regression and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. Results: Overall, 4.8% (114/2355) of the participants reported having had COVID-19. In the total sample, having children showed a trend for association with having had COVID-19 (aPR: 1.46, 95% CI: 0.99-2.14). Among participants aged 21-29 years, having children was associated with an increased prevalence of COVID-19 (aPR: 2.50, 95% CI: 1.21-5.20). Such an association was not detected in adults aged ≥30 years. Conclusions: Our epidemiological findings highlight the possible role of children in spreading COVID-19. Hence, preventive measures should consider the role of children.

scholarly journals Increasing smoking cessation adherence: Do we need to consider the role of executive function and rumination?

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Marianna Masiero ◽  
Mark Cropley ◽  
Gabriella Pravettoni
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Moderator Effects ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Directing Attention ◽  
Potential Moderator

Despite the cost and health consequences, a large number of people continue to smoke cigarettes worldwide every day. Notwithstanding, there have been a number of interventions to help people stop smoking but, in general, these have produced only limited success, and better interventions are needed. Accruing evidence affirmed that rumination and executive function play a pivotal role in cigarette smoking behavior, and in this editorial, we describe and discuss the key findings between these constructs and smoking, and argue that an impairment in executive functions does not act alone, but interacts with rumination by directing attention to depressive thoughts, thereby reducing the ability of smokers to engage in constructive behaviors, such as quitting smoking. Finally, we offer a new theory-driven model based on a deep understanding of the interactions between executive functions and rumination and potential moderator effects.

Pathways of Nicotine Product Use: A Qualitative Study of Youth and Young Adults in California

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 722-727
Author(s):  
Tamar M J Antin ◽  
Catherine Hess ◽  
Emily Kaner ◽  
Sharon Lipperman-Kreda ◽  
Rachelle Annechino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Product Use ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Nicotine Delivery ◽  
Youth And Young Adults

Abstract Introduction Existing research on youth’s adoption of alternative nicotine delivery systems (ANDS) has focused on identifying pathways of nicotine product use, specifically examining whether vaping encourages progression to smoking. Few studies have considered other pathways of initiation. Qualitative studies suggest that meanings of vaping vary significantly, suggestive of the need for a more nuanced understanding of the role of vaping for youth with different pathways into vaping and smoking. Methods We conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with 49 Californian youth between 15 and 25 years old who reported ever vaping nicotine to gain a deeper understanding of their initiation pathways of vaping and smoking, paying special attention to youth’s experiences and reasons for ANDS initiation and use. Categorizing participants into initiation pathways by self-reported use and age of initiation of ANDS and cigarettes, we then compared the meaning and role of vaping across three distinct pathways of use: (1) smoking to vaping, (2) vaping to smoking, and (3) vaping only. Results The most common pathway reported was smoking to vaping (74%), eight participants began vaping before smoking, and five participants reported only vaping but never smoking. Analysis of participants’ narratives emphasized that youth in our study, regardless of initiation pathway, were generally aware of the health consequences of smoking and negotiated their use of nicotine products considering relative risks. Conclusion Findings from this study suggest that ANDS serve as a transitional tool for youth who are keenly aware of the health consequences of smoking, thus challenging conventional discourses about ANDS as a threat to youth’s health. Implications This qualitative study queries concerns about the potential of alternative nicotine delivery systems (ANDS) to serve as a gateway into cigarette smoking for youth and young adults. Findings suggest that most of the youth participants discussed and considered relative risks in their pathways of initiation, highlighting the need to acknowledge harm reduction in constructing public health messaging and policies for smoking cessation.

scholarly journals Perceived Barriers to Care and Attitudes Towards Shared Decision-making Among Low Socioeconomic Status Parents: Role of Health Literacy

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Shonna Yin ◽  
Benard P. Dreyer ◽  
Karina L. Vivar ◽  
Suzanne MacFarland ◽  
Linda van Schaick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Barriers To Care ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Low Socioeconomic

scholarly journals Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Depressive Symptoms of Young Adults: Mediating Role of Childhood Trauma

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caiyan Yang ◽  
Peiyi Chen ◽  
Junyi Xie ◽  
Yongtong He ◽  
You Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Child Neglect ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Childhood Socioeconomic Status

Background: Studies have shown that low childhood socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with a high prevalence of depressive symptoms. Childhood trauma, as a potential consequence of low SES, may play an important part, but the mediation effect of childhood trauma remains to be elucidated.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1,807 university students. The MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Economic Status—Youth Version, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and Beck Depression Inventory were used to measure childhood SES, childhood trauma, and current depressive symptoms, respectively. A structural equation model (SEM) was employed to demonstrate the mediating role of childhood trauma on the association between childhood SES and depressive symptoms.Results: The SEM demonstrated that childhood SES had significant indirect effects upon depressive symptoms via childhood trauma. Childhood trauma accounted for 89.3% of the total effect, indicating a profound mediation effect.Conclusions: The effect of childhood SES on the depressive symptoms of young adults was mediated by childhood trauma, which emphasizes the importance of early prevention and intervention of child neglect/abuse.

Particularities of tinnitus in children and adolescents

ORL ro ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
Alexandra Boloș ◽  
Sebastian Cozma ◽  
Andreea Silvana Szalontay
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches

Tinnitus is a common otologic symptom and probably the most troublesome. Tinnitus causes a number of physical and psychological consequences, that interfere with the quality of life of the patient. Many authors believe that the presence of tinnitus in children is a matter of lesser importance than in adults because it is met less frequently and would be a fleeting symptom, inoffensive for them (Graham, 1981). In addition, the prevalence of tinnitus during adolescence and even in young adults is increasing, possibly as a consequence of the increased ambient noise (Bulbul SF, Shargorodsky J). Various therapeutic approaches have generated different results, which led us to consider the role of psychological factors, hence the need to underline the particularities of this symptom in childhood.  

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