scholarly journals Assessment of the Role of the Mandibular First Molar Tooth in Mandibular Fracture Patterns of 29 Dogs

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Scherer ◽  
Scott Hetzel ◽  
Christopher J. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Mandibular Fracture ◽  
Fracture Repair ◽  
Molar Tooth ◽  
Mandibular Fractures ◽  
Fracture Classification ◽  
Imaging Evaluation ◽  
Structural Support ◽  
Fracture Patterns ◽  
Mandibular First Molar

Mandibular fractures at the level of the first molar tooth (M1) were assessed in 29 dogs. Patients included in this study demonstrated fractures involving the M1 tooth, tooth bud, or alveolus (if tooth was absent). Diagnostic imaging evaluation included intraoral dental radiography and/or computed tomography (CT) with 3D reconstruction. The distal root was involved in 55.2% of cases, mesial root involvement in 34.5% of cases, and the tooth was absent in 10.3% of cases. Fractures were described in the rostral-to-caudal direction. Fractures tended to occur in the caudoventral direction ( P = .057). Cases with CT imaging were also evaluated in the buccolingual direction. Fractures were found to occur significantly more frequently in the caudolingual direction ( P = .022). When classifying fracture patterns along M1 according to a previously published fracture classification system, it was noted that fractures occurred significantly more frequently in either the mesial ( P < .001) or distal ( P < .001) roots by coursing along the periodontal ligament space and communicating with the periapical region. Active or nonworsening periodontitis was described as radiographic or tomographic evidence of (>25%) bone loss in the vertical or horizontal direction. Periodontitis was associated with 7 (24.1%) cases. These results help frame the challenges associated with fracture repair at the M1 location. Treatment planning considerations should include limited structural support caudal to fractures involving the distal root, more frequent involvement of the distal root over the mesial root, risk for poor endodontic prognosis, and the predilection for unfavorable fracture patterns to occur.

Oral Fractures in Dogs of Brazil — A Retrospective Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda M. Lopes ◽  
Marco Antonio Gioso ◽  
Daniel G. Ferro ◽  
Marco A. Leon-Roman ◽  
Michèle A.F.A. Venturini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Mandibular Fracture ◽  
Molar Tooth ◽  
Mandibular Fractures ◽  
Maxillary Bone ◽  
Pathologic Fractures ◽  
Mandibular Region ◽  
Mandibular First Molar ◽  
Angular Process ◽  
Molar Region

A retrospective study was performed in 100 dogs with 121 mandibular and 21 maxillary fractures. Dogfight (43.0 %) and automobile (12.0 %) trauma were the most common etiologies for fracture. The cause of fracture was unknown in 23.0% of the cases, while pathologic fractures occurred in 13.0 % of cases. Young dogs (< 1-year-old) and dogs > 8-years of age were most affected. Mandibular fractures occurred in 90 dogs (90.0 %), with two dogs (2.2 %) having concurrent maxillary fractures. Maxillary fractures only were diagnosed in 10 dogs (10.0 %). The molar region (47.1 %) was the most commonly affected location for mandibular fracture, followed by fractures of the symphysis and parasymphysis (30.6 %), premolar region (17.4 %), angular process (4.1 %) and vertical ramus (0.8 %). In fractures of the mandibular region, the mandibular first molar tooth was often (85.9%) involved while the canine teeth were involved in 67.5 % of symphyseal and parasymphyseal fractures. The most common fracture of the maxilla was the maxillary bone (52.4 %), followed by the incisive (33.3 %), palatine (9.5 %), and nasal (4.8 %) bones.

scholarly journals A retrospective study of 109 dogs with mandibular fractures

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 01-05 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. de Rooster ◽  
S. M. Ferreira ◽  
G. Steenkamp ◽  
A. M. Kitshoff
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Fracture Morphology ◽  
Mandibular Fracture ◽  
Fracture Repair ◽  
Fracture Line ◽  
Mandibular Fractures ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
New Treatment

SummaryObjective: To determine patient factors and fracture morphology of dogs presented with mandibular fractures to a small animal referral centre in South Africa.Methods: Patient data on age, sex, breed and aetiology of dogs with mandibular fractures were recorded. The fractures were classified according to the anatomical location, displacement, fracture type, fracture line direction, periodontal pathology, and whether there were teeth in the fracture line or not by evaluation of preoperative radiographs. Clinical observations indicated whether these fractures were open or closed.Results: In total, 109 dogs with 135 mandibular fractures were included in the study. Small breed dogs and dogs less than eight months of age predominated (102/109). Dog fights were the most common aetiology in this study (68/109). The molar region was the most commonly affected region (56/135). Evaluation of the radiographs revealed that transverse (73/135), relatively unstable (116/135), and displaced (112/135) fractures were the most common. The majority of fractures involved teeth in the fracture line (100/135), with the first molar frequently involved (54/135). The majority of fractures were open (104/135).Clinical significance: The results obtained from this study may be used to guide patient and fracture morphology selection in biomechanical studies of mandibular fracture repair techniques. Screening of this patient population may inspire the search for new treatment options for mandibular fracture repair in South Africa.

Hemisection and Endodontic Treatment of First Molar Tooth and Mandibular Fracture Repair in a Dog

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-108
Author(s):  
Gyu-min Kim ◽  
Jury Kim ◽  
Hyeon-a Bae ◽  
Nam-soo Kim ◽  
Dong-Beom Ji
Keyword(s):  
Mandibular Fracture ◽  
Fracture Repair ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Molar Tooth

Feline Mandibular Fractures

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Woodbridge ◽  
Martin Owen
Keyword(s):  
Small Animal ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Mandibular Fracture ◽  
Fracture Repair ◽  
Dental Occlusion ◽  
Mandibular Fractures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Veterinary Surgeon ◽  
Fixation Techniques ◽  
Animal Surgery

Practical relevance: Mandibular fractures occur commonly in cats and appropriate treatment is vital to ensure restoration of dental occlusion and masticatory function. Clinical challenges: Historically, a relatively high complication rate has been reported in association with mandibular fracture repair, and these complications can represent a significant challenge for the veterinary surgeon. Audience: General practitioners as well as specialists in small animal surgery are presented with fractures of the mandible on a regular basis. Patient group: Cats of all ages can suffer mandibular fracture; however, young cats (mean age 30 months) are over-represented. No sex predilection is reported. Equipment: The nature of the equipment required for mandibular fracture repair varies greatly, depending on the fracture type and location. An uncomplicated mandibular symphyseal fracture requires only basic orthopaedic equipment whereas the surgeon must ensure they have access to a wide range of orthopaedic equipment prior to undertaking repair of a complex mandibular fracture. Evidence base: Management of mandibular fractures is a complex subject. Over the past three decades many fixation techniques have been described in the veterinary literature, with authors analysing and discussing the surgical management of these potentially challenging injuries.

Mandibular fracture repair in dogs and cats using epoxy resin and acrylic external skeletal fixation

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Hobbs ◽  
A. P. Moores ◽  
D. Bennett ◽  
S. Carmichael ◽  
M. R. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Mandibular Fracture ◽  
Fracture Repair ◽  
Dental Occlusion ◽  
Mandibular Fractures ◽  
Implant Loosening ◽  
Inhalational Anaesthesia ◽  
Iatrogenic Damage ◽  
Neurovascular Structures

SummaryMandibular fractures in 17 dogs and in eight cats were managed using external skeletal fixation (ESF) with acrylic or epoxy resin connecting bars. In order to maintain dental occlusion during fracture repair pha- ryngostomy or tracheostomy was performed in 12 dogs and in six cats to permit inhalational anaesthesia during surgery. All of the fractures healed with the exception of fractures in two dogs. Mandibular external skeletal fixation was well tolerated and there was not any evidence of iatrogenic damage to teeth nor to neurovascular structures within the mandible. Implant loosening was commonly observed at the time of fixator removal, but it did not affect the outcome.

scholarly journals Complications of Mandibular Fracture Repair and Secondary Reconstruction

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (04) ◽  
pp. 225-231
Author(s):  
Daniel Perez ◽  
Edward Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Mandibular Fracture ◽  
Fracture Repair ◽  
Mandibular Fractures ◽  
Secondary Reconstruction ◽  
Facial Injuries ◽  
The Common

AbstractMandibular fractures are common facial injuries. Their treatment varies as do postoperative complications. This paper discusses the common complications that are associated with the treatment of mandibular fractures and presents management strategies.

scholarly journals ROLE OF CYTOKINE-MEDIATED MECHANISMS IN DEVELOPMENT OF POST-TRAUMATIC MANDIBULAR OSTEOMYELITIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 953-958
Author(s):  
E. V. Paskova ◽  
E. V. Markelova ◽  
K. I. Shakhgeldyan ◽  
B. I. Geltser ◽  
A. B. Kriger
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Mandibular Fracture ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Mandibular Fractures ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Posttraumatic Osteomyelitis ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Binary Classifiers ◽  
Mixed Saliva

Osteomyelitis of the lower jaw is one of the urgent problems of modern medicine. There are many reasons for the evolvement of purulent necrotic processes of the jaw bones, including the role of disorders in the systems of innate and adaptive immunity. The aim of the study was to determine the content of TNFα, IL-17, IL-4 in serum and mixed saliva in patients with uncomplicated mandibular fractures and posttraumatic osteomyelitis to determine the possibility of using these indicators for early diagnosis of posttraumatic complications. The article presents the results of a study of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-17 (IL-17) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) cytokines in serum and mixed saliva in patients with uncomplicated mandibular fracture and post-traumatic osteomyelitis at the first and tenth days of observation. By means of single-layer neural networks, binary classifiers were built, allowing patients to be stratified by the clinical form of the disease and to predict its course. The probability of uncomplicated mandibular fracture is described by the ratio P = 1/(1+e-z), where the index z is determined by the level of TNFα, IL-17, and IL-4 at the first and tenth day of observation. The simulation confirmed high prognostic significance of serum TNFα and IL-17 for early verification of posttraumatic osteomyelitis, which was confirmed by the OTC and ROC indices, which varied from 87 to 100% in different models. Models 4 and 5, where TNFα recorded on the tenth day of the study was used as predictors, and a combination of TNFα and IL-17 obtained on the first day of hospitalization, were the most accurate. Modeling the results of the study of immunological indicators in the mixed saliva showed that the predictive properties have only IL-4 and IL-17, was on the tenth day of hospitalization that distinguishes these binary classifiers from similar indexes, derive from the levels of cytokines in blood serum. The results of the study indicate the important role of disorders in the system of рro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in pathogenesis of post-traumatic osteomyelitis.

scholarly journals Crown Preservation of the Mandibular First Molar Tooth Impacts the Strength and Stiffness of Three Non-Invasive Jaw Fracture Repair Constructs in Dogs

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Lothamer ◽  
Christopher John Snyder ◽  
Sarah Duenwald-Kuehl ◽  
John Kloke ◽  
Ronald P. McCabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Repair ◽  
Molar Tooth ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Mandibular First Molar

scholarly journals Dysregulation of Astrocyte–Neuronal Communication in Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7887
Author(s):  
Carmen Nanclares ◽  
Andres Mateo Baraibar ◽  
Alfonso Araque ◽  
Paulo Kofuji
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Ionic Homeostasis ◽  
Neuronal Communication ◽  
Structural Support

Recent studies implicate astrocytes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, their role in pathogenesis is poorly understood. Astrocytes have well-established functions in supportive functions such as extracellular ionic homeostasis, structural support, and neurovascular coupling. However, emerging research on astrocytic function in the healthy brain also indicates their role in regulating synaptic plasticity and neuronal excitability via the release of neuroactive substances named gliotransmitters. Here, we review how this “active” role of astrocytes at synapses could contribute to synaptic and neuronal network dysfunction and cognitive impairment in AD.

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