Making waves: A cross-study analysis of young people’s participation arenas in Scotland’s schools

Childhood ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 090756822110539
Author(s):  
Beth Cross ◽  
Greg Mannion ◽  
Rachel Shanks
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Democratic Participation ◽  
Study Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Relational Dynamics ◽  
Participation Research ◽  
School Activity

This article compares democratic participation research in Scottish schools over a 10-year period. The comparison reveals how ‘organic’ aspects of decision-making arise in arenas of school activity. We argue that research heretofore has focussed on pupil councils to the exclusion of more everyday embedded and embodied choices. Primary researchers in the studies revisited data, drawing on their respective theoretical frameworks, to consider how new materialist perspectives offer ways to attend differently to the recursive, relational dynamics of participation.

How Should We Educate Students Whose Cultures Frown upon Rational Disputation?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Democratic Participation ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Full Participation ◽  
Rational Argumentation

`How should public education in democratic states deal with the cultural diversity brought about by contemporary globalization? My suggestion is that key to democratic public education is the obligation to foster in students the skills and abilities, and attitudes and dispositions, needed to participate fully in democratic decision-making. Of central importance are the abilities and dispositions required for critical thinking and rational argumentation: evaluating arguments of others, constructing arguments of one’s own that might rationally persuade one’s fellow citizens, etc. Without these abilities and dispositions, full participation in democratic decision-making is impossible. But fostering them is problematic when students are members of cultures in which argumentation is frowned upon. In this paper I address this tension, and argue that while respecting cultural differences is of the first importance, in democracies it cannot override the requirements of democracy itself. When these two clash, the requirements of democratic participation must take precedence.

Did Groupthink or Polythink Derail the 2016 Raqqa Offensive?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasey Barr ◽  
Alex Mintz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Study Analysis ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Case Study Analysis ◽  
The Us ◽  
Tactical Decisions

This chapter examines the effect of group dynamics on the 2016 decision within the administration of President Barack Obama to lead the international coalition in a mission to liberate Raqqa, Syria, from the Islamic State. The authors show that whereas the groupthink syndrome characterized the decision-making process of the US-led coalition’s decision to attack Raqqa, it was polythink that characterized the decision-making dynamics both in the US-led coalition and within the inner circle of Obama’s own foreign policy advisors. Through case-study analysis, the authors illustrate that groupthink is more likely in strategic decisions, whereas polythink is more likely in tactical decisions.

Law Matters

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Bailey ◽  
Forrest Maltzman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Democratic Participation ◽  
Bill Of Rights ◽  
Judicial Decision ◽  
Stare Decisis ◽  
Judicial Decision Making ◽  
Judicial Decisions ◽  
Strict Interpretation ◽  
Commerce Clause

Building on the theoretical model of Chapter 3, this chapter seeks to assess whether “law” affects judicial decisions independently of policy preferences. Numerous legal doctrines may shape judicial decision-making, including stare decisis, originalism, plain meaning, the promotion of democratic participation, and doctrines with regard to specific elements of the Constitution such as the Bill of Rights or the commerce clause. The chapter concentrates on three legal doctrines (stare decisis, strict interpretation of the Constitution, and judicial restraint) that are both prominent and clearly more likely to play a role in structuring decision-making on some cases than on others. These doctrines are not necessarily canons of jurisprudence that are universally shared; they are principles that are widely acknowledged in the legal world as appropriately influencing constitutional interpretation.

The Cyber Acumen

2019 ◽  
pp. 192-208
Author(s):  
Xiang Michelle Liu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Major Purpose ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Policies And Procedures ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Effective Decision Making

The major purpose of this chapter is to understand average user's decision-making process in cybersecurity by reviewing and integrating several major theoretical frameworks discussed and applied in decision making processes in cybersecurity. The average users are the ones who do not realize or understand when or how to perform security-critical decisions, the ones who are unmotivated to comply with company and school cybersecurity policies and procedures due to inconvenience, and the ones who do not have sufficient knowledge in cybersecurity to make sound security decisions. It is important to discuss and understand the role of such users and their behaviors based on systematic analysis so that we can identify potential factors causing “poor” security decisions and find ways to reduce the likelihood of being victims of cyber-attacks. The ultimate goal is to provide insights and make recommendations on how to foster individual's cyber acumen and cultivate a more effective decision-making process.

Inter-Relational Dynamics of Various HR Aspects in High Altitude Illness Attrition

2020 ◽  
pp. 114-132
Author(s):  
Ajeya Jha ◽  
Ajay Dheer ◽  
Vijay Kumar Mehta ◽  
Saibal Kumar Saha
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Relational Dynamics ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Personal Stress ◽  
High Altitude Illness ◽  
And Performance

The adverse health effects of high altitude are of considerable importance since they may seriously interfere with working efficiency of an organization that is actively involved with inescapable duties. The objective of the current study is to explore inter-relational dynamics of various HR aspects in HAIA. The HR aspects included are job delay, poor team, motivation, less leave, high working hours, poor decision making, personal stress, family stress, personal discomfort, uncertainty, poor relations, health, accidents, quality and performance. A decision-making trial and an evaluation laboratory have been used to explore the inter-relation dynamics of various factors of HR. The results indicate that personal stress has the highest impact priority which is followed by poor performance, poor team and motivation. Uncertainty, less leave, and high working hours has the least impact priority. It is also found that high working hours, less leave and poor health are the major causes whereas decrease in motivation and poor quality of work are the major results.

Personality, Relationships, and Decision Making with Relational Dynamics

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Bathory
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Economic Models ◽  
Relational Dynamics ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Variable Probability

Within the field of Economics there is great interest in predicting the future. In creating Economic Models the rationale has been to create fixed equations that can account for all variables associated with the issues of capital, labor, wages, prices, tariffs and taxes but few models explored the human variable. Probability Statistics bases decision making models upon mathematical predictions. Game Theory is an economic model that begins to explain the rationale of human decision making, but fails to account for flawed thinking and pathology. Relational Dynamics attempts to provide a means of understanding the strategies used in communication and decision making. Within humanity, not all decisions are made rationally and to account for illogical choices, psychology has provided theories of pathology to explain human idiosyncrasies. This paper will explore personality disorders as described by the DSM V and Relational Dynamics in an attempt to understand how pathology influences relationships, decision making and behavioral economics.

scholarly journals Exploring the experiences and perspectives of substitute decision-makers involved in decisions about deceased organ donation: a qualitative study protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e034594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Crawshaw ◽  
Justin Presseau ◽  
Zack van Allen ◽  
Livia Pinheiro Carvalho ◽  
Kim Jordison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Theoretical Domains Framework ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Sampling Frame ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Deceased Organ Donation ◽  
Substitute Decision Makers ◽  
Regulation Model

IntroductionIn Canada, deceased organ donation provides over 80% of transplanted organs. At the time of death, families, friends or others assume responsibility as substitute decision-makers (SDMs) to consent to organ donation. Despite their central role in this process, little is known about what barriers, enablers and beliefs influence decision-making among SDMs. This study aims to explore the experiences and perspectives of SDMs involved in making decisions around the withdrawal of life-sustaining therapies, end-of-life care and deceased organ donation.Methods and analysisSDMs of 60 patients admitted to intensive care units will be enrolled for this study. Ten hospitals across five provinces in Canada in a prospective multicentre qualitative cohort study. We will conduct semistructured telephone interviews in English or French with SDMs between 6 and 8 weeks after the patient’s death. Our sampling frame will stratify SDMs into three groups: SDMs who were not approached for organ donation; SDMs who were approached and consented to donate and SDMs who were approached but did not consent to donate. We will use two complementary theoretical frameworks—the Common-Sense Self-Regulation Model and the Theoretical Domains Framework— to inform our interview guide. Interview data will be analysed using deductive directed content analysis and inductive thematic analysis.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal Research Ethics Board. The findings from this study will help identify key factors affecting substitute decision-making in deceased organ donation, reasons for non-consent and barriers to achieve congruency between SDM and patient wishes. Ultimately, these data will contribute to the development and evaluation of tools and training for healthcare providers to support SDMs in making decisions about organ donation.Trial registration numberNCT03850847.

Outcomes of Participatory Decision Making

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 226-247
Author(s):  
Marsela Dauti
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Democratic Participation ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Participatory Decision Making ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Local Elite ◽  
Decentralized Governance ◽  
Participation In Decision Making

Citizen participation in decision making is being promoted in many countries transitioning from centralized to decentralized governance. Despite their common underlying premise, participatory programs vary in scope and nature. This study investigates the outcomes of promoting citizen participation in decision making in the municipality of Kuçova (Albania) where participation did not emerge from the community but rather was promoted by municipal leaders. Findings suggest that a top-down approach to participation in tandem with a bottom-up approach can be promising in a context that lacks a tradition of democratic participation. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the participatory program and draw several conclusions for promoting participation in decision making in a context characterized by a strong legacy of centralized governance and distrustful relationships between the local elite and community members.

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