Influence of high road labor policies and practices on renewable energy costs, decarbonization pathways, and labor outcomes

Achieving an economy-wide net-zero greenhouse gas emissions goal by mid-century in the United States entails transforming the energy workforce. In this study, we focus on the influence of increased labor compensation and domestic manufacturing shares on (1) renewable energy technology costs, (2) the costs of transitioning the U.S. economy to net-zero emissions, and (3) labor outcomes, including total employment and wage benefits, associated with the deployment of utility-scale solar photovoltaics (PV) and land based and offshore wind power. We find that manufacturing and installation labor cost premiums as well as increases in domestic content shares across wind and utility-scale solar photovoltatic supply chains result in relatively modest increases in total capital and operating costs. These small increases in technology costs may be partially or fully offset by increases in labor productivity. We also show that solar and wind technology cost premiums associated with high road labor policies have a minimal effect on the pace and scale of renewable energy deployment and the total cost of transitioning to a net-zero emissions economy. Public policies such as tax credits, workforce development support, and other instruments can redistribute technology cost premiums associated with high road labor policies to support both firms and workers.

THE ROLE OF FRENCH ISLAMIC STUDIES AND ARABIC STUDIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE

French Islamic studies, which have traditionally been at the forefront of humanitarian knowledge, have experienced their ups and downs: Orientalism generated by the era of the Crusades, colonial politics and the postcolonial period of the crisis of recovery, in which migrants live, “border” on the once advanced concept of multiculturalism, the search for an inclusive education and tolerant social and labor policies. Scientists note that the historiographic works of the early 20th century authored by French researchers focus on the negative consequences of the Arab-Muslim conquests for the development of the classical culture of the North African region. Later, with the study of the intellectual heritage of Muslim cultural figures, scientific knowledge came to understand the role of Islamic culture in ensuring the preservation of ancient traditions and the continuous development of humanistic thought. Historiographic and geopolitical work has been replaced by interdisciplinary research based on a cross-cultural approach. In this regard, Islamic scholarly discourse is enriched by the research of Muslim authors who speak Arabic, Turkish, Farsi, who are able to reveal the problems under study related to Islam from the inside, and not from the standpoint of subject-object relations.

Building on Vietnam’s Recent COVID-19 Success: A Job-Focused Analysis of Individual Assessments on Their Finance and the Economy

Despite the harmful effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on income and employment loss around the globe, hardly any formal study exists on household finance and future economic expectations in poorer countries. We offer an early study that aims to fill this gap from the labor market angle. We implemented and analyzed a new web-based rapid assessment survey immediately after the removal of lockdown measures in Vietnam, a low-middle income country that has received widespread recognition for its successful fight against the pandemic. We find that having a job is strongly and positively associated with better finance and more income and savings, as well as more optimism about the resilience of the economy. Further disaggregating employment along the security dimension into different types of jobs such as self-employment and jobs with permanent and short-term contracts, we find those with permanent job contracts to have fewer job worries and better assessments for the economy. Individuals with good health tend to have more positive evaluations for their current and future finance, but there is mixed evidence for those with higher educational levels. These findings are relevant for the ongoing fight against the pandemic and post-outbreak labor policies, especially in a developing country context.

The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on The Work Landscape and Employment Policy Responses: Insights From Labor Policies Adopted in The Greek Context

This study explores the impact of Covid-19 on labor relations and public labor relations policies. Focus is given to the worldwide effects of the pandemic on employment, the impact of Covid-19 on the European labor landscape, the impact of the pandemic on the Greek labor context, and the main labor policies and measures adopted in Greece during Covid-19. The analysis of the effects of the pandemic on employment is based on published research material from ILO, Eurofound and the database of the Greek Ministry of Labor. The section concerning the impact of Covid-19 on the labor relations policies and the measures adopted in the Greek context is based on the analysis of the Greek institutional framework and the related legislative acts. The main employment policy responses to Covid-19 pandemic are ensuring workers’ safety, maintaining adequate paid sick leave, upholding support for workers with caring needs, adapting job retention schemes, ensuring adequate income protection, expanding employment services and training and giving the young people the support they need. Planning and implementing effective labor policies is a demanding goal that requires cooperation and synergies among economic, research, innovation and lifelong education policies.

The Transnational Formation of a Healthy Nation: Uruguayan Travelling Reformers in the Early 20th Century (1905–1931)

Introduction: This study traces the different forms of trans- and international interactions of the Uruguayan public health reformers in the first three decades of the 20th century (1905–1931) and proposes to analyze these interactions regarding the factors that facilitated them, the purposes they followed, and the meanings which the reformers attributed to their travels and missions. Development: The analysis of this study is divided into five sections. The first section provides a thorough literature review of the transnational perspectives on health, welfare, and labor policies in early twentieth-century Uruguay, followed by a second section that introduces this study’s main group of actors—Uruguayan health reformers attached to key state institutions—and identifies the different forms of their transnational interaction. Three analytical sections follow, which take a closer look in turn at the reformers’ participation in international conferences, their individual study tours to specific institutions in Europe and the Americas, and individual participation in a collective study tour organized by the League of Nations Health Organization (INHO). Conclusion: This study ends with a summary of the findings, examines their relation to the existing literature, and provides an outlook toward further questions to explore.

Conscription Systems, Political Survival, and Battlefield Deaths

How do countries’ conscription systems affect their ability to fight wars? Scholars have devoted significant attention to understanding how domestic political concerns influence military strategy, but we do not yet know how these concerns are shaped by military labor policies. We argue that conscription systems determine how the human costs of war are distributed throughout society, and in turn, the government’s tolerance for battlefield casualties in pursuit of victory. Using new data on every country’s conscription policy from 1800 to the present, we demonstrate that countries with selective conscription experience more casualties than those with universal conscription or volunteer militaries. To examine the mechanism we theorize, we then conduct an in-depth case study of the United States’ experience during the Vietnam War. Using adifference-in-differences design and new data on all American deaths in Vietnam, we show that changes in county death rates after the introduction of the lottery reflect electoral considerations.

Refugio y remesas: un análisis basado en «El perfil socioeconómico de refugiados en Brasil. Subsidios para el desarrollo de políticas»

Latin American interregional migration has increased dramatically in the past two decades. One of the countries contributing to the growth of these flows is Brazil, whose participation was consolidated due to international factors, its reception and its legal labor policies. Despite this, the relationship between migration, development and remittances remains poorly studied by Brazilian scholars. The discussion presented here focuses on a circumscribed analysis of refugees who had been legally recognized by the Brazilian State by the end of 2018. Thanks to research data on 487 refugees living in Brazil by then, it was possible to analyze their life conditions, the value and regularity of remittances received and/or sent, among other aspects. The results showed that low wages did not prevent refugees, for the most part, from sending remittances abroad nor, for some, from receiving it. Despite its low value, its regularity seems to keep alive the networks and dependency relations between those who migrate and those who remain in the origin countries.

STRATEGI ADAPTASI ALLIUM TANGERANG HOTEL PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic that occurred in March 2020 resulted in a drastic decrease in the occupancy rate of Allium Tangerang Hotel. In April 2020, the room occupancy rate has dropped dramatically. This resulted in the Allium Tangerang Hotel being closed throughout May 2020. Allium Tangerang Hotel is trying to adapt to the COVID-19 pandemic. The research objectives were to (1) describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Allium Tangerang Hotel, and (2) analyze the adaptation strategy of Allium Tangerang Hotel during the COVID-19 pandemic. The method used is qualitative. The data sources were selected using purposive sampling method. The selected informants were General Manager of Allium Tangerang Hotel, Human Resources Department Manager of Allium Tangerang Hotel, Front Office Manager of Allium Tangerang Hotel, and Front Office Supervisor of Allium Tangerang Hotel. The data analysis technique used in this research is interactive analysis. The findings of the research show that the COVID-19 Allium Tangerang Hotel pandemic must close the hotel operations as a whole which affects labor policies. The strategy used by Allium Tangerang Hotel is downsizing. Allium Tangerang Hotel management has developed a confronting style in supporting adaptation strategies to face the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of this study can encourage the management of Allium Tangerang Hotel for planning in facing crises, especially in the hotel industry for business sustainability.

Employability and job insecurity: The role of personal resources on work-related stress

This study is aimed to assess the effect of both employability and personal resources, in terms of pro-activity and self-efficacy, on the relationship between job insecurity and psycho-social distress. Using survey data from 211 participants, among employed, unemployed and workers in transition, we analyzed the incidence of employability, pro-activity and self-efficacy on psycho-social distress. Our results showed that the above-mentioned variables significantly differed by participants’ gender and age. The structural theoretical model proposed to assess the significance of the hypothesized paths exhibited good fit with the data. Thus, all our hypotheses were supported. Findings are in line with previous research, and practical implications may give significant effects when applied in new labor policies undertaken by local governments.