scholarly journals China and the Internationalisation of the Sociology of Contemporary Work and Employment

2021 ◽  
pp. 095001702110594
Author(s):  
Eleonore Kofman ◽  
Maggy Lee ◽  
Tommy Tse
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Research Subject ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Past ◽  
Labour Process ◽  
Contemporary Work ◽  
Rural To Urban Migration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Work And Employment

The China e-Special Issue brings together 11 articles on the sociology of contemporary work and employment in China which have been published in WES in the past two decades, highlighting the increasing frequency of submissions, and also reflecting the diversity, complexity and plurality of work and employment in the region. The foci of debates include the changing fault lines of work and employment; the changing relationships between state, employers and workers; the impact of rural to urban migration and urbanisation on the labour process and employment configurations; the interrelations between production and social reproduction and its gendered dimensions; and the need to develop established methodologies further given the changing nature of the research subject.

An Overview of Rural to Urban Migration in China and Social Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-282
Author(s):  
Ziwei Qi
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Open Market ◽  
Labour Demand ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
The Past ◽  
Internal Migrations ◽  
Rural To Urban Migration ◽  
Employment Sectors

The rural to urban migration in China represents one of the greatest internal migrations of people in history as rural populations have moved to cities in response to growing labour demand. One major cause of the increased labour demand was the “Reform and Open Market Policy” initiated at the end of the 1970s. The policy amplified the rural to urban divide by promoting a more thoroughly market-based economy with a corresponding reduction in the importance of agricultural production and a greater emphasis on non-agricultural market sectors. As a result, a series of economic reforms have drastically changed the cultural and social aspects of the rural area over the past three decades. Many social problems have been created due to rural to urban migration. These problems include institutional discrimination because of the restrictive household registration policies; social stigmatisation and discrimination in state-owned employment sectors and among urban residents; psychological distress and feelings of alienation.

scholarly journals Dimensions of Rural-to-Urban Migration and Premarital Pregnancy in Kenya

2013 ◽  
Vol 648 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongwei Xu ◽  
Blessing U. Mberu ◽  
Rachel E. Goldberg ◽  
Nancy Luke
Keyword(s):  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Premarital Pregnancy ◽  
Sexual Activities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Life History Data ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Reproductive Health Education ◽  
Rural To Urban Migration

Rural-to-urban migration is increasingly common among youths in developing countries and could affect sexual activities with consequences for premarital pregnancies. We use life history data collected in Kisumu, Kenya, to investigate how the timing and number of rural-to-urban moves are associated with premarital pregnancy. Among sexually experienced young women aged 18 to 24 ( N = 226), 60 percent had moved at least once in the past 10 years and 38 percent had experienced a premarital pregnancy. Results of the event history analysis show that those who experienced one or two moves were at increased risk for premarital pregnancy compared to nonmovers. Also at increased risk were movers whose most recent move occurred in the past 7 to 12 months. Finally, those whose last move occurred at age 13 or younger were also at an elevated risk. Migration brings about specific risks and needs for youths, including the need for sexual and reproductive health education and services, which should be made available and accessible to new urban residents.

scholarly journals Coastal Yorubaland: Habitability, Inhabitance, and Inheritances

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toyin Falola
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self And Identity ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Although the conference from which this Special Issue derives was convened by two prominent historians, this article is multi-disciplinary; both within and outside the boundaries of history. The purpose is to merge various ideas in different disciplines to argue that the study of Coastal Yorubaland as an important unit of analysis should, on the one hand, stand alone, and, on the other, be integrated into larger studies in all fields from Art to Zoology. For thousands of years, people have been living along the coast, experiencing interactions with the sea: they were shaped by the lagoon and sea, and they in turn shaped the coastline and waterways. The past of the coastal Yoruba people shapes their present, and this present will shape their future.In this article, I speak to the impact of the consciousness of history, the consciousness of the past, and the consciousness of self and identity on coastal Yorubaland.

A Multitude of Actors in Early Modern Diplomacy

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 407-422
Author(s):  
Birgit Tremml-Werner ◽  
Dorothée Goetze
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Foreign Relations ◽  
Diplomatic History ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Geographic Scope ◽  
The Past ◽  
Social Belonging ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Oriented Research

Abstract This special issue has been motivated by the drive to contextualize the role of individuals of various backgrounds in early modern foreign relations. All contributions cover a broad geographic scope and stress the impact of non-European practices and stages for the study of early modern foreign relations. Four thematic articles follow diverse diplomatic actors, ranging from non-elite envoys to chartered companies, Catholic friars and ministers on ships, to foreign courts, and behind their desks. They provide insights into these individual actors’ functions and achievements and raise questions about social belonging and knowledge channels. The introduction below portrays the development of an actor-oriented research angle in the field of New Diplomatic History over the past decades and addresses blurring concepts and over-generalizations. It attempts to redefine the heterogeneous group of early modern diplomatic actors as products of their involvement in political and material struggles, both at home and abroad.

scholarly journals What is the impact of rural-to-urban migration on exclusive breastfeeding: a population-based cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Han Yin ◽  
Chen Zhao ◽  
Yu Mei Yang ◽  
Hui Feng Shi ◽  
Tian Chen Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Migrant Children ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Urban Migrant ◽  
Rural To Urban Migration ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background In China, less than one third of infants under 6 months of age are being exclusively breastfed. Maternal rural-to-urban migration contributes to these low rates of breastfeeding practices. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of breastfeeding practices and associated factors among rural-to-urban migrant children and local children with infants aged 0–12 months in China, 2018. Methods Data were collected from a population-based cross-sectional survey in 2018 that included 6995 infants from eight urban areas (four metropolis and four medium sized/small cities) in China. The prevalence of breastfeeding practices was calculated using a 24-h recall questionnaire for all infants aged under 12 months. Logistic regression was conducted to examine the association between the prevalence of breastfeeding practices and maternal migrant status, after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, mother-infant health information and supportive information. For exclusive breastfeeding, we further analyzed its association with maternal rural-to-urban migration, stratified by maternal education level, maternal resident place and maternal ethnicity, respectively. Results The overall prevalence of ever breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, predominant breastfeeding and age-appropriate breastfeeding (exclusive breastfeeding of infants under 6 months of age and complementary feeding from six to 12 months of age) was 97.51, 29.84, 59.89 and 45.07%, respectively. Rural-to-urban migrant children were less likely to be exclusively breastfed compared to local children (AOR 0.81, 95% CI 0.68, 0.95). Stratified by different sociodemographic variables, a negative association between exclusive breastfeeding and rural-to-urban migration was only found in the group with high education level, in the group living in metropolis and in the group of minorities, respectively. Conclusions The overall prevalence of breastfeeding practices was low in both rural-to-urban migrant children and local children. Besides common strategies, special approaches should be provided for urban highly educated migrants.

scholarly journals In, Against and Beyond Precarity: Work in Insecure Times

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Alberti ◽  
Ioulia Bessa ◽  
Kate Hardy ◽  
Vera Trappmann ◽  
Charles Umney
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Organizational Contexts ◽  
The World ◽  
Global North ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Political Effectiveness ◽  
North And South ◽  
Work And Employment

In this Foreword to the special issue ‘In, Against and Beyond Precarity’ the guest editors take stock of the existing literature on precarity, highlighting the strengths and limitations of using this concept as an analytical tool for examining the world of work. Concluding that the overstretched nature of concept has diluted its political effectiveness, the editors suggest instead a focus on precarization as a process, drawing from perspectives that focus on the objective conditions, as well as subjective and heterogeneous experiences and perceptions of insecure employment. Framed in this way, they present a summary of the contributions to the special issue spanning a range of countries and organizational contexts, identifying key drivers, patterns and forms of precarization. These are conceptualized as implicit, explicit, productive and citizenship precarization. These forms and patterns indicate the need to address precariousness in the realm of social reproduction and post-wage politics, while holding these in tension with conflicts at the point of production. Finally, the guest editors argue for a dramatic re-think of current forms of state and non-state social protections as responses to the precarization of work and employment across countries in both the Global ‘North’ and ‘South’.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY ON RURAL TO URBAN MIGRATION IN JAVA, INDONESIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Renata Fauzia ◽  
Soengwoo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Wage Differential ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
Rural To Urban Migration ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates if the improvement of agricultural productivity will decrease rural to urban migration. Since rural to urban migration occurs due mainly to disparity between urban and agricultural wage, we assume that boosting agricultural income will reduce migration to urban areas. It is hypothesized that increase in agricultural productivity would result in a rise in agricultural wage, and hence income, ceteris paribus, reduces rural-urban migration. The data used in this study is the 2010 provincial statistics in West Java, Central Java, and East Java, Indonesia. The agricultural productivity and migration equations were estimated by using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS). The research findings may offer the suggestion to reduce rural to urban migration by boosting rural income through focusing the policy on agricultural productivity. Enhancing investment in agricultural sector such as increasing the number of subsidized fertilizer, adding agricultural labor and livestock, increasing education of rural people, and utilizing agricultural land resource are expected to increase agricultural output.Thus, it would also minimize the wage differential between urban and rural area.

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