Social types and sociological analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-23
Author(s):  
Charles Turner
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Literature And Science ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
History Of Sociology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Industrial

Social types, or types of persons, occupy a curious place in the history of sociology. There has never been any agreement on how they should be used, or what their import is. Yet the problems surrounding their use are instructive, symptomatic of key ambivalences at the heart of the sociological enterprise. These include a tension between theories of social order that privilege the division of labour and those that focus on large-scale cultural complexes; a tension between the analysis of society in terms of social groups and an acknowledgement of modern individualism; sociology’s location somewhere between literature and science; and sociology’s awkward response to the claim – made by both Catholic conservatives and Marxists – that modern industrial and post-industrial society cannot be a society of estates. These ambivalences may help to explain why the attempts to use social types for the purpose of cultural diagnosis – from the interesting portrait of arbitrarily selected positions in the division of labour to more ambitious guesswork about modern culture’s dominant ‘characters’ – have been unconvincing.

scholarly journals Approaching the social control of drugs, I: Construction of the problem

Sociologija ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-152
Author(s):  
Dragan Radulovic
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Social Censure

The paper aims at outlining the social process whereby drug use has been defined as a major problem of contemporary society. The beginning of profane use of drugs is located in modern industrial society, while their global spread and the establishment of the prohibition system took place in the second half of 20th century. The generalized notion of drugs has dissolved into three different groups: some substances (coffee, tea, alcohol, tobacco) are socially accepted; others, like barbiturates or tranquilizers are legitimated by medicine, while the third group - opium, cocaine, cannabis and psychodelics - provoke social censure, exclusion and legal prohibition. The second part of the paper analyzes the process of constructing the "problem" of drug use in public discourse, mainly in the mass media. The starting assumption is that sociological analysis of any phenomenon, especially if it is stigmatized, must necessarily include a deconstruction of the discourse in which the phenomenon is defined, which involves historical and cultural contextualization, uncovering of power relations and drives to maintain the existing social order, as well as strategies of particular social groups whose interests are served by such definitions. The tactics of "moral panic" is singled out as particularly apt in these processes.

scholarly journals DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE SYSTEM OF ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL REGULATION OF EMPLOYMENT OF THE POPULATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-35
Author(s):  
А.А. Fedchenko ◽  
◽  
N.V. Dorokhova ◽  
E.S. Dashkova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Post Industrial

The article examines the process of regulating employment through the introduction of digital technologies in the organizational and legal sphere. The authors considered the features of the manifestation of organizational and legal aspects of employment regulation during the transition to a post-industrial society. The attention is focused on the most problematic areas of employment regulation. The research is based on the position of continuity of socio-economic development and continuity of its stages. The study made it possible to identify quantitative, structural, and qualitative transformations in the field of employment in the Russian Federation, related to information and digital technologies. These changes require the solution of a set of tasks to improve the system of organizational and legal regulation of employment: limiting the negative impact of digital technologies in the process of regulating employment; regulation of organizational and legal regulation of all types of “agency labor” and its adjustment, considering the spread of its non-standard forms in terms of expanding the scope of digital technologies; ensuring cooperation between all parties of social and labor relations on issues related to the use of non-standard forms of employment in the context of the introduction of digital technologies; reduction of “digital illiteracy” among jobseekers; positioning of electronic self-employment as a promising form of employment regulation. Based on the results of the study, the authors determined the vector for solving these problems, considering the large-scale use of digital technologies.

WHAT VALUE "HISTORY"?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1064-1064
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Social Goals ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Economic View ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Value History ◽  
Post Industrial

For those of us who enjoy history, the publication of Bremner's two volumes on the history of children and youth in America' provides enormous satisfaction and pleasure. And yet the skeptic of Santayana says, "But how does that help solve our current problems in social policy?" Featherstone in a review of these volumes gives at least one answer. In the coming post-industrial society the major tension, he says, will be between the present dominant economic view and what others believe will be the greater emphasis on social goals. The history of children and the family "is more deeply rooted in American life than entrepreneurial, economic values. In the coming battles over national priorities and a new social policy, children and their families may be more important as symbols of social values than ever." Reading the history of children may guide us more surely toward these social goals.

scholarly journals Sustaining Animal Agriculture and Environmental Quality in the South: What Happened and Why? Discussion

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-75
Author(s):  
Paul B. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
The Political ◽  
Family Roles ◽  
Employment Patterns ◽  
Social Theorist ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Organizational Innovations

German social theorist Ulrich Beck has suggested that the political economy of post-industrial society has shifted away from the competition among relatively well-defined social groups for control of benefit streams resulting from technological and organizational innovations that characterized the roughly 200-year period of industrialization. In its place, we find constantly changing aggregates of individuals engaged in temporary or limited alliances competing to affect the distribution of social, environmental, and economic risks. Beck argues that a complex set of forces has brought about this shift. He mentions many oft noted changes in gender and family roles, in employment patterns, and global interdependencies, but two points are especially relevant to me collection of issues that have been discussed in these four papers.

The Place of Ethics in Business: Shifting Paradigms?

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon M. Shepard ◽  
Jon Shepard ◽  
James C. Wimbush ◽  
Carroll U. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Invisible Hand ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Western World ◽  
Efficient Markets ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Industrial

Abstract:This article uses concepts from sociology, history, and philosophy to explore the shifting relationship between moral values and business in the Western world. We examine the historical roots and intellectual underpinnings of two major business-society paradigms in ideal-type terms. In pre-industrial Western society, we argue that business activity was linked to society’s values of morality (the moral unity paradigm)—for good or for ill. With the rise of industrialism, we contend that business was freed from moral constraints by the alleged “invisible hand” of efficient markets (the amoral theory of business). Armed with this understanding of the intellectual history of the moral unity and amoral business-society paradigms, we suggest that some variant of the moral unity paradigm may be recurring in post-industrial society.

Capital vs. Digital Labor in the Post-industrial Information Age: A Marxist Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
T. Kumar ◽  
Lalatendu Kesari Jena
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Information Age ◽  
Social Production ◽  
History Of Capitalism ◽  
Gig Economy ◽  
Industrial Age ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Industrial

In the third millennium AD, humanity has reached the phase of the post-industrial information age. This age is characterized by the ubiquitous usage of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in all aspects of social reality. ICTs are not just a tool for automation of social production but are qualitatively different from other preceding technologies. It can be understood that ICTs are situated at the cutting edge of current global capitalism. There is a danger that ICTs are enhancing capitalist consumerism by converting the “complete human being” into the “complete consumer.” ICT-enabled “telework” has changed the “political economy of the home,” so that more surplus value can be extracted. ICTs have influenced the contestation of time between capital and labor that has been happening all through the history of capitalism. “Telework” and flexible production have influenced workers’ powers of collective bargaining. There are new challenges in organizing workers in the gig economy. When the ontological roots of ICTs are situated within the neo-Marxist Habermasian framework of critical theory, its potential for human emancipation is understood. On the contrary, there is also a danger that ICTs may end up as a tool to consolidate and strengthen the existing powers of the bourgeoisie. After engaging with such issues, this article surmises that the nature of the relation between capital and labor in the post-industrial information age is qualitatively different from the earlier industrial age. Nevertheless, it concludes that the possibilities of labor getting into a more just relation with capital and in the process bring about a more equitable global social order still exists.

Modern Media Communications in the Mechanism of Constructing Life Worlds

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Rashid Muhaev ◽  
Yuliya Laamarti
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Social ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Media ◽  
Post Industrial

The information and communication revolution of the late XX — early XXI century not only radically changed the modern world, but also formed a new social reality — a post-industrial society. The current stage of post-industrial development is associated with the formation of the information society, a distinctive feature of which is that in it information, the process of its production and methods of transmission, becomes more important than the thing itself. Information is a decisive factor in the social order, which has changed the ways and technologies of organizing social space and the nature of everyday practices, the life worlds of ordinary people, and the media become the main tool for the production of semantic systems.

scholarly journals THE EVOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL AND LABOUR RELATIONS: CON- CEPTUAL PROVISIONS

1970 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
N.Yu. Anisimova
Keyword(s):  
Labor Relations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
History Of ◽  
Industrial And Labor Relations ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

The article considers various theoretical and methodological concepts of the evolution of industrial and labor relations as the basis for the socio-economic development of society. From the point of view of the history of industrial revolutions, theories of socio-economic formations and information (post-industrial) society, the essential characteristics of industrial and labor relations and the stages of their transformation were revealed. It is shown that the systematic formation of industrial and labor relations began in close relationship with social and labor relations during the period of industrialization of the economy. It is justified that, most conceptually, the further periodization of their development is represented by a civilizational approach, according to which the change of paradigms is carried out not at the expense of social, but at the expense of scientific and technical revolutions. The global digitalization of labor processes has led to the individualization of industrial and labor relations, their intellectualization, and the transition to remote forms of personnel work. The contradictions of the conceptual provisions of industrial and labor relations revealed during the study lead to the need for further theoretical and methodological justification of their internal content.

Water, Irrigation, and Agrarian Society in India and Egypt

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Beinart ◽  
Lotte Hughes
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Social Order ◽  
American West ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
New West ◽  
Agrarian Society ◽  
The World ◽  
Capitalist Enterprise

Water drives the world. Without it, our bodies cannot function, settlement is impossible, livestock die, and farmers cannot grow crops that feed millions. Great civilizations have been built upon irrigation, and fallen when the irrigation failed. Water carried armies, navies, commodities and labour across the globe, into places unreachable by land transport, and at far lower cost. When harnessed it produced steam engines and electricity, and helped to power industrial society. This natural resource, both fresh and salt, helped shape the patterns of empire in terms of the location of settlement and routes of communication. Irrigation became a major enterprise in the British Empire. Dammed and channelled water did not become a commodity in quite the same way as sugar, furs, or teak. But direct charges were often made for channelled water, and its value was also materialized in crops and livestock. In many places, control of water was intimately bound up with command over territory. State-owned irrigation is a highly visible assertion of power, and management of water has sometimes required a centralized and ruthless bureaucracy, not least in order to collect the new revenues generated. As with forestry, colonial states tended to claim that their approach to water involved greater rationality and efficiency, in contrast to existing indigenous practices—though individual engineers did praise the ingenuity of the latter. Some scholars have argued that despotism has followed human attempts to assert authority over water and its products, because it is a very basic way in which one group of people can dominate other, weaker groups. Such controls could also be a bedfellow of capitalist enterprise and empire. Making the link between the control of water and the rise of empires, Donald Worster has written of the American West: ‘[It] can best be described as a modern hydraulic society, which is to say, a social order based on the intensive, large-scale manipulation of water and its products in an arid setting…The technological control of water was the basis of a new West’. Ultimately, it helped to make California the leading state in America.

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