Technological Characteristic of Futures Based on Virtual Assets

A virtual asset is a type of asset which does not have a material representation, although its value is reflected in a real currency. Due to their nature, the price of digital assets is usually highly volatile, especially with futures, which are derivative financial contracts. This is the most important contributing factor to the problem of the low usability of digital-based contracts in enterprise operations.Previously existing virtual assets included photography, logos, illustrations, animations, audiovisual media, etc. However, virtually all of such assets required a third-party platform for exchange to currency. The necessity of having a trusted by both sides mediator greatly limited the ease of use, and ultimately restricted the number of such transactions. Still, popularity of digital assets only grew, as evidenced by an explosive growth of software applications in the 2000s, as well as blockchain-based asset space in the 2010s.The newest and most promising solution developed is based on cryptoassets. Underlying usage of block- chain technology for the transactions checking and storage ensures clarity in virtual assets’ value history. Smart contracts written for the Ethereum platform, as an example, provide a highly trustful way of express- ing predefined conditions of a certain transaction. This allows safe and calculated enterprise usage, and also eliminates the need of having a mutually trusted third-party. The transactions are fully automated and happen at the same time as the pre-defined external conditions are met.Ethereum was chosen as an exemplary platform due to its high flexibility and amount of existing development. Even now, further advancements are being explored by its founder and community. Besides Ether, it is also used nоn-fungible tokens, decentralized finance, and enterprise blockchain solutions. Another important point is how much more nature friendly it is compared to main competitors, due to energy-efficiency of the mining process, enforced by the platform itself. This makes it ideal for responsible usage as well as further research.This article explores the digital assets usage, as well as explains cryptoassets technological background, in order to highlight the recent developments in the area of futures based on virtual assets, using certain Ether implementation as an example, which offers perpetual futures.

The Nuances of fair value history: A rejoinder to Cardao-Pito

Cardao-Pito (2020) critically reviewed Donleavy’s (2019) article on the origins of the use of the word ‘fair’ in fair value accounting. This article is a rejoinder to the criticisms in that review.

New Approaches to Documenting Performance in the Museum: Value, History, and Strategy

This chapter shows how over the past two decades the relationship between the museum and performance has undergone a radical shift with the acquisition of performance-based artworks into the collection, shifting the role of the museum from that of a repository to that of a vital participant in the activation of the work. This chapter reflects on the new value this turn affords to documentation, and on how it is being used to support the effective activation of performance-based artworks in the museum. It reflects particularly on Tate’s development of documentation practices that address these new institutional needs and on how these navigate both immediate and potential future value.

LITERATURE AS «A FORM OF WORK ON THE IDEOLOGICAL FRONT» AND VALUE BASES FOR THE INTERPRETATION OF IDEOLOGIZED CREATIVITY

The article examines aspects of the research interpretation of ideologized creativity based on early Soviet Kabardian poetry. The collection of poems and songs "The First Step" is involved in the analysis. The main attention is paid to the specificity of the ideals associated with the implanted system of values, and the problem of determining the axiological foundations for the interpretation of politically engaged works. The relevance of the study is due to the need to concretize the history of the first decades of the Adyghe Soviet literature, as well as the fact that the collection of poetry, significant for the indicated period, has not yet been the object of interpretation of modern literary criticism. The axiological aspect of the study of this collection is revealed in the correlation of the events depicted in it with their cultural and historical context. In the chosen research perspective, the obvious imperfections of the collection, concerning the formal features of the works included in it, are transformed into one of the components of its value content, read as a way of perception by the authors of the significant phenomena of contemporary reality. In addition, the studied material allows us to conclude that in the context of the transformations of the period under consideration, two different realities dramatically coexist, which are commonly denoted by the word “ideal”. In one of them, the ideal is the result of a difficult path that runs through the levels of the value system, in the other, it is a certain predetermined template that is not burdened by the preceding “value history”, but, nevertheless, is obliged to take on all the functions of the ideal.

Dignity of a person as a legal value: history and modernity

The article discusses the legal, historical, philosophical, cultural and religious aspects of the dignity of the individual as the most important and significant legal category. The author uses the methods of historical legal, comparative legal, sociocultural analysis of modern law in order to identify the role and significance of this legal category in the law of various states, as well as in international law. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the national idea of Russia and the value of personal dignity represent the realization of the general spiritual and moral Christian principle of “love for one’s neighbor”.

La Fiesta de la Historia, de la Universidad a la ciudadanía: puesta en valor de la Historia y el Patrimonio = The “Feast of History”, from the University to the citizenship: an enhancement of History and Heritage

Resumen: La Fiesta de la Historia nace en Bolonia y se extiende, entre otras ciudades, a Sevilla. En ella juegan un papel fundamental la escuela, la universidad, las instituciones y las asociaciones culturales que, junto a expertos y estudiosos, van a mostrar a la sociedad y a recordar las raíces de dónde venimos, permitiendo poner en valor la historia de la ciudad y el territorio. Es una semana en que las plazas, las calles, teatros y centros escolares y administrativos de las ciudades participantes sirven de escenario para celebrar conferencias, mesas redondas, espectáculos y exposiciones. Estas actividades permiten acercar a la ciudadanía a la historia y al patrimonio de la ciudad. Presentamos las experiencias de Bolonia y presentamos y valoramos la puesta en marcha de la iniciativa en Sevilla, dos iniciativas que surgen desde la Universidad.Abstract: The “Feast of History” originated in Bologna and extended, among other cities, to Seville. School, college, institutions and cultural associations, together with experts and scholars, play a key role in this Feast and try to make society remember its roots, allowing to value history of the city and territory. For a week the squares, streets, theaters, schools and administrative centers of the participating cities are the setting for lectures, panel discussions, performances and exhibitions. These activities aim at bringing the history and heritage of the city to participants. We present the experiences of Bologna and the initiative of Seville, both initiatives arising from the University.

Fair value: history, assessment and financial crisis

For the last 20 years fair value accounting has considerably extended its domain. Fair value is a probabilistic market value, which is expected to be obtained on the basis of forecasting of future events, connected with an asset sale or transfer of liabilities. The purpose of fair value is to define a price of an ordinary operation of an asset sale or transfer of liabilities between the market participants, which would have taken place by the date of measurement in the present market conditions. Market value is fair only with an active market, at which prices are determined by demand and supply. This is the reason of a discussion about the use of fair value. The opponents of fair value accounting state that exactly fair value has become a cause of financial crisis and had a negative influence on companies. However, there are many supporters of fair value accounting, who state that fair value is the indicator of financial system significant difficulties and it helps in warning financial crises. The purpose of the article is to validate the economic characteristics of fair value and to analyze its` role in a financial crisis

Exploring the Heritage Value of Space in Sang Cipta Rasa Mosque, Keraton Kasepuhan

Sang Cipta Rasa Mosque is an integral part of Keraton Kasepuhan incorporated within the area as a whole. The Keraton Kasepuhan itself is located in Cirebon City. Heritage value is an aesthetic value, history, scientific work, and social-spiritual value derived from the long history of historical places (Kalman;2014;200). Sunan Gunung Jati is a historical figure in the spread of Islam as well as a King in Cirebon. “Sang Cipta Rasa” Mosque is a place that becomes a milestone in the spread of Islam by Sunan Gunung Jati. The Mosque is not only a place of worship mandatory for Moslems but also as a place of spiritual awakening of the ummah (Agustina; 2015;2016). The spatial viability of the mosque through periods of civilizational changes is a phenomenon subjected as the main interest of this research. This research is part of writer’s desertation research using Husserl’s phenomenology method implemented in Keraton Kasepuhan. This paper is written as a continuation of the aforementioned previous research, resulting in an in-depth exploration concerning the aesthetic values of spatial symbol of the mosque. The purpose of this paper is to explore the heritage value in Sang Cipta Rasa Mosque. The finding of the exploration is a construction of perceived heritage value of both macro and micro space of Sang Cipta Rasa Mosque.

The Business of History

This chapter considers the business of history in the context of the common business mission to satisfy customers and employees while generating sufficient profits to sustain the enterprise. It emphasizes the customer’s role in defining markets for history and explores how customers value history to establish identity, to obtain and apply historical knowledge, or for entertainment. It argues that history businesses need professional historians who are competitive, collaborative, and capable while suggesting criteria for good history and skill sets for marketable historians. Finally, it briefly highlights the role of money in fueling and measuring business success while challenging the notion that history produced for a profit is inherently untrustworthy.